1、2018届长宁区第二学期教学质量检测（二模）高三英语试题A Great FriendshipThomas Jefferson and James Madison met in 1776. Could it have been any other year? They worked together and started to further American Revolution and later to shape the official new plan of government, _21_ (develop) a close friendship, which lasted for
2、 50 years. There were _22_(share) purposes and a common end on both sides. Four and a half months _23_ he died, when he was ill and worried about his family, Jefferson wrote to his longtime friend. His words and Madisons reply remind us that friends are friends till death.“The friendship which _24_
3、( exist) between us for half a century, the harmony of our political principles and pursuits have been sources of constant happiness to me through that long period. Its also been a great comfort to me _25_ (believe) that you are engaged in vindicating(证实) to the younger generation the course that we
4、ve pursued for preserving to them. If ever the earth has noticed a system of administration conducted with _26_single and keen eye to the general interest and happiness of those committed to, it must be the system protected by truth, to _27_ our lives have been devoted. To myself, you have been a gr
5、eat supporter throughout life. Take care of me when dead and be assured that I should leave with you my lastAffections.”A week later, Madison replied.“You cannot look back _28_ the long period of our private friendship and political harmony with more affecting recollections than I do. _29_ they are
6、a source of pleasure to you, it is the same to me. We cannot be deprived(失去) of the happy consciousness of the pure devotion to the public good and I have confidence _30_ sufficient evidence will find its way to another generation to ensure, after we are gone, whatever of justice may be withheld whi
7、le we are here.” Section B.A. analysis B. usually C. assures D. pours E. development F. necessaryG. cloudy H. absent I. cultivate J. allow K. extremelyHe is kindlyThe other evening at a dancing club a young man introduced me to Mr. and Mrs. F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Scott seemed to have changed a lot
8、 from the first time I met him at Princeton, when he was an eager undergraduate trying his best to _31_ himself into a great author. He is still trying hard to be a great author. He is at work now on a novel which his wife _32_ me is far better than This Side of Paradise, but like most of our younge
9、r novelists he finds it _33_ to produce a certain number of short stories to make the wheels go around. That The Vegetable, his play, did not receive a Manhattan presentation seems to have disappointed rather than discouraged him. He is still _34_ light-hearted.I have always considered him the most
10、brilliant of our younger novelists. Not one of them can tough his style, nor the superb quality of his satire(讽刺). He has yet to put them in a novel with carefulness of conception and _35_ of character. He can become almost any kind of writer that his peculiarly restless character will _36_.Born in
11、St. Paul, he attended Princeton, served in the Army, wrote his first novel in a training camp, achieved fame and fortune, married a Southern girl, has a child and lives in New York. At heart, he is one of the kindliest of the younger writers. Artistry means a great deal to F. Scott Fizgerald, and in
12、to his own best work he _37_ great efforts. He demands this in the work of others, and when he does not find it he criticizes with passionate earnestness. I have known him, after reading a young fellow-novelists book, to take what must have been hours of time to write him a lengthy, careful _38_.Jus
13、t what he will write in the future remains _39_. With a firmer reputation than that of the other young people, he yet seems to me to have achieved rather less than Robert Nathan and rather more than Stephen Vincent Benet, Cyril Hume. His coming novel should mean a definite prediction for future work
14、. It is to be hoped that from it will be _40_ the seemingly unavoidable modern girls.III. Reading ComprehensionSection AStandards for Schools: Developing Organizational Accountability(绩效)Quality teaching depends on not just teachers knowledge and skills but on the environment in which they work. Sch
15、ools need to offer a coherent curriculum focused on higher-order thinking and performance across subject areas and grades, time for teachers to work _41_ with students to accomplish challenging goals, opportunities for teachers to plan with and learn from one another, and regular occasions to evalua
16、te the outcomes of their _42_.If schools are to become more responsible, they must, like other professional organizations, make evaluation and assessment part of their everyday lives. Just as hospitals have standing committees of staff that meet regularly to look at evaluation data and discuss the _
17、43_ of each aspect of their work a practice reinforced by their accreditation(评定) requirements, - schools must have regular occasions to examine their practice and effectiveness.As Richard Rothstein and colleagues describe in Grading Education: Getting Accountability Right, school-level accountabili
18、ty can be supported by school _44_, like those common in many other nations, in which trained experts evaluate schools by spending several days visiting classrooms, _45_ samples of student work, and interviewing students about their understanding and their experiences, _46_ looking at objective data
19、 such as test scores, graduation rates, and so on. In some cases, principals accompany the inspectors into classrooms and are asked for their own evaluations of the lessons. In this way, the inspectors are able to make _47_ about the instructional and supervisory competence(能力) for principals. As de
20、scribed earlier, inspectors may also play a role in ensuring the _48_ and comparability of school-based assessments (as in England and Australia), as well as schools internal assessment and evaluation process (as in Hong Kong).In most countries inspection systems, schools are rated on the quality of
21、 instruction and other services and supports, as well as students _49_ and progress on a wide range of aspects, including and going beyond academic subject areas, such as extra-curricular, personal and social _50_, the acquisition of workplace skills and the _51_ to which students are encouraged to
22、adopt safe practices and a _52_ lifestyle. Schools are rated as to whether they pass inspection, need modest improvements, or require serious intervention(介入), and they receive extensive feedback on what the inspectors both saw and _53_. Reports are publicly posted. Schools requiring intervention ar
23、e then given more expert _54_ and support, and are placed on a more frequent schedule of visits. Those that persistently fail to pass may be placed under local government control and could be _55_ if they are not improved.41.A. occasionallyB. closelyC. strictlyD. peacefully42.A. challenges B. compet
24、enceC. curriculumD. practices43.A. effectivenessB. faultsC. progressD. requirements44.A. instruction B. protectionC. inspectionD. consideration45.A. taking B. improvingC. examiningD. copying46.A. as far asB. rather thanC. other thanD. as well as47.A. judgments B. decisionsC. inquiriesD. suggestions4
25、8.A. quantityB. qualityC. instructionD. support49.A. educationB. performanceC. attentionD. interest50.A. responsibilityB. structureC. resourcesD. benefits51.A. frequencyB. consistenceC. satisfactionD. extent52.A. comparable B. healthyC. differentD. unique53.A. appreciated B. criticizedC. recommended
26、D. rewarded54.A. attentionB. programsC. evaluationD. explanations55.A. set downB. put downC. closed downD. pulled downSection B 22% (A) NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC NEWSHumanAnimal NewsAncient WorldSpace Tech CultureWarning from Experts A growing amount of human-made orbital debris(太空轨道残骸)一 from rocket stage
27、s and out-of-date satellite -is circling the Earth. Scientists say the orbital debris, better known as space junk, poses an increasing threat to space activities. “ This is a growing environmental problem,” said Nicholas Jonson, the chief scientist and program manager for orbital debris at NASA(美国航空
28、航天局) in Houston, Texas.Johnson and his team have developed a computer model capable of simulating past and future amounts of space junk. The model predicts that even without future rocket or satellite launches, the amount of debris in low orbit around Earth will remain steady through 2055, after whi
29、ch it will increase. While current efforts have focused o limiting future space junk, these scientists say removing large pieces of old space junk will soon be necessary. Since the first launch of satellite in 1957, humans have been generating space junk. The U.S. Space Surveillance Network is curre
30、ntly tracking over 13,000 human-made objects larger than ten centimeters in diameter orbiting the Earth. “Of the 13 000 objects, over 40 percent came from breakups of both spacecraft and rocket bodies,” Johnson sand. In addition, there are hundreds of thousands of smaller objects in space. These inc
31、lude everything from pieces of plastic to bits of paint. Much of this smaller junk has come from exploding rocket stages. Stages are sections of a rocket that have their own fuel or engines.These objects travel at speeds over 35, 000 kilometers an hour. At such high speed, even small junk can tear h
32、oles in a spacecraft or disable a satellite by causing electrical shorts that result from clouds of superheated gas.Johnson believes it may be time to think about how to remove junk from space. Previous proposals range from sending up spacecrafts to grab junk and bring it down to using lasers to slo
33、w an objects orbit to cause it to fall back to Earth more quickly. Given current technology, those proposals appear neither technically nor economically practical, “Space junk is like any environmental problem. “Johnson admits. “Its growing. If you dont deal with it now, it will only become worse, a
34、nd the solutions in the future are going to be even more costly.”56. What is this passage mainly talking about?A. Advanced technology is used to remove spaces junkB. NASA is responsible for the environmental problem. C. Cleaning up the space junk is greatly neededD. Human activities generate much or
35、bital debris57. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage?A. Rocket launches produce more debris than satellite launchesB. Space junk is endangering human beings space activitiesC. Its necessary to clean up the large pieces of old space junkD. Even a tiny piece of space junk can destroy
36、 a spacecraft58. What does John think of the previous proposals to grab space junk and bring it down to the earth? A. Reasonable B. Unbelievable C. Reliable D. Impractical (B)ABC News: Parents who want to pick up their kids at school in one New Jersey district now can submit to iris(虹膜) scans, as th
37、e technology that helps keep our nations airports and hotels safe begins to make its way further into American lives. When picking up a child, the adult provides a drivers license and then submits to an eye scan. If the iris image camera recognizes his or her eyes, the door clicks open.The Freehold
38、Borough School District launched this high-tech security system on Monday with funding from the Department of Justice as part of a study on the systems effectiveness.As many as four adults can be authorized to pick up each child in the district, but in order to be authorized to come into school, the
39、y will be asked to register with the districts iris recognition security and visitor management system. At this point, the New Jersey program is not a must.If someone tries to slip in behind an authorized person, the system causes an alarm and red flashing lights in the front office. The entire proc
40、ess takes just seconds.This kind of technology is already at work in airports around the country like Orlando International Airport, where the program has been in operation since July. It has 12,000 subscribers who pay $79.95 for the convenience of submitting to iris scans rather than going through
41、lengthy security checks.An iris scan is said to be more accurate than a fingerprint because it records 240 unique detailsfar more than the seven to twenty-four details that are analyzed in fingerprints. The chances of being misidentified by an iris scan are about one in 1.2 million and just one in 1
42、.44 trillion if you scan both eyes.Phil Meara, the Freehold District official, said that although it was expensive, the program would help schools across the country move into a new frontier in child protection. “This is all part of a larger emphasis, here in New Jersey, on school safety,” he said.
43、“We chose this school because we were looking for a typical slightly urban school to launch the system.”Meara applied for a $369,000 grant on behalf of the school district and had the eye scanners installed in two grammar schools and one middle school. So far, 300 of the nearly 1,500 individuals ava
44、ilable to pick up a student from school have registered for the eye scan system.59.Why does the Freehold Borough School District adopt the eye scan security system?A. To ensure the school safety and efficiency of picking up children.B. To encourage more students to register in New Jersey urban schoo
45、ls.C. To test the effectiveness of school security and management system.D. To collect the information of the children and their beloved parents.60.Whats the advantage of the eye scan system over fingerprints? A. Having many more subscribers throughout the country.B. Authorizing the adults to pick u
46、p children more flexibly. C. Attracting parents in a larger proportion to register for it. D. Making almost no mistakes in identifying the authorized. 61.How does Phil Meara help to protect the safety of children?A. By asking people to register with the security system.B. By applying for grant to in
47、stall eye scanners in schools.C. By asking the department of justice to fund this program.D. By turning to Orlando International Airport for help.62.What is the best title of this passage? A. Parents Favor the Eye Scan System B. Security Management Needs Improving.C. High Technology Comes to School
48、D. Iris Scanners are Invented in the Country.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-1b. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty Pulled
49、himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excited child pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicki
50、ng the box, scattering little round com puffs across the room Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board Con-Tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing
51、it into bits.It was only 7:30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme exci
52、tement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too
53、 well The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. I did very poorly in school she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. They just felt I was being bad-too loud, too physical, too everything A naughty t
54、omboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. but nobody came up with a diagnosis.As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma I would study
55、and study, and I wouldnt remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.” After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four yeas ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. “Its been such a weigh off my shoulders says Bloomgarden, wh
56、o takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. “I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now Im rewriting the tapes of who I thought I was to who I really am.” 63. What does the phrase “throw a fit in the 1st paragraph probably mean? A. turn oneself
57、around casually B. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenly D. shout and complain loudly 64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldnt focus on anything for a whileC. He forgot to take the medicine he usually tookD. He was afraid
58、to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with _A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. Dustys experiences in his childhood and collegeD. Karennes confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the
59、passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past years.B. Dustys mother took care of him till he was admitted to a collegeC. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didnt know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHDSection CA. Some expert
60、s think that the wealth gained from trade allowed for such leisure in sports and the arts.B. Experts believe that a king and mostly a female priest ruled the government and controlled trade.C. In ancient Greek myths, Minoan society was quite prosperous and highly civilized.D. The palace that Evans u
61、nearthed a century ago was the first proof of Minoan culture.E. Minoan culture didnt exist before until Arthur Evans discovered the palace under the earth.F. Although not yet decoded, written script on clay tablets appears to list trade accounts.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced cult
62、ure in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19th century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos,
63、 Evans found an ancient palace. Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, a central figure in many Greek myths._67_ With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records, These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about
64、 Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addit
65、ion, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. _68_ These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Expert analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. _69_ Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enj
66、oyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visual arts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport
67、 in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant dcor(装饰品). _70_The Mino
68、ans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.IV. Summary WritingThe Conflict of the OrdersThe types of people who served as officials in the Roman government changed over time. Thes
69、e changes stemmed from the attempts of common people to more rights. The struggles became known as the Conflict of the Orders.In the early republic, Romans were divided into two classes of people: patricians and plebeians. Patricians were powerful landowners who controlled the government. As nobles,
70、 they inherited their power. Plebeians, who made up most of the population, were mainly farmers and workers. For many years, plebeians had few rights. They could vote, but they were barred from holding most public offices. Plebeians could not even know Roman laws because laws were not written down.
71、In court, a judge stated and applied the law, but only patricians served as judges.Over time, plebeians increased their power through demand and strikes. They gained the right to join the army, hold government office, form their own assembly, and elect leaders. In one of their greatest victories, th
72、ey forced the government to write down the laws of the Roman Republic. In about 450, B.C. the Romans engraved their laws on tablets called the Twelve Tables. The laws were placed in the Forum, the chief public square, for all to view.The first plebeians were appointed to the government in the late 4
73、00s B.C. After 342 B.C., a plebeian always held one of the consul positions. By about 300 B.C. many plebeians had become so powerful and wealthy themselves that they joined with patricians to form the Roman nobility. From that time on, the distinction between patricians and plebeians was not a impor
74、tant. Membership in the nobility was still very important, however, since government officials were not paid a salary, only wealthy nobles could afford to hold office. Thus, the nobles still controlled the republic.V. Translation72.我们必须尽快适应新环境。 （adapt）73.你在其他任何地方都找不到这么励志的书。 （Nowhere）74.一个既没有人生目标也不为其而奋斗的人注定是要失败的。 （It）75.父母竭力庇护孩子免受问题的困扰，甚至代替他们做重要的决定，这将不利于孩子的健康成长。 (which)VI. Guided WritingWrite an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.为保护环境，政府提倡垃圾分类，但许多小区的落实情况不尽人意，请你写一封电子邮件向有关部门负责人反映意现状，并提出合理化建议。
