1、重难语法课(10)特殊句式(倒装、强调、省略、there be句型) 语境中体悟用法朗读下面短文，体会、领悟倒装、强调、省略等句式结构在文中的灵活使用。It was at midnight thatLucy woke up. So hungry was she that she realized that she did have to get up to get something to eat. She went to the kitchen.There wasa cabbage, some hams and some eggs in the fridge. No sooner had s
2、he takenout what she needed than she realized she had no idea how to deal with the food. In fact, seldom had she cookedfor herself before.“Had I learnedcooking from my mother, I would have become a good cook.”she sighed and continued her job.However, hardly had she triedto turn on one of the two tap
3、s above the sink when she noticed it didnt work. Neither could another tap.Only with the help of the spanner did water comeout of the tap at last.But it was unlucky for her to cut her finger while cutting hams.Out ran Lucyat once.With a bandage wrapping her wounded finger, she finished cooking a del
4、icious meal at last. From the kitchen came a good smell.Being at table, she got down to enjoying her food. Unfortunately, not until she tasted her food did she find she forgot to add some salt to it.“Must I fall asleepwhile being hungry？”said Lucy. 用法体悟it was . that为强调句型，此处对时间状语at midnight 进行强调。so .
5、that句型中，“soadj./adv.”位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装，that从句的语序用正常语序。did在此处强调谓语动词have to。there be句型表示某地存在某物，是一个倒装句式。no sooner .than中，当no sooner提前至句首时，其后用部分倒装。否定意义的副词或短语位于句首时，句子需用部分倒装。虚拟条件句省略if时，需将were, had或should提前，构成部分倒装。hardly .when .结构中，hardly提前，主句用部分倒装，后面的从句用正常语序。当so, neither, nor(so用于肯定句，neither/nor用于否定句)表示前面所述情
6、况也适合另一个人或物时，句子需用部分倒装，结构为：so/neither/norbe/助动词/情态动词主语。当Only状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)放在句首时，要用部分倒装。当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且含有be动词时，可省略从句主语与be动词，构成状语从句的省略结构。以in, out, up, down, over, away, off, back等副词开头的句子(主语是名词)，需用完全倒装以表示强调。当句首是充当地点状语的介词短语，且谓语是be，stand, sit, lie等时，句子常用完全倒装。Not until引导的状语从句放句首时，状语从句用正常语序，主句需
7、要用部分倒装。疑问句，包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句，都用部分倒装语序。 系统中整合规则 (一)倒装句1部分倒装 只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词、系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有以下几种：(1)表示否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely .when ., no sooner .than ., not only .but also ., not
8、 until, nowhere, neither .nor .等。(2)“only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句”置于句首时，要用部分倒装。 (3)so/such .that .结构中的so/such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。(4)表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义， neither/nor表示否定意义)。(5)在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。(6)在虚拟条件句中，条件句中
9、的if省略时，助动词had, were, should要提到主语前面，构成部分倒装。(7)“may动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。Not until I lost my job did I realize I should improve my working skills.直到我失去工作我才意识到我应该提高工作技能了。Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.只有当你的心态平和时，你才能与别人保持良好的关系。Such great pr
10、ogress did he make that he was praised.他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。2全部倒装谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，叫全部倒装句。这类句型主要有以下几种：(1)here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用全部倒装。(2)有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。John opened the door.Th
11、ere stood a girl he had never seen before.约翰打开门，以前他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。Present at the party were Mr Green and many other guests.出席晚会的有格林先生和许多其他的宾客。 (二)强调句1强调句型其基本结构：It is/was被强调的部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、状语等进行强调。当被强调部分是人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况下一律用that。It is only by listening to and understanding e
12、ach other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。2not .until的强调句型结构：It is/was not until .that句子其他部分。It was not until he got home 30 minutes later that he found he had left his bag in the taxi.直到他到家三十分钟后，他才发现他把包落在了出租车上。3对谓语动词进行强调时用do, does, did。She did
13、tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。 (三)省略句1状语从句中的省略在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。All the photographs in this book, unless (the photographs are) stated otherwise, date from the
14、 1950s.这本书里所有的照片，除非有说明，否则，都要追溯到20世纪50 年代。2动词不定式的省略在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.那名司机想把车停靠在路边，但是警察不允许他这样做。 (四)there be句型1there be句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或
15、情态动词连用。There have been many great changes in our country since then.自从那时起我们国家就发生了巨大的变化。There must be a mistake somewhere.某个地方一定出错了。2there be句型中的be有时可用seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be, have to be, remain, live, stand, lie, exist等替换。There seems to be an announcement about the project
16、.关于这个项目似乎有一个通知。There happened to be a man walking by.碰巧有一个人路过。3there be结构的常用句式There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义。There is no doubt about ./that .毫无疑问There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事。There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing sth./with sth.(做)某事(没)有困难/麻烦。There is (no) possi
17、bility of (doing) sth./that .(做)某事(没)有可能性。This doesnt mean we are becoming either more or less intelligent, but there is no doubt that the way we use memory is changing.这并不意味着我们正变得比以前更聪明或是不如以前聪明，但是毫无疑问，我们使用记忆力的方式正在发生变化。 集训中明晰考点 考点1倒装1(2017江苏高考改编) (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the stud
18、ent could not overcome her difficulty.解析：Were句意：如果没有老师的支持，这名学生不可能克服她的困难。该句是省略if的虚拟条件句，if省略后需要将were提前构成倒装。2(2016江苏高考改编)Not until recently (do) they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas.解析：did句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游相关的项目。not until放在句首时句子要使用部分倒装，此处指过去所发生的动作，应使用一般过去时。
19、3(2021苏州模拟)Typically, with highstatus and wellpaid jobs (come) far more pressure than assumed.解析：comes句意：通常情况下，社会地位高和薪水高的工作带来的压力远远超过人们的想象。为了强调而将作状语的介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末从而形成倒装，这种倒装句中的谓语多为以下不及物动词： come, lie, stand, walk, 且为全部倒装的形式。根据句意，此句应使用一般现在时，pressure是主语，谓语动词用comes。4(2021郑州模拟)Only when the police sho
20、wed her the evidence (do) she admit that she had stolen the money.解析：did句意：只有当警察把证据展示给她的时候，她才承认偷了钱。only状语从句置于句首，主句要用部分倒装，即be动词/情态动词/助动词放在主语前。此处时态要用一般过去时，故填did。 考点2强调句型1(2018天津高考改编)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house we saw Lily in the passenger seat.解析：that句意：直到汽车停在了我们的房子前面的时候，我
21、们才看到莉莉坐在乘客座上。此处是强调句型“It was被强调部分that其他部分”，本句强调的是时间状语从句。2(2017天津高考改编)It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.解析：that句意：正是当我回到公寓的时候，我第一次偶然遇见了我的新邻居们。此处为强调句型It was .that .，被强调的是句中的时间状语从句。3(2016天津高考改编)You are waiting at a wrong place.It is at the hotel the coach picks
22、up tourists.解析：that句意：你等错地方了。长途客车是在宾馆接游客的。去掉it is和空格处后句子结构依然完整，因此本句是一个强调句，故填that。 自测中查漏补缺.单句语法填空1(2021长春模拟)But the fighting scenes alone dont explain the movies success its also the patriotism (爱国主义) and spirit of the film projects that have deeply impressed Chinese audiences.2This technology did no
23、t spread to Europe until the 19th century，and it was by using the technology that the Americans drilled the first oil well in Pennsylvania in 1859.3The police were seeking more information to find out who it was that killed the rich merchant.4(2021成都模拟)It was the driver who/that carried my luggage a
24、way, saying “you will be more comfortable if you put the luggage at the front row where no one takes the seat”5(2020南昌模拟)I think it is their frankness and enthusiasm that leaves a deep impression on their employers.6It was my father that helped him go through the cancer.7(2020郑州模拟)It is always the f
25、irefighters that/who take the lead to run to the very center, saving lives by risking their own.8The city now is much noisier than it used to be (be)9On the top of the hill stands (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.10Do (do) write to me when you get there.单句改错1Not until 5 pm we set off ba
26、ck unwillingly.we前加did2Only in this way they become useful to society and enjoy a colorful life in the future.way后加can3In conclusion, taking down pressure to work harder and you will achieve your goal.takingtake4Its not just students which will face pressure.whichwho/that5Only then had I realize the
27、 importance of learning English.haddid6That was with her help that I soon became a top student in our class.第一个ThatIt.语法填空(2020福州质检)At about 3 pm on October 2, carpentry students from Harvard HEllis Technical High School (Ellis Tech) in the United States 1 (put)the finishing touches on a ramp (坡道) f
28、or the handicapped at Northeast Placement Services.It was a thing of 2 (beautiful), leading from a platform outside one building to the entryway of the new Community Education Center.It was one year ago 3 students started the project.It took so long，because Ellis Tech has a rotating (轮流的) schedule t
29、wo weeks of academic work followed 4 two weeks of shop work.Their academic schedule made it difficult 5 (finish) the job very quickly.During the summer，work stopped altogether. 6 (arrive)at Ellis Tech，Senior Gabe Martel first didnt know he wanted to be a carpenter.He soon found the handson activity
30、was 7 (benefit)to him.One thing he learned is that no project goes according to plan.They had to follow building rules and adapt 8 (they) quickly.They had to work with the customer and learn to get along with their teammates.The next project will be at the Brooklyn Fairgrounds，where students will re
31、build a part of the main stage.Unless its 9 (extreme) cold in winter, theyll work a couple of 10 (month)语篇解读：本文主要介绍了一所学校木匠班的特色实践项目的相关内容。1were putting考查动词时态和主谓一致。分析句子成分可知，空处为句子的谓语，结合该句中的时间状语“At about 3 pm on October 2”可推知，此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，且与句子主语carpentry students (复数形式)呼应，所以填were putting。2be
32、auty考查名词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用名词，作介词of的宾语，所以填beauty。3that考查强调句型。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句结构It was . that .，对句子的时间状语one year ago进行强调，所以填that。4by考查介词。分析句子结构可知，破折号后为补充说明的内容，空前用了过去分词followed，表示被动概念，所以填by。5to finish考查非谓语动词。此处考查make it形容词to do sth.，其中it作形式宾语，不定式短语作真正的宾语，所以填to finish。6Arriving考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，动词arrive和句子谓语d
33、idnt know之间没有连词，且和句子主语Senior Gabe Martel构成逻辑上的主谓关系，故用其现在分词形式Arriving。7beneficial考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应为形容词，在系动词was后作表语，所以填beneficial。8themselves考查代词。adapt oneself“使自己适应”，是固定用法，又根据主语“They”可知，应填反身代词themselves。9extremely考查副词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用副词，修饰形容词cold，作状语，所以填extremely。10months考查名词复数。结合空前的a couple of (几个)可知，此处应用可数名词的复数形式，所以填months。第二板块写作系列专项提能我们在分册一微时光背诵中已对高考常考的写作体裁进行了分类整理编写，通过一些经典范文的背诵、模仿，已掌握了各类体裁的写作范式和基本套路，掌握了基本的写作思路和要点。如果说模仿和背诵解决的是各体裁的写作个性问题，那么，本部分则通过如何写对、写美，解决写作中的共性问题。本部分与分册一的内容相辅相成、相促相长，实现了课堂与课下互补，双线并进、共同提高，以期帮学生解决写作“老大难”问题。
