1、2012届高考英语顶尖学案：大纲版此学案为QQ1084591801原创整理首发，转载请保留此信息。Unit 16The United States of America美利坚合众国核心词汇1She_(牺牲)her life to save her child from the fire.2My_(贪吃的)brother has eaten all the sweets.3_(最后)，he came through with his promise to help as best as he could.4. His_(以前的)classmate was an advisor to the pe
2、ace delegation.5After the earthquake, the_(重建)of the city took them a whole year.6He was thrown into_(失业)when the factory closed.7You had to_(克服)difficulties of all kinds while studying abroad.8The sight of people suffering arouses a deep sense of_(不公平)in Mary.9Burger King is widely regarded as the
3、quality fast food hamburger restaurant_(连锁)10用suffer的适当形式填空：(1)His health _ terribly from heavy drinking.(2)Death finally brought an end to her_.1.sacrificed2.greedy3.Eventually4.former5.reconstruction6.unemployment7.overcome8.injustice/unfairners9.chain10.(1)suffered(2)suffering高频短语1_ 冒险；碰运气2_ 坚持(做
4、)3_ 结果4_ 转而；反过来；轮流5_ 收拾起来6_ 为表示对尊敬；纪念7_ 徒劳；白辛苦8_ 不打扰；不理会9_ 出版；生产；扑灭；关掉10_ 出售；减价1.take a chance2.insist on3.as a result4.in turn5.gather up6.in honour of7.in vain8.leave alone9.put out10.on sale重点句式1The city_between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr King was shot and killed in 1968.这座城市见证了20世纪60年
5、代黑人和白人之间的一系列残酷斗争，金博士于1968年被枪杀。2_early settlers had killed bison for food，now the killing became more widespread.虽然早期的移民者屠杀野牛以供食用，而现在对野牛的屠杀变得更为泛滥。3Between 1850 and 1910 the bison population_from 60 million to just a few hundred.人们认为，在1850年到1910年之间，野牛的头数从6000万头下降到只有几百头了。4Bison waste no longer fell on
6、the ground to improve the soil，_as a result became_for growing plants.地上不再有野牛的粪便来改良土壤，结果植物生长的土壤变得不够肥沃了。1.saw a series of fierce fights2.While3.in thought to have fallen4.which；less good知识详解1.insistvi.坚持；坚持主张；坚决认为【教材原句】(P46)He insists on us showing him respect.他坚持让我们对他表示尊重。(1)坚持，坚持主张insist on/upon(do
7、ing) sth.坚持(做)某事insist thatclause坚持认为，坚决要求(牛津P1056)They insist on playing their music late at night.他们执意地演奏他们的音乐直到深夜。The young men insisted that they (should) be sent to the front.那些年轻人坚持要求被派往前线去。(2)坚持认为She insisted that he was wrong.她坚持认为他错了。【温馨提示】(1)当insist作“坚持认为，强调(某种事实、看法)”讲时，宾语从句用陈述语气；(2)当insis
8、t作“坚决要求，主张”讲时，宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即用“(should)动词原形”形式。The doctor insisted that he (should)stay in bed for another five days.大夫坚决主张他在床上再待五天。1The old worker insisted that he_old，and that he_back to the working post again.Awasnt；be sentBwasnt；was sentCbe not；send Disnt；sent解析：选A。句意为：“那位老工人坚持认为自己不老，要求回到工作岗位上去
9、”。第一个that分句中不用虚拟语气，第二个that分句中要用虚拟语气。即境活用2.The man insisted_a taxi for me even though I told him I lived nearby.Afind Bto findCon finding Din finding解析：选C。本题考查动词用法。insist常接从句或介词ondoing，不接不定式或in doing结构。(牛津P1757)Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education.为了让她受良好的教育，她的父母作了很多牺牲。
10、He achieved his success at the sacrifice of his own health.他以牺牲自己的健康为代价取得成功。(2)vt.牺牲；奉献；把作祭品Its not worth sacrificing your health for your career.为事业而牺牲你的健康不值得。The young man sacrificed his life to save the child from the fire.这个年轻人为了救火中的孩子牺牲了自己的生命。3As parents，they think it normal to make_for their c
11、hildren，especially in China.Asacrifice BsacrificesCthe sacrifice Dthe sacrifices解析：选B。make sacrifices for是固定词组，意为“为作出牺牲”。即境活用3.vainadj.徒然的；无益的；虚荣的；空虚的；自负的【教材原句】(P44)Dr Kings efforts were not in vain，however.然而，金博士的努力没有白费。in vain白费力气；徒劳无益a vain attempt/hope/effort徒劳的尝试/希望/努力(牛津P2229)She closed her ey
12、es tightly in a vain attempt to hold back the tears.她紧闭双眼，却无法忍住眼泪。(牛津P2229)All our efforts were in vain.我们的所有努力都付诸东流了。She made a vain attempt to stop him.她试图阻止他，但是徒然。4(2009年高考湖北卷)His efforts to raise money for his program were_ because no one showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
13、Ain place Bin sightCin effect Din vain即境活用解析：选D。句意：他为他的项目筹集资金的努力付诸东流了，因为没有一个人愿意从腰包里掏出一分钱。in place在适当的位置，准备就绪；in sight在视线内可以看见；in effect生效，起作用；in vain徒劳。又如：They tried in vain to persuade her to go.他们极力劝她去，但枉费了一番口舌。All our efforts were in vain.我们所有的努力全都是枉费心机。5.It was snowing；the little matchselling gi
14、rl sat down in the street corner，drawing her feet close under her，but_，she could not warm them.Ain use Bin vainCin effect Din fact解析：选B。in vain徒劳无益；in use在使用；in effect在实施中，生效；in fact事实上。(牛津P2029)Foreign governments supplied the rebels with arms.一些外国政府向反叛者提供武器。It is the sun that supplies all the livi
15、ng things on the earth with light and heat.太阳为地球上所有的生物提供光和热。(2)n.供给物；供应品(pl.)(朗文P2071)Emergency supplies are being sent to the flooded region.急需的日用品正被运往遭受洪涝灾害的地区。The bear has stored supplies of fat in its body.熊在身体里储存着大量的脂肪。supply，provide，offer(1)supply通常指定期供应，强调替代或补充所需物品，常用于supply sb.with sth.或supp
16、ly sth.to sb.结构。The cars will be supplied to people all over the country.这些汽车将供应给全国各地的人们。(2)provide指有远见，为应付意外、紧急情况等做好充分准备而“供给、提供”，可用于provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.结构。比较网站The school provided food for the students.学校为学生们提供伙食。(3)offer侧重表示“愿意给予”，常用于offer sb.sth.或offer to do sth.结构，后不能接宾语从句。She
17、 offered me a cup of tea.她给我端了杯茶。6The shop was able to supply us_we wanted.Awith thatBto thatCwith what Dto what解析：选C。supply sb. with sth.“供给某人某物”；what 引导宾语从句。句意是“这个商店能够供应我们想要的东西。”即境活用5.in turn依次；逐个地；转而；反过来【教材原句】(P47)This in turn had an effect on the food supplied for wolves.反过来这又影响供给狼的食物。Theory is
18、based on practice and in turn serves practice.理论以实践为基础，反过来又为实践服务。The students answered the teachers questions in turn.学生们依次回答老师的问题。He spends too much time on maths，and this in turn affects the progress of his other subjects.他在数学上花的时间太多，这反过来影响他的其他学科的进步。思维拓展(朗文P1751)She gave us food and clothing and a
19、sked for nothing in return.她给了我们食物和衣服，没有要求任何回报。He didnt expect anything in return for his help.他帮助人并不期待什么回报。7People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, and this_creates further problems.Ain short Bin caseCin doubt Din turn解析：选D。考查短语辨析。in short 简言之；in case 以防，万一；in doub
20、t 怀疑；in turn 反过来。句意：人们试图通过使用自己的小汽车来避免公共交通的延误，反而造成了更多的问题。即境活用8.I greeted the teacher with “Hello”，and the teacher gave me a sweet smile _.Aby turns Bin returnCin turn Dfor return解析：选B。in return意为“作为交换”符合本句句意。6.leave alone不打扰；不理会；让独自呆着【教材原句】(P46)I want other people to leave me alone.我想让其他人别管我。A railwa
21、y station is no place for a child to be left alone at night.火车站可不是让儿童在晚上独自呆的地方。She has asked to be left alone but the reporters follow her everywhere.她要求别打扰她，但记者到处都跟着她。思维拓展let.alone不打扰；不碰let alone更不用说leave behind遗留；忘记携带；使落在后边leave out遗漏；省去；不考虑leave aside放在一边；不考虑leave off中断；停止I have told you beforele
22、t my things alone!我以前告诉过你别碰我的东西！(牛津P1151)Leaving the expense aside，do we actually need a second car?且不说费用多少，我们真的还需要一辆汽车吗？9用leave alone；let alone；leave behind；leave out填空。(1)She asked for my address but _ it _ when she left.答案：left；behind(2)They must decide what to _.答案：leave out即境活用(3)He hasnt enoug
23、h money for food，_ amusements.答案：let alone(4)She always tries not to be _ with the stubborn old man.答案：left alone7.as a result结果；因此【教材原句】(P46)As a result，Hugh Beaver decided to put out a book that would contain all kinds of world records.因此，休比佛决定出版一本包括所有世界纪录的书。(牛津P1702)He made one big mistake，and，as
24、 a result，lost his job.他犯了个大错，结果丢了工作。I was very busy.As a result，I couldnt take care of her.我非常忙，因此无法照料她。as a result，as a result of，result in，result from(1)as a result因此，结果，副词短语，常作状语，使用时其前常有一个表示原因的句子。We helped each other in studies and as a result we became good friends.我们学习上互相帮助，结果我们成了好朋友。(2)as a r
25、esult of是介词短语，只能连接名词/代词/动名词及what引导的宾语从句。比较网站As a result of the car accident，Jackson couldnt work any longer.由于车辆交通事故，Jackson不能再工作了。(3)result in相当于lead to，结果为；导致，主语是原因，宾语是结果。His carelessness resulted in his failure.他的粗心导致了他的失败。(4)result from相当于lie in，因为，源自，主语是结果，宾语是原因。His failure resulted from his ca
26、relessness.他的失败源于他的粗心。10.(2009年高考全国卷)Jenny nearly missed the flight_doing too much shopping.Aas a result of Bon top ofCin front of Din need of解析：选A。句意：由于购物花费时间太多，珍妮差点错过航班。as a result of作为的结果，由于；on top of在之上；in front of在前面；in need of需要。即境活用11My friend Martin was very sick with a high fever；_，he could
27、 neither eat nor sleep.Aas a result Bafter allCanyway Dotherwise解析：选A。因生病而导致了后面的结果，所以选as a result。句型梳理【教材原句】(P44)The city saw a series of fierce fights between blacks and whites in the 1960s and Dr King was shot and killed in 1968.在20世纪60年代这座城市目睹了黑人和白人之间一连串的冲突，金博士在1968年被枪杀。【句法分析】此处the city saw.是一种拟人
28、化的写作手法，以增加句子的表现力。see意为“(在某段时期或某地)发生，经历，经受”。The following year saw the death of both his sisters.第二年目睹了他两个姐姐的相继去世。The 5th century saw the end of the Roman Empire in the West.五世纪见证了西方罗马帝国的灭亡。The year 1949 saw the founding of the Peoples Republic of China.中华人民共和国于1949年成立。12The next few years_a series of bad harvests in this country，causing many people to die of hunger.AmetBhappenedCsaw Dmade解析：选C。see可用某时间或某地来作主语，意为“经历，遇到”。即境活用高考资源网独家高Ks5uK&S%5#U精品资源，欢迎下载！高Ks5uK&S%5#U
