1、吉林四平市2016高考英语阅读理解（二轮）摸底选练（5）及答案阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。An overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. The body s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald s hamburger. American doctors TV ad features the image which weakens the slightest
2、 of appetites and the line I was lovin it .The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered McDonald s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world s biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is a twist on McDonald s long-standing advertising s
3、logan, Im lovin it” and a voiceover intones：“High cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian.” The commercial，funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine ( PCRM ) goes further than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both
4、 the Chicago-based hamburger multinational and the broader restaurant industry. The National Restaurant Association criticised it as irresponsible and said it was an attempt to scare the public with a limited” view of nutrition. A McDonald s spokesman said：This commercial is unbearable, misleading a
5、nd unfair to all consumers. McDonald s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices that are right for them. ” The commercial，to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in fuither US cities, comes amid an increasingly lively debate in the US about healthy eating.
6、The first lady, Michelle Obamarhas made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets - particularly among American children，a third of whom are overweight. The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald s has enjoye
7、d a relatively prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2. 3billion, powered by sales rises both in the United States and Britain. The PCRM s director of nu
8、trition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden arches(拱门)： “ McDonald s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable. We feel we re making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald s. ”1. T
9、he ad-maker makes a change in the McDonald s slogan _.A. to warn people of risk of eating fast foodB. to convince people of cause of the deathC. to remind people of the man s preferenceD. to accuse the McDonald s of the murder答案解析：答案为A。由第二段 “The line is a twist on McDonald s long-standing advertisin
10、g slogan, Im lovin it” and a voiceover intones: High cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian.”可知，广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变是因为麦当劳的食物含有高胆固醇，它还会导致高血压，心脏病，因此广告商们警告人们吃麦当劳食物的危险，故答案为A。D选项“控告麦当劳谋杀”夸大了广告商的意图，故不选。2. The goal of this passage is to tell us that_.A. the TV commercial g
11、oes too farB. people enjoy eating fast food for its tasteC. Michelle Obama s campaign doesn t workD. McDonald s provides unhealthy food答案解析：答案为D。本题考查文章的写作目的。文章第一、二段介绍了广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变，意在警告人们麦当劳食物的危险性，后面的内容介绍了这样的广告惹怒了麦当劳和快餐饮食业，然而这种非盈利的广告还是得到了公众的支持，并且美国第一夫人Michelle Obama也在健康饮食运动中签字，最后一段重申了PCRM总会长Susan
12、Levin的意见，对于打击麦当劳没有任何歉意，快餐食品危害人们的健康。因此，本文的写作目的就是告诉人们麦当劳的食物不健康。A、B、C都与写作目的无关，故不选。3. “The golden arches” in the last paragraph refers to _.A. the lineB. the adC. McDonald sD. fast food答案解析：答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。由最后一段“the golden arches（金色的拱门）”后面的内容 “McDonald s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world
13、. Its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable.”可知，“The golden arches”指代的是麦当劳，故答案为C。4. What is the theme of the passage?A. A fierce debate about healthy eatingB. McDonald s targeted in US health adC. A US health ad advocates healthy lifeD. Say goodbye to McDonald s right now答案解析：答案为B。本题
14、考查文章的主题。结合第2题的分析可知，本文的主题是围绕麦当劳成为美国健康饮食广告的打击对象而展开，故答案为B。阅读理解。Whether in the workplace or on the football field, effective teamwork can produce amazing results. However, working successfully as a team is not as easy as it may seem. Effective teamwork certainly does not just happen automatically; it ta
15、kes a great deal of hard work and compromise. There are a number of factors that must be in place to make a good team.Effective leadership is one of the most important factors of good teamwork. The teams leader should possess the skills to create and preserve a positive working environment and motiv
16、ate and inspire the team members to take a positive approach to work and be highly committed. An effective team leader will promote a high level of spirit and make them feel supported and valued.Communication is a vital factor of all interpersonal relationship and especially that of a team. Team mem
17、bers must be able toarticulatetheir feelings, express plans and goals, share ideas and see each others opinions.Conflicts will arise no matter how well a team functions together. The best way to deal with conflicts is to have some organized methods of handling conflicts. Team members should be able
18、to voice their concerns without fear of offending others. Instead of avoiding conflict issues, a hands-on approach that settles them quickly is much better. It is often advised that the team leader sit with the conflicting parties and help work out their differences without taking sides and trying t
19、o remain objective if possible.The team leader must set a good example to create good teamwork. In order to keep team members positive and committed and motivated, the team leader himself needs to show these qualities. The team turns to the leader for support and guidance. So any negative words or b
20、ehaviors on the leaders part can be disastrous.Regardless of what type of work you are in, knowing how to effectively work on and with a team is going to be extremely important to your success and that of your team.6. Effective leadership is important partly because _.A. it helps a leader to develop
21、 lots of skillsB. it makes a leader feel supported and valuedC. it creates a positive working environmentD. it depends on interpersonal relationship of a team7. The underlined word “articulate” probably means _.A. hideB. feelC. expressD. plan8. When conflicts arise among team members, the team leade
22、r should _.A. worry about the team membersB. ignore the team members voicesC. try to avoid conflict issues D. work out their differences9. To become a good team leader, you have to _.A. be positive and committedB. set up a good teamC. look for support from the team D. avoid natural disasters10. Whic
23、h is the best title for the passage?A. Football And Teamwork B. What Makes Effective TeamworkC. Handle Conflict In A TeamD. Communication And Teamwork【参考答案】610、C C D A B阅读理解。阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。For much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主义) is largely a matter of economics: Meat costs a
24、lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. Even where meat is more plentiful, its still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center stage. In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose t
25、o be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. Parental preferences, religious or other beliefs, and health problems are among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. Many people choose a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. And lots of people have mo
26、re than one reason for choosing vegetarianism. Different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. A true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. A lactoovo vegetarian eats dairy products (乳制品) and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. It follows, then, that a lacto
27、vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products. A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除) from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. Some macrobiotic (养生的) diets fall into the vegan
28、 category. Macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物). Following a macrobiotic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (营养不足) in some people. Teens need to be
29、sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium. If youre interested in following a vegan or macrobiotic diet its a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian. He or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients. 1. The underlined senten
30、ce in the first paragraph probably means _.A. there is usually a note beside the meat in a mealB. meat often attracts peoples attention in a mealC. meat is served only a small amount in a mealD. meat should play an important part in a meal答案解析：答案为C。本题为语义理解题。结合划线句子前面的内容 “Even where meat is more plent
31、iful, its still used in control” 可知，甚至是肉非常多的地方，人们仍然控制肉的进食量，因此肉在饮食中只是 “a side note” 而不是“center stage.”，因此划线句子意思是肉在饮食中只占少量，故答案为C。 2. Which of the following is NOT the reason for Americans being vegetarians?A. They are environmentally friendly.B. They are concerned about the rights of animals.C. They w
32、orry about their own health.D. They cant afford to buy meat.答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节题。由第二段 “In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost.” 可知，除了因为肉的花费原因外.，美国人选择素食有诸多原因。故答案为D。3. A vegan diet will include _.A. neither an
33、imal products nor diary productsB. diary products but no eggsC. animal products like honeyD. processed food答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由倒数第二段 “A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey.”可知，vegan diet里排除了eggs
34、and dairy products，还排除了animal products ，故答案为A。4. According to the passage, the author would probably think that _. A. all the people should become vegetariansB. teens should be careful to be vegetariansC. vegetarianism is not a good thing for the worldD. vegetarianism can make a country develop fast
35、er答案解析：答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由最后一段可知，素食有可能导致营养不良，特别是青少年处于生长发育，饮食要有足够的营养，如果青少年对素食感兴趣，应该咨询营养学家，因此作者认为青少年应该对变成素食主义者非常小心，故答案为B。阅读理解。Advertisers tend to think big and perhaps this is why theyre always coming in for criticism. Their critics seem to resent them because they have a gift for self-promotion and becau
36、se they have so much money to throw around. “Its unfair,” they say, “that this entirely unproductive industry (if we can call it that) should absorb millions of pounds each year. It only goes to show how much profit the big companies are making. Why dont they stop advertising and reduce the price of
37、 their goods? After all, its the consumer who pays”The poor old consumer! Hed have to pay a great deal more if advertising didnt create mass markets for products. It is precisely because of the heavy advertising that consumer goods are so cheap. But we get the wrong idea if we think the only purpose
38、 of advertising is to sell goods. Another equally important function is to inform. A great deal of the knowledge we have about household goods derives largely from the advertisements we read. Advertisements introduce us to new products or remind us of the existence of ones we already know about. Sup
39、posing you wanted to buy a washing machine, it is more likely that you would obtain details about performance, price, etc., from an advertisement.Lots of people pretend that they never read advertisements, but this claim may be seriously doubted. It is hardly possible not to read advertisements thes
40、e days. And what fun they often are, too! Just think what a railway station or a newspaper would be like without advertisements. Would you enjoy gazing at a blank wall or reading railway regulations while waiting for a train? Would you like to read only closely-printed columns of news in your daily
41、paper? A cheerful, witty advertisement makes such a difference to a dull wall or a newspaper full of the daily amount of great disasters. We must not forget, either, that advertising makes a positive contribution to our pockets. Newspapers, commercial radio and television companies could not survive
42、 without this source of income. The fact that we pay so little for our daily paper, or can enjoy so many broadcast programmes is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers. Just think what a newspaper would cost if we had to pay its full price!Another thing we mustnt forget is the “small ads”. w
43、hich are virtually in every newspaper and magazine. What a tremendously useful service they perform for the community! Just about anything can be accomplished through these columns! For instance, you can find a job, buy or sell a house, announce a birth, marriage or death in what used to be called t
44、he “hatch, match and dispatch” column but so far the most fascinating section is the personal or “agony” column (读者来信专栏). No other item in a newspaper provides such entertaining reading or offers such a deep insight into human nature. Its the best advertisement for advertising there is!11. What is t
45、he main idea of this passage? A. Advertisement. B. The benefits of advertisement. C. Advertisers perform a useful service to communities. D. The costs of advertisement.12. The attitude of the author toward advertisers is _. A. trustworthyB. appreciativeC. critical D. dissatisfactory13. Why do the cr
46、itics criticize advertisers? A. Because advertisers often boast or exaggerate the fact. B. Because critics think advertisement is a “waste of money”. C. Because customers are encouraged to buy more than necessary. D. Because customers pay more.14. Which of the following is Not true? A. Advertisement
47、 makes contribution to our pockets and we may know everything. B. We can buy what we want. C. Good quality products dont need to be advertised. D. Advertisement makes our life colorful.15. In what way does the writer try to support his view? A. NarrationB. Description C. Comparison D. Definition【参考答案11-15】C B A C C
