1、Module 1 British and American English课时作业.阅读A(2020山东师大附中高三第一次模拟考试)You may be surprised to learn that English gets 30 to 45 percent of its words from French. The reason goes back to the year 1066, when Norman forces invaded (入侵) what is now Britain. The Normans were from northern France and spoke Fre
2、nch. During the Norman occupation, French became the language of Englands rulers and wealthy class. This lasted for more than 300 years. Other people in England continued to speak English during this period.Over time, the two languages combined and shared words. Some researchers believe that about 1
3、0,000 French words eventually entered the English language. However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same. Sometimes the differences in meanings can be very important, and lead to funny or strange situations if the words are used in the wrong way.Ta
4、ke, for example, the French word college. In English, college can often be used in place of the word university, or sometimes as a school within a university. However, in French, college actually means “middle school”， or the level of schooling for students in grades five or six through eight.There
5、are many other similar words in the two languages with completely different meanings. In English, the word chat is a verb which means “to talk casually”； but in French, the word chat is the word for an animal: a cat.If an English speaker says someone is jolly, that means they are cheerful or friendl
6、y. But in French, jolie means someone is goodlooking or pleasant to look at. In any case, both are nice things to say to someone.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了英语中存在大量法语词汇的现象，并举例说明英语中的法语单词与其在法语中的不同含义。1What language did the upper class speak in Britain of Norman times?AEnglish.BFrench.CBoth English and French.DS
7、ome unknown language.答案：B细节理解题。根据第一段中的“During the Norman occupation, French became the language of Englands rulers and wealthy class.”可知，诺曼时代英国的上层阶级说法语。故选B。2What does college mean in French?AThe teenager time.BUniversity in French.CMiddle school in English.DUniversity in common sense.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段
8、中的“However, in French, college actually means middle school”可知，“college”在法语里的意思是“中学”。故选C。3What is the text mainly about?AComparison between two languages.BDifficulty in grasping English.CFrench words in English.DDevelopment of English.答案：C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句“You may be surprised to learn that English get
9、s 30 to 45 percent of its words from French.”和第二段第一句“Over time, the two languages combined and shared words. Some researchers believe that about 10,000 French words eventually entered the English language.”可知，本文讲述的是“英语中的法语单词”。故选C。【词汇积累】occupation n. 占领；侵占combine v. (使)结合，组合casually adv. 随意地cheerful
10、adj. 快乐的；高兴的；令人愉快的【难句分析】原文：However, although English took many French words, their meanings have not always stayed the same.然而，尽管英语吸收了许多法语单词，它们的意思却并不总是相同的。(第二段第三句)分析：本句为主从复合句。although引导让步状语从句。B(2018全国卷)Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been le
11、ss coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by huntergatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke
12、 perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nationstate and the spread of universal compuls
13、ory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these
14、languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,
15、200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), with only a few el
16、derly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150). Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a questionmark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少的
17、现象及其原因。4What can we infer about languages in huntergatherer times?AThey developed very fast.BThey were large in number.CThey had similar patterns. DThey were closely connected.答案：B推理判断题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，当人类社会处在原始社会，人们以狩猎为生时，小而联系紧密的群落形成了他们彼此之间独立的语言模式。当世界上的人口数量在五百万到一千万时，语言种类达到了12,000种。由此推知，当时的语言种类很多。故选B。5
18、Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in Paragraph 2?AComplex. BAdvanced.CPowerful. DModern.答案：C词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over”可知，英语、西班牙语和汉语越来越占据统治地位。由此推知，dominant意为“占优势的；强大的”。故选C。6How many languages are spoken
19、by less than 6,000 people at present?AAbout 6,800. BAbout 3,400.CAbout 2,400. DAbout 1,200.答案：B细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At present, the world has about 6,800 languages.”和“The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.”可知，目前世
20、界上大约有6,800种语言，但是讲的人数少于6,000人的占一半，即3,400。故选B。7What is the main idea of the text?ANew languages will be created.BPeoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.CHuman development results in fewer languages.DGeography determines language evolution.答案：C主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和第二段第二句可知，本文所讲的主要内容为随着时代的发展，语言在逐渐消失和减少
21、。故选C。【词汇积累】independent adj. 独立的industrialisation n. 工业化increasingly adv. 越来越多地；渐增地take over 接管；接收【难句分析】原文：The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. 一般的规律是，气候温和地区的语言相对较少，通常由许多人使用；而炎热、潮
22、湿地区的语言较多，通常由少数人使用。(第三段第三句)分析：本句为主从复合句。that引导表语从句，从句中while连接两个并列分句，前后表对比。C(2019湖南省长沙市第一中学高三第一次月考)People speak English in different parts of the world. The same words can be used in different ways, depending on where you live. People can also have completely different ways of saying the same thing.The
23、 Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the language.Last year, the OED, BBC Radio and the Forward Arts Foundation teamed up to find local words in the
24、 United Kingdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. One was “cuddy wifter”， which means a lefthanded person.Now, the OED is widening its search to English speakers around the world. Eleanor Maier, an editor at OED, said the response has been great.
25、 Editors are listing a bunch of suggestions to include in the dictionary.These include Hawaiis “hammajang”， which means “in a disorderly state”. Another is the word for a swimming costume, “dookers” or “duckers”. It is used in Scotland.The OED also might include the word “frogdrowner”， which America
26、ns might use to describe a downpour of rain. Another possibility is “brick”. It means “very cold” to people in New Jersey and New York City.The dictionary has already found that, depending on location, a picture hanging off center might be described as “agley”. It might also be called “catawampous”
27、or “ahoo”“The OED aims to cover all types of English，” Maier said. That includes scientific words, slang and regional language. Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OEDs editors to identify regional words. The terms are more often spoken than written down.“The appeal is called Words Wher
28、e You Are. It is looking for more suggestions. We were surprised and pleased by the number of regional words we were able to include，” said Maier.篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。为了扩大牛津词典语言的记录，它将收录更多来自世界各地的地域性词汇。8Whats the closest in meaning to “Freezing”？AHammajang.BDookers.CBrick.DAhoo.答案：C推理判断题。根据第六段最后两句“Another po
29、ssibility is brick. It means very cold to people in New Jersey and New York City.”可知，“Freezing (极冷的)”的意思和brick意思最接近。故选C。9Which local word of the following is most likely from regions of the United Kingdom?AAgley.BFrogdrowner.CCuddy wifter.DBrick.答案：C细节理解题。根据第三段“. to find local words in the United Ki
30、ngdom. It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. One was cuddy wifter， which means a lefthanded person.”可知，cuddy wifter最有可能来自英国地区。故选C。10What can be inferred from the passage?AIt is challenging to create a complete collection of regional words.BPeople are
31、not committed to responding to the appeal for regional words.CPeople use regional words only when they are home or with close friends.DHaving an understanding of regional words can be helpful when communicating.答案：A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第三句“Maier also said that it can be difficult for the OEDs editors to ide
32、ntify regional words.”可知，创建一个完整的地域性词汇集合是很有挑战性的。故选A。11Whats the main idea of the passage?AIts time to trace the source of local words.BThe same English words can be used to say different things.COxford Dictionary aims to enlarge its collection to appeal to locals.DOxford Dictionary will include more
33、regional words from around the globe.答案：D主旨大意题。根据第二段“The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is asking the public to help it add new words. Editors want to find the regional differences in English around the world. They want to expand its record of the language.”可推断，文章围绕牛津词典将收录更多来自世界各地的地域性词汇展开。故选D。【词汇积累
34、】regional adj. 地区的expand v. 扩大，增加a bunch of 一群；一堆identify v. 确认；认出；鉴定【难句分析】原文：It resulted in more than 100 regional words and phrases being added to the dictionary. 结果该词典收录了100多个地域性词汇和短语。(第三段第二句)分析：本句为简单句。being added to the dictionary为动名词短语作宾语补足语。.语法填空(2020合肥市高三调研性检测)A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cul
35、tures TogetherWhen Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in _1_ (celebrate). Kambugu, who works for the Standard Chartered Bank (StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86,000 employees around the world who had attempted _2_ (take) part in
36、 a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative (“一带一路”倡议) is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his coworkers in StanCharts offices around the world visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes, _3_ helped them understand the initiative better.K
37、ambugu _4_ (witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for _5_ better in East Africa so far. “The MombasaNairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20,000 jobs for local people in Kenya，” he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said _6_
38、she had seen during her journey impressed _7_ (she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it _8_ (fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.“By running together, we run further，” added Therese Neo, a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it,
39、 the countries _9_ (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the _10_ (runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.1_2._3._4._5_6._7._8._9_10._篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文。为领略“一带一路”倡议的发展，银行职员Herman Kambugu和他的同事参加了穿越“一带一路”沿途国家的接力赛。通过这项活动，他们深刻体会到“一带一路”倡议让参与国人民的生活更美好。1celebration考查词
40、性转换。介词后常接名词或动名词，介词in后应填名词celebration。该句意为：他跑了32公里以示祝贺。2to take考查非谓语动词。attempt to do sth.为固定用法，意为“尝试做某事”。3which考查定语从句的引导词。分析该句结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词为设空前的整个主句，故用which引导该定语从句。4has witnessed考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“so far”可知，该句应用现在完成时；由该句主语Kambugu可知，主语为第三人称单数，故谓语动词用单数形式。5. the考查冠词。此处表示使生活变得更好，
41、for the better “好转，向好的方向发展”为固定搭配，故用定冠词the。6what考查主语从句的连接词。分析该句结构可知，设空处引导主语从句，作主语从句中had seen的宾语，表示“的事物”，故用what引导该主语从句，表示“她所看到的”。7. her考查代词。设空处作及物动词impressed的宾语，故用宾格代词her。8more fluently考查副词的比较级。根据该句中的“than”可知，设空处用其比较级，修饰动词spoke，故填more fluently。9participating考查非谓语动词。分析该句结构可知，the countries和动词participate之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式作后置定语。10runners考查名词。runner为可数名词，又主语the countries为复数，故此处表示多个奔跑者，应用复数形式。
