1、语法专题突破专题一 冠词与代词随堂巩固-3-基础考法能力考法考法1考查冠词的基本用法1.冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)和定冠词(the)。不定冠词用在首次提到的或不限定的单数可数名词前表泛指;定冠词用在上文提到的人或物前,或是被限制性修饰语加以限定的人或物前,也可用在表示双方所默认的特定的人或物的名词前表特指。在名词前使用不定冠词时需注意:a用于以辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单词前;an用于以元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单词前。随堂巩固-4-基础考法能力考法【典型例题1】(2020全国卷改编)As I grew older and became a mother,the library to
2、ok on a new place and added meaning in my life.解析:added为以元音音素开头的单词,其前应用不定冠词an。考法总结看到added,不难想到它是以元音音素开头的单词,其前用an。【典型例题2】(2019全国卷改编)Of nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six are stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.解析:考查冠词。该空后为名词成分,根据语境及空格前的of可知存在限定范围,故填th
3、e。随堂巩固-5-基础考法能力考法【典型例题3】(2019全国卷改编)When we got a call saying she was short-listed,we thought it was joke.解析:考查冠词。joke是单数可数名词,根据句意可知此处是泛指,所以填a。【典型例题4】(2016全国卷)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for while,exercising,or doing something you enjoy.解析:句意:你可以出去一会儿,通过锻炼或做些你喜欢做的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到
4、休息。for a while意为“一会儿”,为固定搭配,故填a。考法总结冠词的考查常在具体的语境中进行,解题时要注意其所修饰名词的具体含义,比如,本题空格后的while意为“(一段)时间”,不是用作连词。随堂巩固-6-基础考法能力考法2.通常情况下,形容词比较级前不用冠词;形容词最高级前用定冠词;序数词前用定冠词。另外,表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前用定冠词the也是考查热点。【典型例题5】(2015课标全国卷)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)built by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired b
5、y even most modern of architects and engineers.解析:句意:由美国西南部的普韦布洛印第安人建造的土坯房甚至受到了(当今世界上)最前卫的建筑师和工程师的青睐。根据句意和空后的最高级标志词可知此处填定冠词the。考法总结most用于构成最高级,故其前应用定冠词the。随堂巩固-7-基础考法能力考法考法2考查习惯用语或固定搭配中的冠词冠词的习惯用语及固定搭配是高考语篇填空的常考点。语篇填空主要考查惯用搭配中的冠词。常考查的固定短语有as a result,in fact,in a way,at a loss,give sb a hand,on the o
6、ther hand等。【典型例题6】(2017全国卷)As result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.解析:考查冠词。固定短语as a result“结果”。考法总结as a result为固定短语,表示结果。随堂巩固-8-基础考法能力考法两步法1.判断设空后的名词是可数名词还是不可数名词。若是可数名词,要判断其是单数还是复数。2.根据语境或语法结构确定是泛指还是特指。复数名词或不可数名词表泛指时,其前不加任何冠词;单数可数名词表泛指时其前需要加不定冠词,表特指要用定冠词the。【
7、典型例题】(2020山东卷改编)However,her children have learned important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.解析:句意:然而,她的孩子们在见证母亲获得学位的过程中学到了重要的一课。lesson为可数名词,表泛指,且important为以元音音素开头的单词,故用不定冠词an。随堂巩固-9-基础考法能力考法考法1考查人称代词、物主代词及反身代词的用法语篇填空中会考查人称代词、物主代词及反身代词,主要考查人称代词主格和宾格的正确使用以及代词指代一致。解题时要理清行文逻辑和句子成分,避免人称代词的
8、主格和宾格混用或指代不一致。【典型例题1】(2016全国卷)On my recent visit,I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by(it)mother.解析:此处修饰名词mother,做定语,应用形容词性物主代词,故填its。考法总结根据所缺成分可以确定应填词的词性。随堂巩固-10-基础考法能力考法考法2考查it的用法对于it的考查主要有以下两个方面:(1)it做替代词。高考通常考查it的替代功能,如指天气、时间等,也可以指代前面提到过的具体事件以及上文提到的同一个事物。【典型例题2】(2017全国卷)
9、However,the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months,more than 25,000 people were using every day.解析:考查代词。在六个月内超过25,000人每天都在使用它。此处指代的是前面的the railway,故要用it。考法总结此处应与上文主语一致,为避免重复,应用it代替。随堂巩固-11-基础考法能力考法(2)it做形式主语和形式宾语的句型及强调句型。【典型例题3】(2020全国卷改编)is traditional to bring a gift to
10、 a housewarming party.解析:句意:在乔迁宴会上带礼物是传统的。根据句意可知,本句真正的主语是动词不定式短语,故用It做形式主语,把真正的主语后置。考法总结根据固定结构“It+be+adj.+to do sth.”可知用It。随堂巩固-12-基础考法能力考法考法3考查不定代词的用法对不定代词的考查集中在其指代的范围上,故解题时一定要明确其所指代的对象。另外要准确区分易混的不定代词。重点掌握下列几组易混词或短语的用法区别:(1)another,other,the other,others,the others(2)all,both,either,neither,none,ea
11、ch,every(3)many,much(4)few,a few,little,a little(5)some,any随堂巩固-13-基础考法能力考法【典型例题4】(2020天津卷改编)For those who hunger for peace and quiet,sound can now create silence.解析:句意:对于那些渴望和平与宁静的人来说,声音现在可以创造寂静。some可修饰不可数名词,用在肯定句中,故此处用some合适。【典型例题5】(2020山东卷改编)As the author explains,this is a travel nor a history b
12、ook,or even a piece of reportage.解析:句意:正如作者所解释的,这既不是旅行用书,也不是历史书,甚至也算不上一篇报告文学。由后面的nor可知,此处用neither,neither.nor.意为“既不也不”。考法总结neither.nor.为固定搭配,看到后面的nor可想到前面可能填neither。随堂巩固-14-基础考法能力考法考法1通过句子成分确定填什么代词分析句子成分,如果句中缺主语,则可能填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it;如果缺宾语,则可能填人称代词宾格;如果宾语与主语是指同一人,则应用反身代词。【典型例题1】On my desk is a pho
13、to that my father took ofwhen I was a baby.解析:设空处做介词of的宾语,应用人称代词宾格;再结合句意“我的桌子上有一张我小时候父亲为我拍的照片”可知填me。随堂巩固-15-基础考法能力考法考法2通过句式结构判断是否填it根据句式结构,判断句子是否为it的特殊句式,即it做形式主语、形式宾语或用在强调句式中。【典型例题2】(2014陕西卷改编)Id appreciate if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.解析:句意:如果你能提前告知我你是否会来,我将不胜感激
14、。Idappreciate it if.为固定句型,意为“如果,我将不胜感激”。it在该句型中做形式宾语,指代下文if从句的内容。故答案为it。随堂巩固-16-.单句语法填空1.(2019安徽定远高三模考)He is going to visituniversity which is located in the west of USA.2.My parents had moved to England from India during 1970s.3.The X-rays you get at doctors or dentists are not enough to cause canc
15、er.4.I dont remember the first two operations very well,but I do recallthird.5.Girls,who always spend money on clothes,should keep eye open for discounts.a the the an the 随堂巩固-17-6.(2019天津卷改编)A study shows students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.7.numbe
16、r of these results on why this kind of bird cant fly are extremely interesting.8.Since thenfor all these yearswe have been allowing tomatoes to self-seed where they please.As result,the plants are growing everywhere.9.The young may need more sleep than old,but usually eight hours are enough for the
17、health of grown-ups.10.Mr Smith asked you to repeat phone number second time so that he could set it down.the A a the the a 随堂巩固-18-1.(2019辽宁葫芦岛协作校联考)My brother is a excellent vet,who looks after frightening snakes in the zoo.2.My mother always gave me some advice,but I seldom took them seriously.3.
18、If you miss your sister,you just take out your phone and say“hello”to him.aan themithimher随堂巩固-19-4.I wanted to do anything special for Dr.Johnson at his retirement party.5.Dont allow those comments to weaken you,and turn them into motivation to inspire yourself.anythingsomethingyourselfyou随堂巩固-20-6
19、.Dolphins are thought to be intelligent animals because of its quick ability to learn.itstheir7.Sometimes we may find difficult to follow the teacher and some slow learners may even give up learning English.8.How do you like our club?Im looking forward to early reply.find后加itto后加your随堂巩固-21-9.Id lik
20、e to introduce Sarah to you.She is a good friend of me.memine10.But after the test,all Bob and Mary were called to the teachersoffice.allboth随堂巩固-22-As a single mom,it is often hard for me to provide those little“extras”my children seem to want.About four weeks ago,my 11-year-old son came home from
21、school and 1.(excite)said that the musical instrument he had made from 2.(recycle)products was chosen to be sent to the NYS Green Nation Recycling Competition in Albany.There was a note 3.his teacher informing that my son 4.(invite)to attend the competition but the parents were expected to pay for t
22、heir children.My son was excited,5.I felt helpless.I didnt have that kind of money.6.was going to cost$300!excitedlyrecycledfromwas invitedbutIt随堂巩固-23-Well,my son 7.(immediate)began to do part-time jobs so he could earn some money for the trip,and I began to work as much as I could 8.(put)a bit ext
23、ra in as well.We prayed every night that somehow we would raise the money for him to attend the competition.At last,we got 9.telephone call from the Deputy Sheriffs Association in our area,and much to our 10.(amaze),this wonderful group of men and women would come together to sponsor my son,so he could attend this event!My son is truly blessed.immediatelyto putaamazement
