1、Reading Comprehension课改下的高考，主要考查考生的语言运用能力，即使用英语进行交际的能力。交际能力主要包括口头交际和书面交际，即听说读写，其中以篇章为载体，考查考生的读写能力是高考试题中的主要内容。阅读理解考查的要求是：文章的主旨大意(main idea)文章的具体细节(specific details)文章的篇章结构(passage structure)猜测生词的词义(word meanings)作者的观点态度(attitudes/opinions)简单的推理判断(judgments and inference)Reading ComprehensionHow to ge
2、t the main idea?主旨归纳题Question forms:Usual types:Commonsentencepatterns大意类：The main idea of the passage is.What is the passage mainly about?标题类：Whats the best title/headline for the passage?The best title for the passage might be.作者意图类：Whats the writers purpose in writing the passage？The authors purp
3、ose of writing this passage is Please keep in mind,Practice makes perfect!Have a try!Guess the main idea of each passage quickly!Passage1Today the problem of environment has become more and more serious.The world population is rising so quickly that the world has become too crowded.We are using up o
4、ur natural resources too quickly and at the same time we are polluting our environment with dangerous chemicals.If we continue to do this,human life on earth will not survive.(30seconds)The main idea of this passage is _ A.serious environment problem B.human life on earth will not survive C.natural
5、resources is running out D.dangerous chemicals Passage2 A human body appears to be rather soft and delicate,compared with that of a wild animal,but it is actually surprisingly strong.In deed,its very softness and looseness is an advantage;it makes man good at moving about movement of all living thin
6、gs of his own size,because he can do so many different things with his limbs.Mans games show how he can control his own body.No other land creature can swim as skillfully as man;more has such varied grace;very few lives as long as he;none is so strong in its natural resistance to disease.Therefore m
7、an has a great advantage in his battle against the risks of damage and death that threaten him.（1minute）What is the topic sentence?Passage3 If you were planning to buy a television set,the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention:“Color TV.Only$79.Two days sale.Hurry.”However,when
8、 you go to the store ready to buy,you may discover that they are sold out.But the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model.A much better set which is“just right for you”It costs$395.This sales method is called“bait and switch”.Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement,and the
9、n they are switched to another more expensive one.(1.5minute)The paragraph could be entitled _.A.Buying A TV Set B.A Selling Method C.Buyer Be Ware D.TV Set on Sale This sales method is called“bait and switch”.passage4Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity.But,it is often the
10、 belief of others that gives us the courage to try.J.K.Rowling,author of the Harry Potter book series,began writing at age 6.In her biography,.became the first person to encourage her and help build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer.Now with seven books that have sold nearl
11、y 400 million copies in 64 languages,J.K.Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history.And it all began with her commitment to writing that was fostered by the confidence of a friend!The text mainly tells us.A.hardship makes a good novelistB.the courage to try is a special abilityC.you can have
12、 a wonderful idea everywhereD.encouragement contributes to ones successdetailPassage 5Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation.He trans-ferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and,later,Boston College provide
13、d him with an excellent legal back-ground.He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami,Florida.(2minute)The main idea of this paragraph is that _.A.Tom had studied at Paris and moved to another university.B.Tom became a lawyer after his graduation from College.C.Tom was an excellent student at Berl
14、in university.D.Tom received an excellent education.detaildetailTypes of Paragraph StructuresTypesThe position of the topic sentenceInformation wordsAt the beginningAt the endIn the middleNo clear topic sentencefor exampleso,therefore,What should we pay attention to?1.One swallow does not make a sum
15、mer.2.Transitional expressions:but,yet,however,although,in spite of,by contrast,on the contraryHow to tell the wrong choices?1、以偏概全，故意片面地理解文章，把文章中出现过的某一个观点当成整篇文章的主题。2、放大或缩小文章的主题，把文章的主题进行放大或者缩小。3、偷换概念，把文章主题换成相关但不同的主题。Common question patterns:1.The underlined word 1.The underlined word is closest in m
16、eaning to the is closest in meaning to the wordword?(2011?(2011广东等广东等)2.We can 2.We can learn from the underlined part thatlearn from the underlined part that(06(06辽宁辽宁)3.The underlined word”it”in paragraph 3.The underlined word”it”in paragraph refers torefers to (2011(2011 湖南、福建等）湖南、福建等）4.By saying
17、,the author 4.By saying,the author means to say thatmeans to say that (2011 (2011 浙江）浙江）5.The underlined sentence in paragraph 5.The underlined sentence in paragraph impliesimplies (2011(2011江西、天津等）江西、天津等）How do we guess the meanings of new words in context?例1.The herdsman,who looks after sheep,earn
18、s about 650 yuan a year.2.It will be very hard but also very brittle that is,it will break easily.A easily broken B hot inside C very hard D expensive牧羊人that isRule1:to use _definition/explanationSignal words:is,is called,be defined as,like,the same as,refer to,such,such as,like,for example/instance
19、,especially,includeGuess the meaningRule2:to use_例1.Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.2.Most women in Ghana-the educated and illiterate,the urban and rural,the young and old-work to earn an income in addition to maintaining the
20、ir roles as housewives and mothers.harmfulalsoharmfulnot educated1.coordination(并列)Signal words:and,or,also,that is to say,in other wordsandguess the meaning例3.There are charges for prescription and dental care but many people,such as children,pregnant women,pensioners,and those on Income Support,ar
21、e exempt from payment.What does the underlined word“exempt”probably mean?A.suffering B.different C.prevented D.freebutcharges parison or contrastRule2:to use_4.She is usually prompt for all her class,but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.Signal words:but,however,yet,or,otherwise,whi
22、le,though,on one handon the other hand,rather than,instead ofpunctualRule2:to use_logical relationships例5.Hes such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade.6.The teacher did not hear the knock at the doorbecause he was completely engrossed in his reading.smart/sharpsuchthatSignal wor
23、ds:absorbed/devoted3.cause and effectbecause,since,as,for,so,therefore,sothat,suchthat,thusGuess the meaning of the underlined word.Rule3:to use _(2010江苏A)Some family names were made by adding something to the fathers name.English-speaking people added s or son.The Johnsons are descendants of John;t
24、he Roberts familys ancestor was Robert.A.later generations B.friends and relativesC.colleagues and partners D.later sponsors2)European countries,for the present,are deeply mired in economic troubles.It is reported that their economic future looks uncertain and dark.A.trapped B.absorbed C.engaged D.i
25、nterestedcontextRule 4:to use _(1)When he reached the place with his army,he When he reached the place with his army,he found an found an imimpasspassableable river in front of him.river in front of him.incapable of being passed(2)He fell into a ditch and lay there,semiconscious,for a few minutes.pa
26、rtially conscious word formationRule 5:to use common sense and experience1)The sound of water gently lapping against the side of the boat during the silent night was very pleasant.tapping拍打2)Rainforests like the Amazon are important for mopping up CO2 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global 2
27、 from the atmosphere and helping to slow global warming.warming.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.The phrase“mopping up”in the paragraph means_.A.cleaning up B.taking in A.cleaning up B.taking in C.wiping out D.giving out C.wiping out D.giving outRule 1:to use _/explanationRule 2:to use
28、_ relationshipsRule 3:to use _Rule 4:to use word _Rule 5:to use _ _/experiencedefinitionlogicalcommon senseformationcontextconsolidation1.Clogged blood vessels can be cleaned out,and broken ones mended or replaced.What is the meaning of the underlined word“Clogged”?A.Broken B.Blocked C.Removed D.Rep
29、aired 2.The low test score,they think,will make it impossible for them to get into a good college.And without a degree from a prestigious university,they fear that many of lifes doors will remain forever closed.good3.Years of rapid economic growth has taken a toll on Chinas environment,with Beijing
30、trying to remove some of the damage now.It has an annual growth target of 7percent for the next five years,well down from last years10 percent.The underlined phrases“take a toll on”in the sixth paragraph means_.A.look forward to B.paid attention to C.caused damage to D.attached importance to 4.Collins decided that she must go,although the hazards of the trip were many,for example,the unbearable heat,the possibility of getting lostdanger5.On the farm they mainly raise poultry chickens,ducks and geese,both for their eggs and their meat.家禽Thank you for joining us!Bye-bye!
