1、山东省章丘市2015高考英语阅读理解一轮训练（1）及答案阅读理解。 I hated dinner parties. But I decided to give them another shot because Im in London. And my friend Mallery invited me. And because dinner parties in London are very different from those back in New York. There, Im having a dinner party means: Im booking a table for
2、 12 at a restaurant you cant afford and well be sharing the checque evenly, no matter what you eat. Worse, in Manhattan there is always someone who leaves before the bill arrives. Theyll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who dont drink, end up paying even more. But if
3、I try to use the same trick, the hostess will shout: Where are you going? And its not like I can say I have somewhere to go: everyone know I have nowhere to go. But in London, dinner parties are in peoples homes. Not only that，the guests are an interesting mix. The last time I went to one, the guest
4、s were from France, India. Denmark and Nigeria; it was like a gathering at the United Nations in New York. The mix is less striking. Its like a gathering at Bloomingdales, a well-known department store. For New Yorkers, talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York. Bu
5、t at Mallerys, when I said that I had been to Myanmar recently, people knew where it was. In New York people would think it was a usual new club ( ) 1. What does the word shot in Paragraph 1 probably mean? A. Choice. B. Try C. Style. D. Goal ( ) 2. What does the writer dislike most about dinner part
6、ies in New York? A There is a strange mix of people. B. The restaurants are expensive. C. The bill is not fairly shared. D. People have to pay cash ( ) 3. What does the author think of the parties in London? A. A bit unusual B. Full of tricks. C. Less costly. D More interesting. ( ) 4. What is the a
7、uthors opinion of some New Yorkers from her experience? A. Easy-going. B. Self-centered. C. Generous. D. Conservative. 1. B.词义猜测题.从第一句的 hate,到 but 意义上的转折,说明尽管不喜欢,还是要尝 试一下,所以 try 的意思更接近 shot. 2. C.细节理解题.根据第一段中 Theyll throw down cash, half of what they owe, and then people like me, who dont drink, end
8、 up paying even more.可知类似作者这样的人在纽约吃饭 吃亏,因为付钱多. 3. D. 推理判断题.根据第二段和其中的句子 Not only that, the guests are an interesting mix. 可以推断伦敦的 party 要比纽约的有趣. 4. B.推理判断题.从最后一段的 talking about other parts of the world means Brooklyn and Queens in New York.和 In New York people would think it was a usual new club 可以推断
9、,作 者对一些纽约人的看法,是以自我为中心的. 阅读理解课堂练学案Passage Sixteen (Crime in Computer) New and bizarre crimes have come into being with the advent of computer technology. Organized crime to has been directly involved; the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, proper
10、ty-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes Theft of data, or data crime, has attracted the interest of organized criminal syndicates. This is usually the theft or copying of valuable computer grogram.
11、An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market. Buyers for stolen programs may range from a firms competitors to foreign nations. A competitor sabotages a companys computer system to des
12、troy or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector. This computer sabotage may also be tied to an attempt by affluent investors to acquire the victim firm. With the growing reliance by firms on computers for thei
13、r recordkeeping and daily operations, sabotage of their computers can result in internal havoc, after which the group interested in acquiring the firm can easily buy it at a substantially lower price. Criminal groups could also resort to sabotage if the company is a competitor of a business owned or
14、 controlled by organized crime. Politically motivated sabotage is on the increase; political extremist groups have sprouted on every continent. Sophisticated computer technology arms these groups with awesome powers and opens technologically advanced nations to their attack. Several attempts have al
15、ready been made to destroy computer facility at an air force base. A university computer facility involved in national defence work suffered more than $2 million in damages as a result of a bombing. Computer vulnerability has been amply documented. One congressional study concluded that neither gove
16、rnment nor private computer systems are adequately protected against sabotage. Organized criminal syndicates have shown their willingness to work with politically motivated groups. Investigators have uncovered evidence of cooperation between criminal groups and foreign governments in narcotics. Crim
17、inal groups have taken attempts in assassinating political leaders. Computers are used in hospital life-support system, in laboratories, and in major surgery. Criminals could easily turn these computers into tools of devastation. By sabotaging the computer of a life-support system, criminals could k
18、ill an individual as easily as they had used a gun. By manipulating a computer, they could guide awesome tools of terror against large urban centers. Cities and nations could become hostages. Homicide could take a now form. The computer may become the hit man of the twentieth century. The computer o
19、pens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences. Although
20、 criminals have adapted to computer technology, law enforcement has not. Many still think in terms of traditional criminology.1. How many kinds of crimes are mentioned in the passage?A. 7. . 8. C. 9. D. 102. What is the purpose of a competitor to sabotage a companys computer?A. His purpose is to des
21、troy or weaken the firms operational ability. His purpose is to weaken firms competitive capability and get it.C. His purpose is to buy the rivals company at a relatively low price.D. His purpose is to steal important data.3. Which of the following can be labeled as a politically motivated sabotage
22、of a computer system?A. Sabotage of a university computer. Sabotage of a hospital computer.C. Sabotage of computer at a secret training base.D. Sabotage of a factory computer.4. What does the author mean by “Homicide could take a new form”?A. There is no need to use a gun in killing a person. Crimin
23、als can kill whoever they want by a computer.C. The computer can replace any weapons.D. The function of a computer is just like a gun.Vocabulary1. bizarre 奇怪的2. vandalism 破坏，故意破坏文化，艺术的行为3. cripple 使瘫痪，削弱4. fence 贼市，脏品买卖处5. neutralize 使成为无效6. affluent 富裕的7. recordkeeping 记录存贮8. havoc 浩劫，大破坏9. resort
24、to 求助于，借助于10. motivate 作为的动机，激发11. extremist 过激分子，极端主义分子12. sprout 萌发迅速发展13. awesome 令人惊惧的，引起敬畏的14. vulnerability 易受攻击，脆弱15. devastation 劫持，破坏16. hospital life-support system 医院的生命维持系统17. hit man 职业凶手（杀手）18. pool 集中（资金）合办，入股19. criminology 犯罪学，刑事学难句译注1. Organized crime to has been directly involved;
25、 the new technology offers it unlimited opportunities, such as data crimes, theft of services, property-related crimes, industrial sabotage, politically related sabotage, vandalism, crimes against the individual and financially related crimes结构简析 句子很长，都是简单句，中间有分号隔开，后面是举例。参考译文 有组织犯罪团伙也直接参与：计算机新技术较为犯罪
26、提供了无限的机会，如数据信息犯罪，偷窃服务项目，跟财产有关的犯罪，工业破坏，跟政治有关的破坏，破坏文化艺术，对个人和财经方面的罪行等等。2. An international market already exists for computerized data, and specialized fences are said to be playing a key role in this rapidly expanding criminal market.结构简析 并列句，and 作对比连接词用。参考译文 一个计算机信息的国际市场已经存在，而专门从事脏品交易的市场据说在迅速扩展的犯罪市场中
27、起着关键的作用。3. A competitor sabotages a companys computer system to destroy or cripple the firms operational ability, thus neutralizing its competitive capability either in the private or the government sector.结构简析 主谓宾补结构，后跟thus+从句表示结果。参考译文 竞争对手破坏一个公司的计算机系统为的是摧毁或削弱公司的操作运行能力，从而使其丧失在私人或政府部门中的竞争力。4. The co
28、mputer opens vast areas of crime to organized criminal groups, both national and international. It calls on them to pool their resources and increase their cooperative efforts, because many of these crimes are too complex for one group to handle, especially those requiting a vast network of fences.结
29、构简析 两句话。前一句为主谓宾，后一句为主从句，从句内采用tooto 句型，后跟分词独立结构进一步说明。参考译文 计算机为国内和国际有组织犯罪集团开辟了犯罪的广泛领域。它要求它们集中资源，提高通力协作力量，因为许多犯罪太复杂，一个集团难以驾驭，特别是那些需要巨大的脏品交易时常网络的罪行。写作方法与文章大意文章介绍“计算机犯罪”，采用分类写作手法，先列出种种计算机犯罪项，下面逐一说明。文本只选四种犯罪信息数据偷窃或信息（数据）犯罪，产业破坏，政治破坏，对个人生命破坏。分四段叙述，每段为一种罪行，最后是对比罪犯势力越来越有组织，势力请大，而司法部门却没有准备好。答案祥解1. B. 种，具体罪行。见
30、难句译注。2. B. 他的目的是削弱公司竞争力进而得到它。答案见难句译注及第二段第二句起：“计算机破坏也可以和富裕的投资者欲得到对手的公司的企图相连。随着公司对计算机记录存储的信赖性加强，破坏他们的计算机可以造成内部大破坏。之后，对取得这个公司感性趣的集团很容易在级低价格上买进。”A. 削弱公司运转能力。C. 在相当低的价格上买进对手的公司。这两个选项都只是破坏目的的一个方面。D. 偷窃重要资料，文内没有讲。3. C 破坏秘密训练基础。这可以标以政治目的的破坏计算机。A. 大学B. 医院D. 工厂。这三个地方都难以和政治直接相连，第三段讲的大学是“参与国防保卫工作的大学计算机措施”，和一般大学
31、不一样。只有秘密训练的基地和真正相连的可能性最大，所以选C.4. B. 犯罪可以通过计算机任意杀人。答案在第五段：“犯罪集团曾采取步骤暗杀政治领袖。医院的生命维护系统，实验室，大型外科手术中都用计算机。罪犯们很容易把这些计算机转变成破坏的工具。通过破坏生命维护系统计算机，罪犯们就像用枪一样很容易杀死人。通过控制计算机，他们可以指导这可怖的工具攻击大城市中心。城市和国家都可以成为人质。谋杀具有新的形式，计算机可能成为世纪的事业杀手。”A. 杀人不需要用枪。这话太笼统，不用枪，用什么。用毒药，用刀？C. 计算机可以取代任何武器。D. 计算机的功能就像枪，错误的。【2015高考复习】阅读理解 One
32、 of the most debated issues about alcohol consumption has been the consistent finding that those who dont drink tend to die sooner than those who do.The standard Alcoholics Anonymous explanation for this finding is this：many of those who give up alcohol are actually former hardcore drunks who had al
33、ready brought health problems associated with drinking.But a new paper suggests that abstaining(戒除)from alcohol does tend to increase ones risk of dying，even when you leave former problem drinkers out.The most shocking partabstainers(禁酒者)mortality rates(死亡率)are higher than those of heavy drinkers.Mo
34、derate(适度的)drinking，which is defined as one to three drinks per day，is associated with the lowest mortality rates.Moderate alcohol use is thought to improve heart health，circulation and sociability，which can be important because people who are cut off dont have as many family members and friends who
35、 can notice and help treat health problems.But why would abstaining from alcohol lead to a shorter life？Its true that those who abstain from alcohol tend to be from lower socioeconomic classes，since drinking can be expensive.And people of lower socioeconomic status have more life stressors(压力因素)Thou
36、gh heavy drinking is associated with higher risk for many diseases，heavy_drinkers_are_less_likely_to_die_than_dont_drink.One important reason is that alcohol strengthens social interactions，and social interactions are vital for maintaining mental and physical health.Nondrinkers show greater signs of
37、 depression.The authors of the new paper are careful to note that even if drinking is associated with a longer life，it can be dangerous：it can affect your memory severely and it can lead to falls and other troubles that can affect your life.Theres also the dependency issue：if you become addicted to
38、alcohol，you may spend a long time trying to get off the bottle.16What can we know from the Alcoholics Anonymous explanation and the new paper?AThe former finds that abstainers can live longer than heavy drinkers.BThe former finds that nondrinkers can live longer than heavy drinkers.CThe latter finds
39、 that healthy abstainers can live shorter than heavy drinkers.DThe latter finds that nondrinkers can live shorter than heavy drinkers.答案C细节推理题。由文章第二段的第一句话“即使不算那些之前喝酒后来戒酒的人，不喝酒也确实会导致死亡率升高”可知，C项正确。17Which of the following is the benefit of moderate drinking?AIt helps blood circulation.BIt helps remove
40、 peoples life stressors.CIt reduces peoples association with friends.DIt can save a lot of money.答案A细节理解题。根据文章第三段第二句中的“improve heart health，circulation and sociability”可知，A项正确。18What does the underlined sentence (in Para.5)mean?AHeavy drinkers can live longer if they give up drinking.BHeavy drinkers
41、 can live longer even if they dont give up drinking.CThe mortality rate of heavy drinkers is lower if they dont give up drinking.DThe mortality rate of heavy drinkers will be lower if they give up drinking.答案C句意理解题。该句前面说“尽管重度酗酒者犯很多病的几率很大”，该句接下来的两句是对画线句子的解释，“最重要的原因是饮酒可以加强社交联系，这有助于人们的身心健康。因此不喝酒的人更易抑郁。
42、”由此可推断本句的意思是“重度饮酒者不戒酒时死亡率低。”故选C。19It can be learned from the last paragraph that _.Athe authors of the new paper support drinkingBpeople should start drinking if wanting to live longerCmany people doubt whether drinking is good for health or notDdrinking can do harm to peoples life答案D推理判断题。文章最后一段提到尽
43、管喝酒能够让人长寿，但是喝酒也会给人带来一些危害，“it can be dangerous”是中心词，因此D项正确。【2015高考复习】阅读理解In 2006，Paul Letourneau of Worcester，Mass，lost his parents，his home and his pet dog.And that August，his lifelong mild depression took a turn for the worse as he became suicidal(有自杀倾向的)“I said I didnt want to be alive anymore，”Le
44、tourneau,67，recalled telling his best friend.He and his friend had gone for a walk when Letourneau stopped and asked his friend about ways to die painlessly.His friend advised him to admit himself to a hospital.“When I went back home，physically，I was shaking so muchand emotionally，I couldnt stop，”Le
45、tourneau said，“I knew I had to get help.”For many men，it takes a lot more than feeling down to recognize that they are depressed and then step through the doors of a hospital，or a friends or relatives home to ask for help.Men who are depressed usually refuse to get appropriate treatment，depression e
46、xperts and patients say.“When men get depressed，the depression can be quite severe，”said Dr.lan Cook，professor of psychiatry at the Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA.“The challenge is getting men to acknowledge that theyre depressed.”Depression affects about 15 million people in the United States，ac
47、cording to the National Institutes of Mental Health，and men get depressed about half as often as women.“Its unclear how much of this is a reporting bias，”Cook said.“The stigma(耻辱)issues are somewhat different for men than they are for women.”“Men intend to consider that asking for help is a sign of
48、weakness，but when they cant complete the task of bringing themselves to the Promised Land，they become at risk.” said Steven Lappen，who was once a depression patient.【语篇导读】在美国，大部分男性抑郁症患者由于种种原因不愿让人知道他们的病情，因而不愿求助于他人，甚至不找医生治疗。等他们发现自己无能为力的时候已经晚了。20Which of the following about Paul Letourneau is TRUE?AHe
49、got sick with mild depression in 2006.BHe made a very painful choice before he decided to go to the hospital.CHe became suicidal because his depression was too hard to cure.DHe didnt commit suicide because his friend didnt tell him a painless way.答案B细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，Letourneau在做出去看医生的决定时，身心都遭受着痛苦。21Wh
50、at does the author mainly want to tell us through Paragraph 5?AIt takes men patients a lot of money to treat their disease.BMany men patients recognize their disease but refuse to see a doctor.CMen patients would rather get help from doctors than friends or relatives.DMany men patients feel down and
51、 refuse to let others know about their disease.答案D段落大意题。本段主要是说很多男性抑郁症患者不但会感到消沉，而且他们不愿承认自己患了抑郁症，也不愿意求助医生和朋友。22How many women are suffering from depression in the US.according to the passage?AAbout 5 million. BAbout 7.5 million.CAbout 10 million. DAbout 15 million.答案C细节理解题。由第七段内容可知，在美国受抑郁症影响的人有大约一千五百万
52、，而男性患者是女性患者的一半，由此可知患有抑郁症的妇女大约为一千万。23The underlined phrase“Promised Land”in the last paragraph refers to_.Aa state of being mentally healthBa place filled with sufferingsCa place of interestDa state of death答案A指代关系题。由最后一段内容可知，男人会把寻求帮助看成是软弱的表现，但是假如他们在不求人的情况下不能摆脱抑郁症的困扰而恢复健康的话，那就危险了。由此可知答案。24It can be i
53、nferred from the passage that_.Areports about men with depression are usually falseBmen are more likely to become depressed than womenCmost people with depression have lost their relativesDthe actual number of men with depression is larger than reported答案D推理判断题。由第五段和最后一段可知，很多男性抑郁症患者都羞于让人知道他们患病；再根据倒数二、三段可推知，报告中统计的男女抑郁症患者的数字是有偏差的，男性患者的实际数字会高于报告中的数字。
