1、Unit 6Earth firstUsing language现在分词和过去分词作补足语(-ing and-ed as complement)【语用功能】现在分词和过去分词都是非谓语动词,在句中除作状语、定语、表语外,还可作补足语,对主语或宾语作进一步的补充说明。【情境探究】观察上面对话,并完成句子:(1)We found her _.我们发现她正在图书馆读书。(2)He spoke loudly to make himself _.他大声说话让别人听见自己。(3)The classroom was found _.人们发现教室里挤满了人。reading in the libraryheard
2、crowded with people【要义详析】一、宾语补足语某些及物动词不仅需要宾语,而且还要求某个词或词组来补充说明宾语,即表示宾语代表的人或物所发出的动作或所处的状态,这个词或短语称为宾语补足语。1.过去分词作宾语补足语(1)及物动词(短语)的过去分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语是过去分词的逻辑主语,宾语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的被动关系。*When we arrived at the school,we saw the door locked.我们到学校时发现门被锁了。*We saw an old man knocked down by a passing car.我们看见一位老人被飞驰而
3、过的车撞倒了。(2)少数不及物动词(go,change,fall等)的过去分词作宾语补足语时,仅表示动作完成。因此,宾语与过去分词之间不存在逻辑上的被动关系。*I found the leaves fallen two days ago.两天前我发现这些树叶落下来了。*We found our country changed a lot with the reform and open policy.我们发现,改革开放以来,我们的国家变化很大。2.现在分词作宾语补足语 动词的现在分词用作宾语补足语时,宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语,宾语和现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主动关系。*The woman fou
4、nd a beggar lying on the bench.这位女士发现一个乞丐正躺在长凳上。*When I entered the room,I saw him sleeping in bed.当我进入房间时,我看见他正在床上睡觉。常用宾语补足语的动词如下:(1)感官动词(表示感觉和心理状态的动词)(短语),常见的有:see,watch,look at;hear,listen to;feel,notice,observe,find;smell.表示“感受到某人或某事被做”*He didnt notice the thief stealing his wallet.他没有注意到小偷在偷他的钱
5、包。*When he arrived,he found all the work finished.当他到达时,他发现所有的工作都被做完了。(2)表示“意愿,命令”的动词,如 like,want,wish,order,expect 等,可用过去分词作宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be,表示“希望/要求某人或某事被做”。*He didnt want such questions discussed at the meeting.他不想在会上讨论这种问题。*I would like this matter settled at once.我想立刻解决这个问题。(3)使役动词(表示指使意义
6、的动词),常见的有:have,get,make,leave,keep.表示“致使某人/某事被做”*Have you had your hair cut?你剪头发了吗?*I have to get my bike repaired.我不得不去修我的自行车。【即学活用】语法填空(1)I am afraid that I cant make myself _(understand)due to my poor English.(2)You will see this product _(advertise)everywhere.understoodadvertised(3)I could feel
7、the wind _(blow)on my face.(4)The car was found _(trap)in a pool by the side of the road.blowingtrapped二、主语补足语主语补足语,是对句子主语的补充,使得句子更加完整。如果原来含有宾语补足语的句子结构变成被动语态,原宾语成为主语,那么原宾语补足语相应地成为主语补足语。*We saw her entering the room.(宾语补足语)*She was seen entering the room.(主语补足语)1.过去分词作主语补足语过去分词作主语补足语时,主语和过去分词之间存在逻辑上的
8、被动关系。*Her new bike was found stolen by a stranger.她的新自行车被一个陌生人偷走了。*The little boy was seen bitten by a dog.有人看见这个小男孩被狗咬了。2.现在分词作主语补足语现在分词作主语补足语时,主语和现在分词之间为逻辑上的主动关系。*Tony was seen playing computer games in his bedroom.有人看见托尼在他的卧室里玩电脑游戏。*The girls were found singing loudly in their classroom.他们发现女孩们正在教室里大声唱歌。【即学活用】语法填空(1)The baby was found _(take)good care of by the babysitter.(2)Freddie and his friends were seen _(play)basketball in the playground.世纪金榜导学号takenplaying(3)The street was found _(flood)after the storm.(4)The cute dog was seen _(sleep)sound on the noisy street.floodedsleeping
