1、Unit 21Human BiologyCommunication Workshop&Language Awareness词汇知识自主学习.用本部分恰当的单词补全语境1._activities 每周的活动2._work临时的工作3.a _feeling麻木的感觉4._the bank 抢劫银行5.a _place一个神圣的地方6._cancer patients 晚期的癌症患者7.put on a _戴上头盔8._in number 数量下降weeklytemporarynumbrobsacredterminalhelmetdecline9._requirement最低要求10.an educ
2、ational _一个教育机构11.help sb._无条件地帮助某人12.be _planned暂时计划13._a new restaurant 装备一家新餐馆14.a building _一家建筑公司15.a great _一笔巨款16.birth _出生率minimuminstitutionunconditionallytentativelyequipfirmfortunerate17.a telephone _电话查询18.the _for applications 申请的最后期限19._a report 提交报告20._of the project 项目的延期21.a newly-m
3、ade _一辆新产的拖拉机22.an iron _一把铁铲23.a _of beer 一罐啤酒enquirydeadlinesubmitextensiontractorspadetin24.express _about表达对的担忧25._on the bill 就议案进行表决26.a _attitude一种怀疑的态度27.the swollen _肿胀的腹部28.an _story一个荒谬的故事29.unusual _不同寻常的情况concernvotescepticalbellyabsurdcircumstances.用适当的介词或副词填空1.The thief robbed her _he
4、r purse.2._top of flowers,chocolates are also a favourite gift on Valentines Day.3.We are interested in issues related _health and wealth.4.Due _bad cold,she spent the entire day in bed.5.Though we didnt win the match,we gained much experience _any rate.6.He goes to the tennis club _times during his
5、 school days.7._ no circumstances shall we give in.8.He gave up the attempt _despair.ofOntotoatatUnder/Inin完成句子1._,they continued working.尽管天色已晚,他们继续工作。2.The teacher _all the time.老师让小汤姆一直站着。3.The moving story _.他对这个令人激动的故事竟然无动于衷。4.Tom was late again this morning,_.汤姆今天早晨又迟到了,这使老师很生气。While/Although/
6、Though it was already darkleft little Tom standingleft him unmovedwhich made the teacher very angry5.Ive come to the conclusion _.我得出结论,这样做是不明智的。that it was unwise to do so要点精研探究学习1.decline vi.下降,减少;衰退 vt.&vi.(婉言)拒绝,谢绝*The worlds economy has somewhat declined in the past year.在过去的一年里,世界经济有所衰退。*She d
7、eclined his invitation straight away.她立刻谢绝了他的邀请。*Thankfully,the smoking of cigarettes is on the decline.令人欣慰的是,吸烟量在逐渐下降。【词块积累】(1)decline(from.)to.(从)下降/减少到decline by下降/减少了decline to do sth.婉拒做某事(2)declinen.下降;衰退;衰退期fall/go into a decline 开始衰落,衰弱下去;走下坡路in decline=on the decline在下降,在衰退【链高考明考向】(2019浙江高
8、考)The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46,000 square miles of California forests,the new study finds.这项新研究发现,在加州超过4.6万平方英里的森林中,直径大于2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。He examined it closely over and over again,but still declined _(give)anycomment.The nu
9、mber of staff has declined from 217,000 _114,000.Hourly output by workers declined _3%in the first quarter.(2)The global economic growth is _this year.今年总体经济增长呈下降趋势。to givetobyon the decline2.equip vt.使有所准备;装备;配备*We should equip our minds with Mao Zedong Thought.我们要用毛泽东思想武装自己的头脑。*Many cars are equip
10、ped with pollution-control devices.许多汽车装备了污染控制装置。*This equipment has saved the lives of a number of newborn children.这套设备已经挽救了许多新生儿的生命。【词块积累】(1)equip sth.with sth.用某物装备某物equip oneself(with sth.)for sth.为某事而准备(某物)equip sb.to do sth.使某人准备好做某事equip sb.with sth.提供给某人某物be equipped with 被配备/装备;具有(2)equipm
11、entn.设备,装备(1)语法填空。The kitchen is small but well _(equip).The meeting called for prompt efforts to equip frontline medical workers _protective gear(设备)that is in urgent need.The training has equipped her _(deal)with emergency situations.(2)We should _a good education.我们应该让我们的孩子受到良好的教育。(3)This hotel _
12、a central heating thermostat.这家旅馆装有中央空调温度调节器。equippedwithto dealequip our children withis equipped with(4)单句改错。I get very nervous because Im using a lot of expensive equipments.()equipmentsequipment3.fortune n.大笔钱财,巨款;命运;运气*Every man is the master of his own fortune.每个人都是自己命运的主宰。*He made his fortune
13、 in car sales.他靠卖车发了财。*Mike came to Canada in the 1970s to seek his fortune.20世纪70年代,迈克来到加拿大寻找发财之路。*He was extremely fortunate to survive.他能活下来真是万幸。【词块积累】(1)make a/ones fortune 发财come into a fortune继承遗产try ones fortune碰运气seek ones fortune寻找成功之路(2)fortunate adj.幸运的,运气好的fortunatelyadv.幸运地【小词汇大文化】Every
14、 man is the architect of his own fortune.自己的命运自己掌握。(命运掌握在自己的手中,未来靠自己去创造。)【即学活用】(1)用fortune的适当形式填空。We are _enough to come into a large _.Bombs had hit the building a number of times but _no one was hurt.(2)Many young people went _abroad.许多年轻人去国外寻求成功的机会。(3)He _in the gold fields of South Africa.他在南非的金
15、矿区发了大财。fortunatefortunefortunatelyto seek their fortunemade a fortune4.concern n.担心;担忧;关心;关心的事vt.(使)担忧;涉及;关系到;关心*The childrens education is the teachers uppermost concern.孩子的教育是教师所最为关注的。*Young people should not only care about their families and country,but also have concerns for humanity.年轻人不仅要有家国情
16、怀,而且要有人文关怀。*Its a teachers duty to be concerned about the students study.关心学生的学习是教师分内的事。*As far as Im concerned,you should give her a hand at any rate.在我看来,无论如何你要帮帮她。【词块积累】(1)have/show/express concern about/over/for对的担心/忧虑/关心concern oneself with/in/about关心;忙于;从事(2)concernedadj.担心的;忧虑的;关心的;有关的be conc
17、erned about/for 担心/忧虑/挂念be concerned with/in与有关as/so far as.be concerned就而言(3)concerning prep.关于;就而言【即学活用】(1)语法填空。(2020全国卷)Scientists in Louisiana were so _（concern）that they decided to pay hunters$5 a tail.(2018全国卷)If you are curious about the history of our school or concerned _its future,you must
18、nt miss this excellent opportunity!More than ten students were concerned _this matter.He asked several questions _(concern)the future of the company.aboutwith/inconcerningconcerned(2)She _social welfare.她从事社会福利工作。(3)She is the equal of her brother _.论智慧,她和她哥哥不相上下。concerns herself withas far as wisdo
19、m is concerned5.vote vi.表决;选举;投票n.选举;投票;选举;投票总数*Today every citizen aged eighteen or over has the right to vote.如今,年满18周岁或18周岁以上的公民都有选举权。*Why do you think we should have a vote on that?为什么你认为我们应该对那件事进行表决?*I think a lot of people will vote for you.我想很多人会投票支持你。【词块积累】the right to vote 投票权/选举权vote on就表决
20、vote for/against投票支持/反对have a vote有选举权/表决权【即学活用】(1)用适当的介词填空。They didnt know who to leave,so they voted _it.They decided to vote _the man they liked best.I call on the people of this town to vote _the policy which wont put the interests of the people first.(2)We _and we should use it.我们有选举的权利,并应行使这一权
21、利。onforagainsthave the right to vote【要点拾遗】1.submit vt.提交;(使)服从,(使)顺从*I dont submit(myself)to having my freedom limited.我不甘于我的自由受到限制。*Job applicants have to submit a specimen of handwriting to the company.求职者必须要向公司提交一份笔迹样本。*China will never submit to any intimidation or threat.中国决不会屈从于任何恐吓和威胁。【词块积累】(
22、1)submit sth.to sb.向某人提交某物submit(oneself)to doing sth.甘受submit(oneself)to sb.顺从;屈服(2)submission n.提交;呈交;屈服make a submission to.向做出陈述【即学活用】(1)Jane ought to _the teacher.简早该向老师交出她的学期报告。(2)All parties will have the opportunity to _the court related to this case.各方均有机会向法庭提交与此案有关的陈述。(3)改错。I submit to be
23、parted from you.()We advised the hijackers(劫持者)to submit themselves with the police.()have submitted her term paper tomake a submission to把be改为being将with改为to2.rob vt.使丧失;抢劫*A last-minute goal robbed the team of victory.最后一分钟的进球夺去了这支球队胜利的机会。*The burglars robbed him of all his money.窃贼抢走了他所有的钱。*The ma
24、n was serving a sentence for robbery with violence.这个男子因暴力抢劫正在服刑。【词块积累】(1)rob sb./sp.of sth.抢劫某人/某地的某物(2)robbery n.抢劫robber n.抢劫者【易混辨析】rob指公开地“抢”、“夺”(通常使用暴力),其搭配为:rob sb.of sth.steal指在人们不防备或不在场的情况下悄悄地“偷”,其搭配:steal sth.from sb./sp.【即学活用】(1)用rob的适当形式填空。The _was caught for _,for he _the bank last week.
25、(2)选词填空(rob/steal)。Someone _a painting from the museum without being noticed.They _me of my money,holding knives.robberrobberyrobbedstolerobbed3.due to 由于,因为;应给予;应归于*People can also fall into comas due to terminal illnesses like cancer and head injuries.人们也会由于致命疾病,例如癌症以及头部受伤而陷入昏迷。*His absence was du
26、e to the storm.他因暴风雨而缺席。*The first price increases are due to come into force in July.第一批提价预计将在7月开始执行。【词块积累】dueadj.预定到达的;到期的;适当的;应有的adv.正向;正对着be due to do/for sth.预计/按预定做某事be due到期的;预定到达的【即学活用】(1)His lateness was _on the motorway.他迟到是因高速公路上车辆过多所致。(2)The delay is _of hands.事情耽搁下来是由于人手不足。(3)Mr Horuk w
27、as _in three years.霍鲁克先生定于三年后退休。due to the very heavy trafficdue to the shortagedue to retire4.on top of 除了之外(还);在上方/顶端*From our perch up there on top of the cliff we can see the whole town.我们从悬崖顶上的高处能看到城镇的全景。*On top of that,both my fridge and my bank account are empty.除此之外,我的冰箱和银行账户都空了。*The sea and
28、 the warm sun made us feel on top of the world.海洋和温暖的阳光使我们感到愉快和幸福。【词块积累】on top of that 除此之外on top of the world 幸福到极点【即学活用】(1)They stood _the hill,drinking in the beauty of the garden city.他们站在小山之巅,饱览这花园城市的美景。(2)He gets rewards _.他除了薪金外还拿奖金。(3)Every time I am with you,I feel like I am _.每次和你在一起时,我觉得自
29、己幸福极了。on top ofon top of his salaryon top of the world5.at any rate 无论如何;至少*Well,at any rate,let me thank you for all you did.好吧,不管怎样,还是要感谢你所做的一切。*New diet books appear at a rate of nearly one a week.新的饮食类书籍差不多一周出一本。*At this rate theyd be lucky to get home before 8:30 or 9:00.这样看来他们能在8点半或是9点以前到家就算幸运
30、了。【词块积累】rate n.比率;速度at this/that rate 照这/那种情况继续下去;这/那样的话at a rate of以的速度/比率【即学活用】选词填空(at a rate of/at that rate/at any rate)。(1)All the evidence is that China can continue to grow _.(2)She had,_,provided a peaceful and loving home for Harriet.(3)The world urban population is rocketing upward _6.5 pe
31、rcent per year.at that rateat any rateat a rate of6.circumstance n.情形;境况;(有关)事项;经济状况(pl.);命运*Racism is unacceptable under any circumstances.无论在何种情况下,种族主义都是千万要不得的。*In the circumstances he felt hed been very calm.在那种情况下,他觉得自己一直非常冷静。*She made it clear that under no circumstances would she cancel the tr
32、ip.她明确表示,无论如何她都不会取消旅行。【词块积累】under/in no circumstances 无论如何不;决不under/in the circumstances在这些情况下;情况既然如此under/in any circumstance(s)在任何情况下【名师点津】微语circumstanceunder/in no circumstances意为“无论如何也不,决不”,置于句首时句子要用部分倒装形式。【链高考明考向】(2019全国卷)Students should be able to extend the logic of each to their particular c
33、ircumstance.学生应该能够将每个人的逻辑扩展到他们特定的环境。【即学活用】(1)_,a crash was unavoidable.在那种情况下,撞车是难以避免的。(2)You shouldnt,_,treat a disabled person like that.任何情况下你都不应该那样对待一个残疾人。(3)单句改错。At no time and under no circumstances China will be the first to use nuclear weapons.()Under/In the circumstancesunder any circumstan
34、ceswill 放在China 之前7.The court gave their approval for the life support machines to be turned off and while this ruling left Terris parents feeling numb and others claiming that life is sacred,which no one has the right to end,many would say it was the right thing to do for Terri.法庭对于关闭生命维持机表示赞成。尽管这项
35、判决使得特瑞的父母痛苦不堪,且还有些人声称生命是神圣的,任何人都无权来结束它,但许多人都说这么做对特瑞来说是对的。【句式解构】本句是由and(第一个and)连接的并列复合句。第二个并列分句的结构相对复杂,其中while为连词,意为“尽管,即使”,引导让步状语从句,在此将其分析如下:while this ruling*While online shopping has changed our life,not all of its effects have been positive.尽管网购改变了我们的生活,它的所有影响并不是都是正面的。*Dont leave her waiting outs
36、ide in the rain.不要让她在外面的雨中等待。*I cant leave such an important thing unfinished.我不能让这么一件重要的事半途而废。【名师点津】(1)while意为“尽管,虽然”时,相当于although或though,一般置于句首;另外,while还可用作并列连词,意为“而,然而”,强调两种情况的对比;还可引导时间状语从句,意为“当时候”。(2)动词的-ing形式作leave的宾语补足语时表示主动关系,若要表示被动关系则用过去分词。【即学活用】(1)语法填空。They went off together and left me _(s
37、it)there.Did you leave the doors and windows firmly _(fasten)?(2)_,I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在,但我不同意说这些问题不能被解决。sittingfastenedWhile I admit that there are problems8.I agree with the decision of the courts and medical institutions in the United States,that in the case of long-t
38、erm coma states,close family members should be allowed to take their loved one off life support machines.我同意美国法庭的裁决和医疗机构的决定,在长时间昏迷的状态下,亲近的家人应该被允许将他们所爱的人从生命维持机移开。【句式解构】句中that引导的是the decision的同位语从句,由于同位语从句句意和结构都完整,故用that引导,且that不可省略。*They arrived at the decision that the sports meeting would be cancel
39、led.他们作出决定取消运动会。*The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong.你认为不动脑筋就能做好这份工作的想法是完全错误的。*We heard the news that our team had won.我们听到我们队获胜的消息。【即学活用】(1)用适当的连接词填空。I made a promise to myself _this year,my first year in high school,wouldbe different.The thought came to her _may
40、be she had left the door open when she left home.(2)单句改错。The Mona Lisa is widely seen as proof what good looks can last forever.()thatthat把what 改为that.语境填词1.The _(临时的)_(机构)has a _(每周一次的)meeting to _(表决)on some _(有争议的)problems.2.They _(提交)their _(关切)about the _(荒谬的)_(情况)to the _(报刊).3.The _(症状)of the
41、 _(晚期的)_(癌症)patient is very obvious,and he cant _(忍受)the _(剧烈的)pain of his _(腹部).课时检测素养达标 1temporaryinstitutionweeklyvotecontroversialsubmittedconcernabsurdcircumstancespresssymptomterminalcancertolerateacutebelly4.Through taking some _(强制性的)measures to _(禁止)some behaviors,we are trying to make the
42、_(违反)of the law _(下降)to the _(最低).compulsoryprohibitviolationdeclineminimum.用适当介词或副词填空1.They were knocked to the ground and robbed _their wallets.2.Few people voted _him because he looked down on ordinary people.3.The train had stopped due _a mechanical problem.4.On top _basketball,he is fond of tab
43、le tennis as well.5.I have to submit my report _the company by next Tuesday.6._no circumstances should you violate traffic regulations.offortooftoUnder/In7.Relative poverty,however,did not prevent Martin from equipping himself _an excellent education.8.Nancys mother was concerned _her safety before
44、she returned home.9._any rate the task must be completed before noon.10.The number of robberies in the area is _the decline.withabout/forAton.完成句子1._,he works hard.虽然他身体不好,但他还是努力工作。2.What he said _.他的话使我陷入了沉思。3.John rushed out in a hurry,_.约翰没有锁门就匆忙跑了出去。While Although/Though he is in poor healthleft
45、 me thinking deeplyleaving the door unlocked4.He likes sports,_.他喜欢体育,而我更喜欢音乐。5.Finally he made a decision _.他终于做出决定要放弃计划。while I prefer musicthat he would give up the plan.语法填空The recent case of an American woman,Terri Schiavo,1._husbandwon a legal battle to have her 2._(take)off life support machi
46、nes after she spent 15 years 3._a coma-like state,has exposed the many 4._(sense)legal and medical 5._(issue)that surround the care of coma patients.Although 15 years had passed,Terris parents still believed that her coma was only temporary.Her husband disagreed and 6._(say)that Terri would not have
47、 wanted 7._(live)on in this state.The court gave their 8._(approve)for the life support machines to be turned off and while this rulingwhosetakeninsensitiveissuessaidto liveapprovalleft Terris parents 9._(feel)numb and others claiming that life is sacred,which no one has the right to end,many would
48、say 10._was the right thing to do for Terri.feelingit情态动词【情境探究】Dialogue 1:语法精讲深化学习Dialogue 2:观察上面对话,并完成句子:1._ I use your bike?我能用一下你的自行车吗?Of course,you _.当然可以。2._he clean the room now?他现在需要打扫房间吗?Yes,he _.是的,他必须打扫。Could/CancanNeedmust【要义详析】一、情态动词 情态动词是一种本身有一定的意义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语,只能和其他动词原形一起
49、构成谓语。常见的情态动词有:can(could),may(might),must,need,ought to,dare(dared),shall(should),will(would)。1.can/could表推测的用法。(1)从使用句型上看,can通常只用于否定句或疑问句,一般不用于肯定句,而could均可。两者没有时间上的差别,只是could比can更委婉,更不确定。(2)从时间关系上看,对现在或将来情况进行推测,后接动词原形;对正在进行的情况进行推测,后接be doing结构;对过去情况进行推测,后接动词的完成式。*The news cant/couldnt be true.消息不可能是
50、真的。*What can/could Mike be doing in the room?迈克在房间里干什么呢?*He cant/couldnt have understood.他不可能理解了。*Why does he know this?Can/Could someone have told him about it?他怎么知道?会是哪个人已经告诉他了吗?【即学活用】(1)He _(不可能是)the headmaster.He has gone to America.(2)Mr Bush is on time for everything.How _he _(可能迟到)for the ope
51、ning ceremony?(3)George _too far.His coffee is still warm.乔治不可能走太远。他的咖啡还是热的呢。(4)_he _(可能找到)the book?cant/couldnt becan/couldbe latecant have goneCan/Couldhave found2.may/might用于表推测的用法。表示推测,两者都可用,只是might比may语气更不确定,表示的可能性更小。(1)从使用句型上看,两者均可用于肯定句和否定句,通常不用于疑问句。(2)从时间关系上看,对现在或将来情况进行推测,后接动词原形;对正在进行的情况进行推测,
52、后接be doing结构;对过去情况进行推测,后接have done结构。*She may/might arrive before 5:00.5:00前她可能/也许到。*He may/might not know the answer.他可能不知道答案。*He may/might be listening to the radio now.现在他可能/也许正在听收音机。*The ground is wet.It may/might have rained last night.地湿了,昨晚可能/也许下雨了。【名师点津】cannot意为“不可能”;may not意为“可能不”【即学活用】(1)H
53、e _(也许会告诉)his wife the news.(2)Mary _(可能不在)in the classroom.I saw her on the playground just now.(3)He _(可能还没有完成)the work.may/might tellmay/might not bemay not have finished3.must表示推测的用法。must表示很有把握的推测,其意为“一定会,肯定会”,只用于肯定句,一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况进行推测,后接动词原形;表示对过去情况进行推测,后接have done结构。*The lights are o
54、n.He must be at home.灯亮着,他一定在家。*No,he must be lying.不,他一定在撒谎。*He must have mistaken my meaning.他一定误会了我的意思。【即学活用】(1)The man _(一定有)a lot of money.(2)He _(一定在写)a letter to his girlfriend.(3)She _(一定知道了)the result.must havemust be writingmust have known4.should表推测的用法。should表示说话人根据自己以往的生活经验或常识,作出的有较大可能实现
55、的猜测、推论,通常译为“应该;可能”。should have done只用于谈论过去的情况,主要有两个用法:一是用于推测过去已经发生的情况,二是用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。*They should be home by now,I think.我想现在他们总该到家了吧。*There should be a knife in the drawer.抽屉里应该有一把刀子。【即学活用】(1)It is nearly seven oclock.Jack _(应该到这里)at any moment.(2)When can I come for the photos?I need them tom
56、orrow afternoon.They _(应该准备好)by 12:00.should be hereshould be ready二、情态动词表示义务、责任、意愿、必要性和倾向性1.must表义务或强烈的劝告,意为“必须、应该”,否定式表示“禁止、不准”。在回答 must 的问句时,否定回答用 neednt 或 dont have to。*You must finish your homework first.你必须首先完成你的家庭作业。*Must I do it now?No,you neednt/dont have to.我现在就必须做吗?不,没有必要。2.should表示主观认为“应
57、该”;ought to强调按规定、责任、义务等“应该”。*As a student,you ought to study hard.作为一名学生,你应该努力学习。*He shouldnt/ought not to do that on that occasion.在那个场合,他不应该那样做。3.need意为“有必要”。need 构成一般疑问句时,其肯定回答用must,否定回答用neednt。*Need I hand in the paper this week?Yes,you must./No,you neednt.这一周我需要交论文吗?是的,你必须交。/不,你没必要交。【知识延伸】(1)ne
58、ed和dare可用作实义动词和情态动词,用作实义动词时,后接动词要用不定式,有人称和数的变化,可用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句;用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句中,没有人称和数的变化,后接动词要用动词原形。(2)need 用作实义动词时,其后可接动名词,且要用主动形式表示被动意义,表示“需要被”。*You need not payit is free.你不必付钱,这是免费的。*We need to have lots of patience.我们需要有很大的耐心。*Who would dare to tell him?谁会敢告诉他?*He dared not go there at nigh
59、t.晚上他不敢到那里去。*How dare you ask me such a question?你怎么敢问我这样的问题?*The room needs cleaning.这房间需要打扫了。4.will与would。will表示现在的意愿,would表示过去的意愿。*I will never do that again.我再也不那样做了。*He asked me if I would go abroad.他问我是否愿意出国。【知识延伸】used to表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作或状态,现在已经结束,强调过去与现在的对比;would则表示有可能再发生。*People used to believ
60、e that the earth was flat.过去,人们总以为地球是平的。(现在已不再这样认为)*He would go to the park as soon as he was free.过去,他一有空就去公园。(现在有可能再去)【即学活用】用适当的情态动词填空。(1)You _do what your parents tell you.(2)Must we finish the composition in class?No,you _.(3)_ I water the trees on Tuesday?No,you neednt.(4)I _ pay you at the rat
61、e you ask.should/ought to/mustneednt/dont have toMust/Needwill三、情态动词表示允许、禁止或能力1.can表示“能够;可以”,在疑问句中征求对方的许可时,用could比can语气更婉转。*You can go there with me as you can help me do some work.你可以与我一起去那里,因为你能帮我做些工作。*Could/Can I borrow your dictionary?Yes,you can.(Yes,please.)我能借用你的字典吗?可以。2.may用于疑问句征求对方的许可时,用mig
62、ht比may语气更婉转,肯定回答用can,否定回答用cant或mustnt。*May I smoke here?我可以在这里吸烟吗?Yes,you can./No,you mustnt.是的,可以。/不行。3.mustnt表示“禁止,不允许”,语气比cant强烈。4.shall用于第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见或请示对方;用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表示说话者给对方的“命令”“允诺”“威胁”等。*Shall I turn down the radio a bit?我可以把收音机的音量关小点吗?(征求对方建议)Yes,please.(No,please dont.)可以。(不,请不要。
63、)*You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.我读完这本英语就会马上给你。(表示许诺)【即学活用】用适当的情态动词填空。(1)_you finish the work in such a short time?(2)_I use your pen?No,you _.(3)If you get a full mark in this coming English test,you _get a new computer,I promise.CanMight/May/Could/Cancant/mustntshall四、情态动词+
64、have done1.must have done表示对过去发生的行为进行推测,意为“过去一定做过/发生过某事”,只能用于肯定句中。*The lights were out;they must have been asleep.灯灭了,他们一定睡着了。2.could have done用于肯定句,表示“过去本来能够做某事,但没有做到”;can或could+have done用于否定句或疑问句中,表示对过去发生情况的否定或疑问推测。*He paid for a ticket,but he could have got one free.他付钱买了一张票,但他本来可以免费得到一张的。*She ca
65、nt/couldnt have gone to Beijing because I saw her just now.她不可能去北京,因为我刚才见过她。*Where can/could he have lost his car?他可能在哪丢的车呢?3.may/might have done表示“过去可能/也许做过某事”,用于肯定句或否定句中。*They may/might have got home.他们可能已经到家了。4.should/ought to have done表示“过去本来应该做某事而未做”,表示说话人责备或不满的语气。shouldnt/ought not to have don
66、e表示“过去本不应该做某事而实际上做了”。*You should/ought to have told your parents about this thing.你本来应该把这件事情告诉你父母。*I was really anxious about you.You shouldnt have left home without a word.我真的很为你担心。你本不该一言不发就离开家的。5.neednt have done表示“过去没必要做某事而实际上做了”。*You neednt have cleaned the room.I could manage it myself.你本不必打扫房间
67、的。我自己能行。【即学活用】(1)You _,but you played games all night.你本可以复习的,但你一晚上都在玩游戏。(2)You _all the work by yourself.We are going to help you.你没必要自己做所有的工作。我们会帮你。(3)Tom _the cake,for there is some on his mouth.汤姆一定已经吃过蛋糕了,因为他的嘴上有些蛋糕。(4)Look at the time!We _at the theatre ten minutes ago.瞧都什么时候了!十分钟前我们就该到戏院了。cou
68、ld have reviewedneednt have donemust have eatenshould have been.用适当的情态动词填空1._you play basketball as well as John?2._we begin our lesson now?3.That girl _be MaryShe is in hospital now.4.Must I phone him right away?No,you _.5.Lets hurry!They _be waiting for us.6.If you can lend me the money,I _go to t
69、he bank.课时检测素养达标 2CanShallcantneedntmustneednt7.She _fly to London,but Im not quite sure.8.The floor _have been swept,for it is very clean now.9.I _see that something was terribly wrong.10.How I regretted the days when I had played and _have studied.may/mightmustcouldshould.完成句子1.Han Mei _in the rea
70、ding room.韩梅不可能在阅览室。2.You _clean the classroom now.你现在没必要打扫教室。3.You _to New York.You know it very well.你一定去过纽约。你对它太熟悉了。4.There is no light in the room;_?屋里没亮灯,他们有可能出去了吗?cant beneedntmust have beencan they have gone out5.We _wonders!我们或许创造了奇迹。6.We _the presents.我们本来不需要买礼物的。7.You _the evening party.你们
71、本来可以为晚会做好充分准备。8.He _in Beijing by now.他现在已经到北京了。might have achievedneednt have boughtshould/could have made good preparations formay/might have arrived9.You _if you like.如果你喜欢可以坐这个位置。10.You _now because our son is doing his homework in his study.你现在决不能看电视,因为我们的儿子正在书房做作业。may/can take this seatmustnt
72、watch TV【语法主题应用】用本单元所学的情态动词完成下面语段翻译。明天是星期天,我不必(need)去学校了。我要(must)六点钟起床锻炼身体。早饭后我应该(should)帮助妈妈做点家务。白天的时间我要(have to)认真完成作业,复习本周所学内容。下午我想去打一个小时的篮球,我的篮球打得不错(can)。晚上我可以(can/may)看一会儿电视,但绝不能(mustnt)超过10点睡觉。_Tomorrow is Sunday,so I neednt go to school.I must get up at six to takesome exercise.After breakfast,I should help my mother do some housework.Inthe daytime,I have to do my homework carefully and review what I have learntthis week.In the afternoon,I want to play basketball for an hour.I can play itfairly well.In the evening I can/may watch TV for a while,but I mustnt go tobed after 10 oclock.
