1、图表类体裁诠释事实数据类报告文体实际上就是图表类作文的写作。图表类作文既要求考生对图表有一定的描述能力,又要求考生能对图表发表议论,是说明文和议论文的写作技巧的综合。描写图表首先要看懂图表,要从众多的数据以及其他信息中看出问题的关键,看出图表所要表达的意思。【写作思路】高考中的图表作文要求考生在对图表中相关数据进行仔细说明、分析、比较的基础上,归纳出数据的增减变量,从而总结出图表所反映的主题、意向、趋势和潜在含义,继而从中推导出合乎逻辑的结论和看法。考生可从以下三个方面着手:1. 开门见山地点明该图表所反映的主题。2. 分析数据间的主要差异及趋势,可采用分类式或对比式,并阐明理由。(1) 写好
2、图表作文的关键是记住一些常用的词和短语。(2) 重点要突出:在行文过程中要注意,不要盲目地引用过多的或全部的表格上的数据,不要做毫无目的、没有主次的数据的堆砌。除了可以直接引用有代表性的关键数字外,应该有目的地进行简单的计算,指出增减的百分比、倍数或绝对数字来。3. 归纳总结或发表看法。【常用语句】1. 常用单词、短语、句式(1) 和图表相关的词table, chart, figure, graph, describe, tell, show, represent等(2) 描述图表变化趋势的词语上升: increase/rise/go up/shoot up下降: decrease/reduc
3、e/come down/decline/drop/fall快: quickly/rapidly/sharply/dramatically慢: slowly/gradually/slightly持续不变:level off/remain steady/remain unchanged(3) 表达比较与对比法常用的句式与词语There are a lot of similarities between.and., .is similar to.,similarly, likewise, in comparison, just like, The difference between.and.lie
4、s in., on the contrary, in contrast, on the other hand(4) 分析原因的词语lead to, result in, cause, be responsible for, account for, contribute to(5) 表示一段时间始末的词组between 1986 and 1990, during/over the period from 1986 to 1990.(6) 常用短语和句型in a word, in short, Its clear from the chart that., We can draw the con
5、clusion that., We can learn/know that.等(7) 常用句型:在表格描述中常用as从句。如:As is shown in., As can be seen from.2. 常用句子(1) According to the figures shown in the table, we can see that great changes have been taking place in peoples diet over the period from 1988 to 1998.(2) We have noted from the graph that the
6、re is a wide gap between the top ten universities both of China and of the world.(3) The graph shows a marked decline in the number of wildlife species compared with that of last century.(4) The production of cotton is twice as much as that of wheat.(5) No increase is shown in 1988; then came a shar
7、p increase of 8 million.(6) The table represents the development and changes in agriculture structure in the past 30 years.(7) By comparison with 1990, it dropped by 15 per cent.(8) It is a traditional practice for young people to be financially dependent on their parents for anything like marriage
8、and housing.(9) My suggestion is that effective measures should be taken to check population growth; otherwise, the potential consequences are unimaginable.(10) It is only if all sides of society take their roles fully that we will achieve the society we want.【写作模板】As is shown in the table (or in th
9、e picture), dropped from in 1994 to in 1996. According to the figures given in the table, has great increased (or decreased) in the past.years (or decades), reaching in 1996. From the table we can also see that there has been a sharp decline (or rise) in.It is clear that.There are at least two good
10、reasons for . For one thing, . Lets have an example to illustrate the great increase in . For another thing, is due to the fact that . In addition, is responsible for . Maybe there are some other reasons to show . But it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.
11、As far as I am concerned, . So my conclusion is that . I am sure my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.观察下表,表中数据显示的是中国空气污染和水体污染的程度等。污染区市民比例67%河流和湖泊污染比例58%违反环保法的案例数20 000内容:1. 描述中国环境污染的现状;2. 说明导致违法案例数量如此巨大的原因。参考词汇:违反violate注意:词数150左右。16分达标范文21分参考范文As is displayed in the table, air and water poll
12、ution has become a serious problem in China. It is shown that 67% of Chinese urban citizens are living in an environment of air pollution and 58% of Chinas lakes and rivers have been polluted. However, it is shocking to find that there are 20,000 violations of environmental law every year in China.
13、Two reasons could account for the large number of law violations. Firstly, some run the risks of being fined due to the dear price of pollution treatment. Secondly, some are ignorant and short-sighted for they only pay attention to the present profits rather than sustainable development in the futur
14、e.It is high time that we did something about it now, such as the development of efficient and low-cost technology for pollution treatment, so that we can still have a comfortable environment to live in tomorrow. As is displayed in the table, air and water pollution has caused many headaches in Chin
15、a. It is shown that 67% of Chinese urban citizens are living in an environment of air pollution and 58% of Chinas lakes and rivers have been polluted. Shockingly,20,000 violations of environmental law every year in China concern the public deeply. Two reasons could account for the large number of la
16、w violations. Firstly, despite the risks of being fined for the high price of pollution treatment, they pursue money like crazy. Secondly, some are ignorant and short-sighted for they only pay attention to the present profits rather than sustainable development in the future.It is high on the agenda
17、 that we should take immediate measures now, such as the development of efficient and low-cost technology for pollution treatment, so that we can still have a comfortable environment to live in tomorrow. 【满分作文词语、句型优化】1. As is displayed in the table, air and water pollution has become a serious probl
18、em in China.【优化1】As is shown in the table, air and water pollution calls for more attention in China.【优化2】As can be seen from the table, air and water pollution has aroused much concern in China.2. It is shown that 67% of Chinese urban citizens are living in an environment of air pollution and 58% o
19、f Chinas lakes and rivers have been polluted.【优化1】It is shown that 67% of Chinese urban citizens are living in an environment of air pollution with 58% of Chinas lakes and rivers being polluted.【优化2】It is shown that 67% of Chinese urban citizens are living in an environment of air pollution, while 5
20、8% of Chinas lakes and rivers have been polluted.【优化3】It is shown that 67% of Chinese city citizens are breathing polluted air, and 58% of Chinas lakes and rivers are being polluted.3. .they only pay attention to the present profits rather than sustainable development in the future.【优化1】.they only g
21、ive priority to the present profits rather than sustainable development in the future.【优化2】.they are only concerned about the present profits instead of sustainable development in the future.【优化3】.they are only concerned about the present profits but think nothing of sustainable development in the f
22、uture.4. It is high time that we did something about it now.【优化1】It is high time that we took effective measures now.【优化2】It is time for us to take forceful measures now.及时训练(一)近来某网站对人们外出旅游的频率和目的进行了一次问卷调查,结果见下图。请根据图表提供的信息用英语写一篇短文,介绍图表所示此次调查结果,并谈谈你自己外出旅游的目的。词数150左右。文章的开头已经给出。Recently an online survey
23、 on travelling has been conducted. In the survey, people are asked about how often and why they travel, and the results are as follows. .【参考范文】Recently an online survey on travelling has been conducted. In the survey, people are asked about how often and why they travel, and the results are as follo
24、ws.Chart 1 shows that 33% of the people often go travelling, the reason for which lies in the fact that they have enough time and money. Nearly half of the people do it now and then, while those who seldom go out to travel account for 21%.As is shown in Chart 2, people travel for different reasons.
25、The largest percentage of people, about 48%, put enjoying beautiful natural scenery in the first place for their travel. Over a quarter of them enjoy learning about culture and customs and 20% prefer to visit places of interest. Also there are a small number of people who travel mainly for shopping.
26、As for me, travelling is not only a good way to relax and enjoy myself but also a chance to broaden my horizons.(二)你校同学进行了一场有关高考英语听力测试的讨论。讨论的主题是:高考英语测试中的听力部分该不该取消?请你根据下表中的提示写一篇短文,介绍讨论的情况。一些同学认为不应该取消另一些同学认为应该取消1. 听是语言的四项基本技能之一,不能忽视。2. 听是获取信息的重要途径之一。3. 国际合作日益增多,听说能力应加强。1. 考试中各地收听效果好坏不一、不公平。2. 英语教师和语音设
27、备城乡差异过大。3. 今后并非人人都要与外国人口头交流。注意:1. 文章的起始句已给出。 2. 词数150左右(不包括已给的起始句)。参考词汇:取消cancel;国际合作international cooperationThe students of our school had a discussion about whether listening test in the National Matriculation English Test should be kept or canceled. 【参考范文】The students of our school had a discuss
28、ion about whether listening test in the National Matriculation English Test should be kept or canceled.Some students think that listening test should not be canceled. They insist listening is among the four basic skills. We therefore cannot ignore it. Besides, listening is one of the important chann
29、els for us to get information from the outside world. So it should be strengthened today when international cooperation is becoming more and more frequent.But others dont agree. They think not everyone has to communicate with foreigners in the future. Moreover, listening test is unfair to the studen
30、ts in the areas where radio signals cannot be picked up effectively. And for certain reasons, there is a big difference in teachers and equipment between the countryside and the city.(三)下图表为近几年中美两国电子商务发展比较及其将来几年的发展趋势。请根据图表信息,以 “E-commerce, an Ever-increasing Trend in China”为题,为某英语报写一篇稿子,内容须包括:1. 图表主
31、要信息(用30个左右英语单词描述)。2. 中国电子商务增长的原因(经济稳步增长,人民收入提高,人口多于美国,网上购物方便)。3. 你的观点(可从保护和规范电子商务市场谈起)。注意:1. 词数150左右。开头已经给出,但不计入总词数。2. 作文中不得提及你所在的学校及本人姓名。参考词汇:网络犯罪cybercrime;网络钓鱼phishingE-commerce, an Ever-increasing Trend in ChinaThe chart shows Chinas e-commerce sales started with only 20 billion USD in 2008, and
32、 【参考范文】E-commerce, an Ever-increasing Trend in ChinaThe chart shows Chinas e-commerce sales started with only 20 billion USD in 2008, and was about 60% of the USs in 2011. However, it surpassed the US in 2013, and is expected to double that of the US in the near future.There are several factors cont
33、ributing to the rapid growth in e-commerce in China. Firstly, even though the world has experienced a serious economic decline, China has enjoyed a steady growth throughout, leading to peoples income increasing continuously. Secondly, China has a much larger population than the US, possessing the la
34、rgest number of netizens in the world. Finally, people find it more convenient to shop online, and are more willing to purchase online than ever before.The speedy e-commerce, I think, is just inevitable. What we should do is to find effective ways to regulate the e-shopping market, improve the quality of e-service and prevent cybercrime like phishing, fraud and cheating, so as to enjoy a healthier and more prosperous e-commerce market in China.
