1、Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 Section Grammar&WritingUnit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 主语从句 语法精讲技能培养 Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。What made
2、 people excited was that the solar shiphad completed aroundtheworld trip.让人们激动的是太阳能船已完成了环游世界的旅行。It worried the woman that her son was alwaysplaying computer games.儿子一直在玩电脑游戏,这让这个女人很担心。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 二、主语从句的连接词及其句法功能 1.连接词that和whether/if(1)
3、that在从句中不充当任何句子成分,本身无任何意义,只起连接作用,但不可省略。That she survived the accident is a miracle.她在事故中幸免于难简直是个奇迹。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3(2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分,起连接作用,意为“是否”,不可省略。Whether the plan will be carried out is stillunknown.It is still unknown if/wheth
4、er the plan will becarried out.这个计划是否会实施还不知道。名师点津 whether引导的主语从句既可放在句首也可放在句尾,但if引导的主语从句只能放在句尾,前面需用it作形式主语。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 即时演练 1.补全句子 _made usvery happy.她能来帮助我们使我们很高兴。_doesntmatter too much.她来不来都无关紧要。答案 That she could come to help us Whethe
5、r she is coming or not Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 2.连 接 代 词(who,whose,whom,what,which,whichever,whoever,whomever,whatever等)连接代词引导主语从句,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。Whichever(of you)comes in first will receive aprize.无论(你们)谁先到都可以得奖。Who will go to the concert is n
6、ot known.不知道谁会去听音乐会。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 Whatever you do in your spare time should do noharm to others.无论你在业余时间做什么都不应该伤害其他人。名师点津 who引导的主语从句表示一件“事情”,而whoever引导的主语从句指“人”。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 3
7、.连接副词(when,where,how,why等)连接副词引导主语从句并在从句中作状语。How this happened is not clear to anyone.这件事怎样发生的,谁也不清楚。When we will have a meeting is an importantquestion.我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。Where I spend my summer is no business of yours.我在哪里过暑假不关你的事。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养
8、英语必修3 名师点津 名词性从句引导词的确定步骤:(1)分析句式结构,明确名词性从句在句中的功能;(2)明确名词性从句所表达的意义;(3)明确名词性从句中所需要的成分及意义;(4)确定从句的引导词。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 即时演练 2.用适当的连接代词或连接副词填空 _it was done was a mystery._John was late for the class has beenunexplained._part of the country he wi
9、ll travel toneeds discussing.答案 How Why Which Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 _the English evening will be heldhas not yet been decided._surprises me most is that he is tooproud._is interested in the activity can signyour names.答案 Where/When What Whoever U
10、nit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 三、主语从句中用it作形式主语的结构 1.Itbe形容词(obvious,true,natural,strange,etc.)主语从句 It is important that he should know about this.他应该知道此事是重要的。名师点津 在“Itbe形容词主语从句”结构中,若形容词为important/necessary/strange等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。Unit 4 Astronomy:th
11、e science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 2.Itbe名词词组(no wonder,an honour,a pity,a/no surprise,etc.)主语从句 Its a pity that he didnt come.很遗憾他没来。3.It be 过 去 分 词(said,reported,thought,expected,proved,etc.)主语从句 It is suggested that the meeting be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。Unit 4 Astronomy:the scie
12、nce of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 名师点津 在“Itbe过去分词主语从句”结 构 中,过 去 分 词 若 为 suggested/ordered/required/advised等,主语从句中的谓语用“(should)do”。4.It不及物动词(happen,seem,appear,remain,etc.)主语从句 It seems that it is going to rain.看起来好像要下雨。5.It及物动词宾语主语从句 It surprised him why they came to visit himsudden
13、ly.让他吃惊的是他们为什么突然都来看他。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 即时演练 3.(1)补全句子 _that you cant attend my birthdayparty.很可惜你不能参加我的生日聚会。_that the old man(should)goto the countryside to have a rest.建议这位老人到乡村休息一下。答案(1)Its a pity Its suggested Unit 4 Astronomy:the science
14、of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 _you disagree with the plan.你好像不赞成这个计划。It is doubtful_.她是否能来参加聚会还很难说。_the harvest was badthatyear.碰巧那年收成不好。答案 It seems that whether she will beable to come to the party It happened thatUnit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能
15、培养英语必修3(2)句型转换(每空一词)That he suddenly fell ill last month surprised us._hesuddenly fell ill last month.Whether they will sell the house hasnt beenyet decided._ _they will sell the house.答案 It surprised us that It hasnt beendecided yet whether Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导
16、技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 That light travels in straight lines is known to usall._ _ _light travels in straightlines.答案 It is known to us all that Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 四、主语从句中应注意的问题 1.从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided.应该决定一下我们下一步该做什么。2.主谓一
17、致(1)从句作主语时,主句的谓语一般用单数形式。Where he will get a job after graduation haspuzzled him much.毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很困惑。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 名师点津 what引导主语从句时,有时主句谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。What the school needs most are books.这所学校最需要的是书。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of th
18、e stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3(2)如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时,谓语动词用单数。When they will start and where they will go havenot been decided yet.他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。When and where the movie will be shown is notclear.这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the sta
19、rs 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 即时演练 4.用所给词的适当形式填空 What surprised me most_(be)that theman in rags was a millionaire.What he needs most_(be)money.When and where the football match will beheld_(decide)already.Thatthecoalworkersarestillalive_(be)a wonder.答案 was is has been decided is Unit 4 Astron
20、omy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 典例1 Every year,_makes the mostbeautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.解析 考查主语从句连接词的选择。句意:每年,在风筝节上风筝做得最漂亮的人会赢得奖品。whoever“无论谁”,表泛指,在句中作主语,相当于anyone who。答案 whoever Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语
21、法精讲技能培养英语必修3 典例2 _Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born is known to the public,but some wont acceptit.解析 句意:李白,中国伟大的诗人,出生的地 方 人 人 皆 知,但 是 有 些 人 对 此 并 不 接 受。“_Li Bai,a great Chinese poet,was born”为主语从句。该从句缺少地点状语,故答案为Where。答案 Where Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英
22、语必修3 典 例 3 Exactly_thepotatowasintroduced into Europe is uncertain,but it wasprobably around 1565.解析 句意:土豆被引入欧洲的确切时间不能确定,但很可能是1565年左右。分析句子结构可知,设空处为主语从句的引导词,从around 1565判断,这里指时间,故填when。答案 when Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 典例4 I think_impresses me about h
23、ispainting is the colours he uses.解析 句意:我认为他的画使我印象深刻的是他对色彩的使用。分析句子结构可知在主语从句_impresses me about his painting中,所缺的词作主语且表示“物”,所以填what。答案 what Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 解决问题型说明文,就是针对某一问题提出具体的解决方法并进行适当论述,给读者提供知识,使之掌握解决问题的方法。解决问题型说明文 写作指导技法借鉴 Unit 4 Astron
24、omy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 一、基本结构 此类作文的篇章结构如下:第一部分:提出问题或阐述某件事情的重要性;第二部分:列举说明处理某事的方式或解决某个问题的途径;第三部分:针对提出的解决方法进行简要评价,也可提出个人建议或选择,并阐述理由。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 二、增分佳句 A.问题 1.One of the biggest problems the world is
25、facingtoday is global warming.如今,世界所面临的最大问题之一是全球变暖。2.As we all know,the global water shortage isbecoming increasingly severe mainly due to globalwarming.众所周知,主要由于全球变暖,全球水资源短缺问题正变得日益严重。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 3.There is no doubt that the earth is be
26、comingwarmer and that it is human activity that has causedthis global warming.毫无疑问,地球正变得更加暖和,全球变暖正是人类活动所致。4.In order to avoid traffic jams,I strongly suggestsome effective measures be taken.为避免交通拥堵,我强烈建议采取一些有效的措施。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 B.解决方法 1.In
27、 the first place,I would also recommend abalanced diet.首先,我也会推荐均衡饮食。2.Weshouldworktogethertofightagainstpollution and make our environment safer and morecomfortable to live in.我们应该一起努力同污染作斗争使我们的环境更安全、更适宜居住。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 3.There is no deny
28、ing the fact that it is a seriousproblem;thegovernmentshouldtakestrongmeasures to deal with it.无可否认,这是一个严重的问题,政府应该采取有力措施来解决它。4.The most important thing is that people shouldbe made aware of the importance of environmentalprotection.最重要的是应让人们意识到环境保护的重要性。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综
29、合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 C.结论 1.If we are more environmentally friendly,theearths temperature may not rise too much.如果我们多善待环境,地球温度就可能不会上升那么快了。2.As far as Im concerned,its everyonesduty to protect the environment.依我看来,保护环境是我们每个人的责任。3.Its high time that we did something about it.是我们该做些事情的时候了。Unit
30、4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 题目要求 随着科学技术的发展,人类去太空旅游将不再是遥远的梦想。假设你是李华,对太空探索极感兴趣,现在请你写一篇100词左右的英语短文,设想在今年暑假去太空旅游,如何克服失重条件下的吃饭和喝水的问题。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 第一步:审题构思很关键 一、审题 1.确定体裁:本文为_文;2.确定人称:本文的主要人称为_;3.确定时态
31、:主要使用_。答案 1.说明 2.第一人称 3.一般现在时 Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 二、构思 1.开篇:提出失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。2.主体:分析和解决失重条件下吃饭和喝水的问题。3.总结:简要评论。Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 第二步:核心词汇想周全 1._ 重力 2._ 飘浮 3._ 阻止 4._ 解决 5._ 尝试 6._ 迟早;终于 答
32、 案 1.gravity 2.float 3.prevent.from.4.solve 5.try/have a try 6.in time Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 第三步:由词扩句雏形现 1.IfIwenttotravelinspace,_.如果我去太空旅游,会有一个问题。2.I might_a problem.我可能要面对一个问题。3.In outer space,_.在外太空,重力很弱。答案 1.there would be a problem 2.be fac
33、edwith 3.the gravity is weakUnit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 4.The food_.食物会到处飘浮。5.The problem would be solved_.用这种方式,这个问题将会被解决。答案 4.will float around 5.in this way Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 第四步:句式升级造亮点 1.用定
34、语从句连接句1和句2 2.用so.that.连接句3和句4 3.用only倒装句改写句5 答案 1.If I went to travel in space,there wouldbe a problem I might be faced with.2.In outer space,the gravity is so weak that thefood will float around.3.Only in this way would the problem be solved.Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指
35、导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 第五步:过渡衔接联成篇 _Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 答案 If I went to travel in space,there would be aproblem I might be faced with:how to eat and drinkin outer space.I would have to take all my foods with me if I wentto space travel,but in outer
36、 space,the gravity is soweak that the food will float around if it is solid.I mustmake sure that it is specially made as liquid spacefood.It could be put in a tube and then I would be ableUnit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 to suck it more easily.Perhaps I would use a straw toeat it.It can prevent the food from floating away.Onlyin this way would the problem be solved.I might have ahappy visit to space in that way.I will have a try intime.Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars 菜 单 综合训练能力提升写作指导技法借鉴语法精讲技能培养英语必修3 综合训练能力提升 本讲结束请按ESC键返回