1、Unit 3Discovering useful structuresPast participle(3)Used as the adverbialWorried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.=As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.Rewrite the sentence below.participle used as the adverbialPast participle used as adv
2、erbial过去分词作状语:1.表示被动的和完成的动作。e.g.Given more attention,the tree can grow better.2.过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语为主句的主语。Written in French,the letter cannot be understood.Written in French,I cannot understand the letter.信是句子的主语，信被写，符合逻辑，句子正确。I是句子主句，过去分词的逻辑主语默认与句子一致。“我”被写，句子错误Past participle used as adverbial 如果过去分词的动作不
3、是句子的主语发出时，前面再加逻辑主语，这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构叫独立主格结构。e.g.Written in French,I cannot understand the letter.怎么改写才正确？The letter written in French,I cannot understand it.逻辑主语Read three more sentences with past participles used as the adverbial.1.Well-known for their expertise,his parents company,called“Future Tour”
4、,transported me safely into the future in a time capsule.2.Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.3.Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast sleep.More example sentences1.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.2.When it is seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-point
5、ed shape.When heated,ice will be changed into water.Seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.过去分词作时间状语1.When it is heated,ice will be changed into water.When heated,ice will be changed into water.2.When it is seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate
6、six-pointed.Seen under a microscope,a fresh snowflake has a delicate six-pointed shape.过去分词作原因状语1.Since/As she was given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.Given advice by the famous detective,the young lady was no longer afraid.2.Because it was done in a hurry,his ho
7、mework was full of mistakes.Done in a hurry,his homework was full of mistakes.过去分词作条件或者假设状语1.If they had been given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.Given more attention,the cabbages could have grown better.2.If I am compared with you,we still have a long way to go.Compared with y
8、ou,we still have a long way to go.过去分词作方式或伴随情况状语1.The hunter left his house,and he was followed by his dog.The hunter left his house,followed by his dog.2.She sat by the window,and she was lost in thought.She sat by the window,lost in thought.Although we were exhausted by the climb,we continued our
9、journey,we continued our journey.Exhausted by the climb,we continued our journey.过去分词作让步状语1)过去分词在句子中可以作时间状语、原因状语、伴随状语、条件状语、让步状语等。2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词的逻辑主语与句子主语一致。Summary过去分词作状语有两大特点：1)表示被动的动作，分词与主语的逻辑关系被动；2)表示已经完成的动作。1.Asked what had happened,he told us about it.When he was asked what had happened,he tol
10、d us about it.2.Well-known for his expert advice,he received many invitations to give lectures.Because he was well known for his expert advice,he received many invitations to give lectures.Rewrite the sentences with proper conjunctions.3.Given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.If
11、 we were given more time,we would be able to do the work much better.4.Once translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.Once it was translated into Chinese,the book became very popular among Chinese teenagers.5.Deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a do
12、ctor.Because she was deeply interested in medicine,she decided to become a doctor.6.Left alone at home,Sam did not feel afraid at all.Although he was left alone at home，Sam did not feel afraid at all.Rewrite the sentences with past participle.1.As I was worried about the journey,I was unsettled for
13、the first few days._,I was unsettled for the first few days.Worried about the journey2.If he is given time,hell make a first-class tennis player._,hell make a first-class tennis player.3.As I was confused by the new surroundings,I was hit by the lack of fresh air._,I was hit by the lack of fresh air
14、.Given timeConfused by the new surroundings4.When he was questioned by the police about the fire,he became tense._ _,he became tense.Questioned by the police about the fire1.Frightened by the loud noise,I went to see what was happening.2.Hit by the lack of fresh air,he got a bad headache,3.Tired aft
15、er the long journey,I still enjoyed meeting the aliens on the space station4.Frightened by the noise outside,the little girl dared not sleep in her bedroom.Combine these sentences using the past participle as the adverbial.(page 21 Ex2.)5.Built in 1910,the museum is almost 100 years old.6.Given some
16、 advice by the famous scientist,the student was not worried about his scientific experiment any more.7.Exhausted after a days work,George took some tablets to help him feel better.8.Very astonished by the amount of work in the new timetable,Lucy decided to leave her job immediately.1.Following the o
17、ld man,we went upstairs.(跟着那个老人,我们上了楼)2.Followed by the old man,we went upstairs.(被那个老人跟着,我们上了楼)Compare3.从上面看,体育场好像一个鸟巢。_ from the top,the stadium looks like a bird nest.A.Seeing B.Seen4.从太空看,宇航员看不到长城。_ from the space,the astronaut could not discover the Great Wall.A.Seeing B.SeenBA注意作状语的过去分词其逻辑主语通常
18、就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的；过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。这一点是与现在分词作状语的情况是不同的，后者与主语之间是主谓关系。Complete each sentence using the Past Participle of the right verb.1)_ by noises in the night,the girl no longer dared to sleep in her room.2)The lady returned home,_ by two policemen.frighten trap foll
19、ow shootFrightenedfollowed3)If _ in a burning building,you should send for help.4)Although _in the leg,he continued firing at the thief.trappedshotPast participle(3)Used as the attribute过去分词作定语过去分词作定语与其所修饰的词之间存在着逻辑上的被动关系,且表示该动作已经完成。单个的过去分词作定语,通常置于被修饰的词的前面；分词短语作定语时,须置于被修饰词的后面。1.Last Sunday we went on
20、 an organized trip to the forest.上周日我们进行了一次有组织的去森林的旅行。2.A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.今天寄出的信后天他就能收到。A.被动意义：an honored guest 一位受尊敬的客人(受伤的工人)are now being taken good care of in the hospital.B.完成意义a retired teacher 一位退休教师They are cleaning (落叶)in the yard.The injured worker
21、sthe fallen leaves过去分词作定语前置和后置两种情况单个的过去分词作定语,通常放在被修饰的名词之前,表示被动和完成意义。1.前置定语过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰的名词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。This will be the best novel of its kindever written.=Who were the so-called guests invited(=)to your party last night?that has ever been writtenwho had been invited2.后置定语如果被修饰的词是由every/som
22、e/any/no+thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如：Is there anything unsolved?There is noting changed here since I left this town.注意:现在分词作定语，它与被修饰的名词存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，而且该动词的动作正在进行。过去分词做定语时，它与被修饰的名词存在着逻辑上有动宾关系，而且该动词的动作已经发生了。现在分词与过去分词作定语的区别He worked as a worker building roads.(主动)=He
23、worked as a worker who/that built roads.This is a picture painted by my father.(被动)=This is a picture which was painted by my father.I know the young man sleeping on the bench.(在进行)=I know the young man who is sleeping on the bench.The letter mailed last night will reach him tomorrow.(已完成)=The lette
24、r which was mailed last nightwill reach him tomorrow.过去分词短语有时亦可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。Some of them,born and brought up in country villages,had never seen a train.分词作定语可以转换成定语从句:We live in a house facing(which faces)the south.This is the factory(which was)built in 1980.1.Soon we lost sight of that famous as
25、tronomer called Li Qiang.2.I am going to buy a painting copied from Vincent van Gogh.3.I like that old private house built of wood and mud.Combine these sentences using the past participle as the attribute.(page 21 Ex3.)4.The room connected to the rest of the house by a long passage is completely em
26、pty.5.The queen was sitting in a royal carriage drawn by four horses.6.The vehicle mentioned in the book is unknown to me.7.The castle built in 1432 is under repair.1.The Olympic Games,_ in 776 B.C.,didnt include women until 1912.A.first playing B.to be first played C.first played D.to be playing考点点
27、拨C简析:首先,根据语法分析可知,待选部分是一个作定语、修饰 The Olympic Games的后置分词短语;再根据 The Olympic Games 对于动词 play 来说只能是被动承受,且已完成(in 776 B.C.)。2.Whats the language _ in Germany?A.speaking B.spoken C.be spoken D.to speak简析:测试过去分词作后置定语表达被动,等于定语从句 which is spoken。B2.Dont use words,expressions,or phrases _ only to people with spe
28、cific knowledge.A.being known B.having been knownC.to be known D.known4.The computer centre,_ last year,is very popular among the students in this school.A.open B.opening C.having opened D.opened 简析:测试过去分词短语作定语放在所修饰的名词后,可以用非限制性定语从句which was opened last year代替。D3.All of us were _ by the _ question _
29、by a little girl.A.puzzled,puzzling,roseB.puzzling,puzzled,raisedC.puzzled,puzzling,raisedD.Puzzled,puzzled,lifted4.When first _ to the market,these products enjoyed great success.A.introducing B.introducedC.introduce D.being introduced5.Whenever the mistakes he made _ in public by his parents,Tom w
30、ould run away unhappily.A.talking about B.to talk about C.were talking about D.were talked aboutD6._ unimaginable strength,the injured soldier struggled to his own feet.A.Filled with B.To fill with C.Filling with D.Being filled with7.With his eyes _ on the computer screen,he didnt notice his mother
31、coming in.A.fixing B.being fixed C.to be fixed D.fixedAD1.I like reading the novels _(write)by Zhang Ailing.2.The girl _(write)a letter in the study is my cousin.3.There is something wrong with my car and I have to get it _(repair).writtenwritingrepairedFill in the blanks.4.I want the doors of my ne
32、w house _(paint)white.5.There was a _(surprise)look on his face.6.He was _(excite)at the good news.7.The story was so _(move)that he was _(move)to tears.paintedsurprisedexcitedmovingmoved8._(use)in this way,the word shouldnt be taken as a verb.9._(arm)with special guns,knives and brushes,two astrona
33、uts began fixing the spacecraft.10.Though _(catch)in a traffic jam,we managed to arrive at the airport.UsedArmedcaught11.Susan is not easy to get along with.But once _(gain),her friendship will last forever.12.Henry didnt attend the party _ (hold)at Toms house last night,for he was busy preparing fo
34、r his exam.gainedheld从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。1._ from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.（陕西2010）A.Seen B.Seeing C.Having seen D.To see 2.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if _ regularly,can improve our health.（浙江2010）A.being carried out B.c
35、arrying out C.carried out D.to carry out 3._ twice,the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.（北京2009）A.Being bitten B.Bitten C.Having bitten D.To be bitten 4.Michaels new house is like a huge palace,_ with his old one.（重庆2009）A.comparing B.compares C.to compare D.compared
36、5._ by the advances in technology,many farmers have set up wind farms on their land.（天津2009）A.Being encouraged B.Encouraging C.Encouraged D.Having encouraged 6._ many times,he finally understood it.（四川2009）A.Told B.Telling C.Having toldD.Having been told7._ the right kind of training,these teenage s
37、occer players may one day grow into international stars.（江西2009）A.Giving B.Having given C.To give D.Given 8._ not to miss the flight at 15:20,the manager set out for the airport in a hurry.（福建2009）A.Reminding B.Reminded C.To remind D.Having reminded 1.Review the grammar focus.2.Finish Using structur
38、es on Page 57.3.Preview reading passage on page 22.HomeworkUsing structures on the workbook:1.Join these sentences using the past participle as the attribute or adverbial.Make any other necessary changes.1.J M Coetzee won the Booker Prize.He is well known for his books about South Africa.Well-known
39、for his books about South Africa,JM Coetzee won the Booker Prize.2.A princess once owned a magical chair.It was made of gold and silver.A princess once owned a magical chair made of gold and silver.3.On his birthday he received a mysterious present.It was wrapped in gold paper.On his birthday he rec
40、eived a mysterious present wrapped in gold paper.4.He was interrupted by the bell.He was unable to finish his speech.Interrupted by the bell,he was unable to finish his speech.5.She was awakened by a noise at midnight.She saw a thief in her room.Awakened by a noise at midnight,she saw a thief in her
41、 room.6.Passengers,please remain seated.You should fasten your seat belts.Seated,passengers should fasten your seat belts.2.Choose the verbs below and use them correctly to fill in the blanks.call fall point terrify support endanger knowThe alien mumus come from a planet _ Dentol._ by their disappea
42、ring habitat,there are only a few hundred mumus left.Each mumu is very intelligent with a big head _ at the top.They can talk in a“click”language _ only to themselves.With a kind heart,they wander around their planet incalledEndangeredpointedknowna happy dream.Having once _ in love,a mumu will stay with his partner for life.When a mumus partner dies,the other will be left _ only by his/his sweet memories._ of living alone,the survivors often dies soon after.supportedTerrifiedfallen
