1、Period 3 Grammar记忆有方直接引语和间接引语(一)直接引述别人的原话叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用加引号。一、把直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意以下变化:1主句谓语动词的变化(1)直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时,主句的谓语动词部分said to sb.要变为told sb.。(2)直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时,主句的谓语动词said要变为asked。2从句语序的变化直接引语是一般疑问句或特殊疑问句时,变为间接引语要把疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。3从句时态的变化主句的谓语动词是
2、过去时,变为间接引语一般应将直接引语的时态作如下变化:一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时4从句人称的变化直接引语变为间接引语时,需要根据主句对从句中的代词作相应的变化。(1)直接引语是第一人称时,变为间接引语代词要和主句的主语的人称一致。(2)直接引语是第二人称时,变为间接引语代词要和主句的宾语的人称一致。(3)直接引语是第三人称时,变为间接引语代词的人称不变。5从句时间状语的变化(1)与现在有关的时间状语now现在then当时,那时today今天that day那天tonight今晚that night那天
3、晚上this morning今天早上that morning那天早上(2)与将来有关的时间状语tomorrow明天the next(following)day第二天next week下周the next week第二周the day after tomorrow后天in two days time/two days later两天后(3)与过去有关的时间状语yesterday昨天the day before前一天last night昨晚the night before前一晚last week上周the week before前一周6指示代词和动词的变化this这that那 these这些tho
4、se那些come来go去bring带来take拿走7地点副词的变化here这里there那里二、把直接引语变为间接引语时,还应注意以下特殊情况:1句型变化的特殊情况(1)直接引语为陈述句时,下列情况中的that不可省略:当宾语从句作直接宾语时当宾语从句置于主句状语之后时当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并列时,仅能省略第一个that,其余的不可省略(2)直接引语为一般(或反意)疑问句时,变为间接引语时,宾语从句由whether或if引导。在大多数情况下,whether与if可以互换。但当后面有or not或是放在不定式前面或介词后面作连接词时,一般用whether。选择疑问句只能用whether。(3
5、)直接引语是祈使句时,常变为ask/tell/order sb.todo sth.句型。若是以lets开头的祈使句,则通常变为suggest doing或suggestthat从句。2时态变化的特殊情况(1)若直接引语表示客观真理、习惯性动作、谚语等时,则仍用一般现在时。(2)should,would,could,ought to,must,had better,would rather等情态动词用于间接引语时保持不变。(3)直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语时,变间接引语时态不变。【链接训练】Could you tell me _?Awhat your name wasBwhat is y
6、our nameCwhat your name isDhow is your friend【解析】宾语从句应使用陈述语序,且主句中的could不表过去时态,而是表委婉语气。【答案】CShe told Tom _ make the same mistake again.Ahe cant Bdont toCto not Dnot to【解析】tell sb.not to do sth.是tell sb.to do sth.的否定形式。【答案】DAfter the examination,my teacher told me that failure _ the mother of success.
7、Awas Bis Cbe Dbeen【解析】表示“真理,事实,谚语”的直接引语变为间接引语时,时态不变,通常为一般现在时。【答案】BMy students asked me _ I would go to Beijing by air the next year.Athat if Bthat whetherCif Dhow【解析】主从句中仅有一个从句,that,if/whether都是连接词,不能并用,可排除A、B项。又因为句中的by air已明确说出了方式,所以也不用how,可排除D,此处if引导宾语从句。【答案】CI didnt tell him _.Ahow long I have ma
8、rriedBwhen I had been marriedChow long I had marriedDwhen I got married【解析】因为marry是短暂动词,所以选项A、C表述错误。又因为when引导的从句变间接引语时,从句的时态不变,不需要改为过去完成时,所以选D。【答案】D6.-He said,“Whats the matter?”-He asked _.A.what the matter is B.what the matter wasC.what is the matter D.what was the matter 7.I cant imagine _when they received these nice Christmas presents.A.how they were excited B.how excited they were C.how excited were they D.how they were how excited8.He asked _for the computer.A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid