1、组合练5.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A(2020河北省衡水中学高三下学期第一次模拟考试)Weve known that sitting for long periods of time every day has countless health consequences，like a higher risk of heart disease.But now a new study has found that sitting is also bad for your brain.A study published last week，condu
2、cted by Dr.Prabha Siddarth at the University of California，showed that sedentary(久坐的)behavior is associated with reduced thickness of the medial temporal lobe(中颞叶)，a brain area that is critical to learning and memory.The researchers asked a group of 35 healthy people，ages 45 to 70，about their activi
3、ty levels and the average number of hours each day spent sitting and then scanned their brains.They found that the subjects who reported sitting for longer periods had the thinnest medial temporal lobes.It means that the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health，resulting
4、in possible damage to learning and memory.What is also interesting is that this study did not find a significant association between the level of physical activity and thickness of this brain area，suggesting that exercise，even severe exercise，may not be enough to protect you from the harmful effects
5、 of sitting.It then surprisingly turned out that you dont even have to move much to enhance cognition(认知)；just standing will do the trick.For example，two groups of subjects were asked to complete a test while either sitting or standing.Participants are presented with conflicting stimuli(刺激)，like the
6、 word “green” in blue ink，and asked to name the color.Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 3-milicond margin .The cognitive effects of severe physical exercise are well known.But the possibility that standing more and sitting less improves brain health could lower the bar for ever
7、yone.I know，this all runs counter to received ideas about deep thought，from our grade school teachers，who told us to sit down and focus，to Rodins famous “Thinker，” seated with chin on hand.They were wrong.You can now all stand up.1What can we infer from Paragraphs 3 and 4?ASevere exercise can lessen
8、 the damage of sitting.BSevere exercise can greatly improve our brain health.CSedentary behavior will possibly damage our brain.DBrain health has nothing to do with sedentary behavior.2What does the underlined word “margin” in Paragraph 5 mean?ABlank.BEdge.CDecrease.DDifference.3What is the received
9、 idea about deep thought?ASitting more is good for our mental health.BSitting is better when we think.CExercise more can improve our cognition.DWe should stand while thinking.4The passage mainly tells us .Apeople tend to sit while thinkingBstanding more can make our brain healthierCphysical exercise
10、 can improve our brain healthDsedentary behavior leads to countless health problems【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了站着思考能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的这一现象。1推理判断题。由第三段最后一句中的“.the more time you spend in a chair the worse it is for your brain health，.”和第四段中的“.exercise，even severe exercise，may not be enough to pro
11、tect you from the harmful effects of sitting.”，可知久坐的行为可能会损害我们的大脑。故选C项。2词义猜测题。由第五段最后一句“Subjects thinking on their feet beat those who sat by a 32-millisecond margin .”(站着思考的受试者会以32毫秒的差异击败坐着的受试者。)，可知margin在此处意为“差异”。故选D项。3细节理解题。根据倒数第二段，这一切都与我们从小学老师那里得到的关于深思熟虑的想法背道而驰，他们让我们坐下集中注意力，还有罗丹著名的“思想者”，手托下巴坐着。可知我
12、们以前接受的关于深思熟虑的想法是坐着思考更好。故选B项。4主旨大意题。文章第一段说现在一项新的研究发现，坐着对大脑也有害，后面文章主要介绍了多站立能够使人的大脑更加健康、思维更加敏捷的现象。故选B项。B(陕西西安地区八校20192020学年高三上学期第一次联考) “Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？” Lindsey whispers to Tori.With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did，Sean told me two days ago.”Who are Lindsey an
13、d Tori talking about? It just happened to be yours truly，Adam Freedman，I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still，Lindsey and Tori arent very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me.Many of our conversations are gossip (闲话)I have
14、 noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group.An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually，gossip spreads information about a topicbreakups，trou
15、ble at home，even dropping outthat a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain.If we know that gossip c
16、an be harmful，then why do so many of us do it? The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor (传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others dont.Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part
17、 of the “in group”In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority (优越感)Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing beh
18、aviors in a group.Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The dos and donts conveyed through gossip w
19、ill never show up in any student handbook.The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.5The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage
20、to .Aintroduce a topicBpresent an argumentCdescribe the charactersDclarify his writing purpose6In the authors opinion，many people like to gossip because it .Agives them a feeling of pleasure Bhelp them to make more friendsCmakes them better at telling stories Denables them to meet important people7P
21、rofessor David Wilson thinks that gossip can .Aprovide students with written rulesBhelp people watch their own behaviorsCforce school to improve student handbooksDattract the polices attention to group behaviors8What advice does the author give in the passage?ANever become a gossiper.BStay away from
22、 gossipers.CDont let gossip turn into lies.DThink twice before you gossip.【答案】5.A6.A7.B8.D【解析】本文是一篇议论文。文章最开始由一个例子引出要说的主题，讨论了传言的危害并举出了例子和人们为什么喜欢传闲话，和说闲话带给人们的满足感以及流言带来的影响。5推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)”即我们的话题很多都是闲话，可知开头的对话是为了介绍本文的主题。故选A。6细节理解题。根据文章第五段的“The answer lies in anot
23、her effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us，”可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感。故选A。7细节理解题。根据文章第六段的“Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.”可知他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为。故选B。8细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的“The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you
24、want to gossip and what effects your juicy story might have.”可知作者的建议是让人们在传言之前三思而后行。故选D。.完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。(2020广东省佛山市高考英语模拟试题)Two Texas football players have gone viral(走红) after they knelt together in prayer(祈祷)And it couldnt have come at a more 1
25、moment.The final whistle sounded after a(n) 2 game that saw Sherman High School completely defeat West Mesquite High 5655.What happened next left the crowd 3 : Shermans Gage Smith，instead of 4 with his team，went over to Mesquites Ty Jordan and the two took a knee together.The 5 was that Smith recent
26、ly learned that Jordans mother，Tiffany，was battling stage 4 cancer，and that was 6 the two players knelt in prayer for Jordons family.As the two 7 ，the wife of Smiths coach snapped a picture of the heartwarming moment.And then Jordans aunt 8 the image on Facebook，obtaining more than 100,000 9 in just
27、 an hour.The moving 10 made Tiffany cry.Its been a hard time for Tiffany，who was diagnosed(诊断) with lung and bone cancer last winter.The 11 hospital stays cost Tiffany her job earlier this month，and 12 ，her health insurance.And she now has to 13 the high cost of treatments herself.Smiths 14 prayer l
28、ifted her spirits.Smith said he and Jordan had played on a summer football team together before becoming 15 this last game.However，Smith wont let this break their 16 .“During the game，were gonna play and try to 17 ，but you still have that 18 for the other opponent，” says Smith.“I wanted to do that p
29、rayer for him.”“Hes such a true leader and he is so 19 that a lot of the guys on the team 20 him，” said head coach JD.Martinez.“Im glad that other people are having the opportunity to see it，too.”1A.importantBdifficultCtouchingDentertaining2A.amusingBtoughCeducationalDnation-wide3A.embarrassedBconfu
30、sedCfrustratedDannoyed4A.celebratingBprayingCpracticingDfighting5A.truthBproblemCnewsDsecret6A.whenBwhereChowDwhy7A.whisperedBhuggedCshook handsDstood up8A.postedBfoundCscannedDpolished9A.rewardsBcopiesCvotesDlikes10A.gameBreunionCgestureDspirit11A.temporaryBover-nightClongDsecret12A.in turnBin a wa
31、yCfor a momentDwithout exception13A.look forward toBforget aboutCcoverDestimate14A.frequentBdailyCunexpectedDunconditional15A.acquaintancesBenemiesCplayersDcaptains16A.heartsBroutinesCpromiseDbond17A.compromiseBcooperateClearnDwin18A.respectBpassionCblameDsorrow19A.enthusiasticBambitiousCaggressiveD
32、sympathetic20A.inspiredBfollowedCinstructedDunderstood【答案】1.C2.B3.B4.A5.A6.D7.B8A9.D10.C11.C12.A13.C14.C15.B16D17.D18.A19.D20.B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了在橄榄球比赛结束后，谢尔曼高中的盖奇史密斯没有和他的队伍一起庆祝胜利，而是走到梅斯基特的泰乔丹跟前，两人一起跪了下来祈祷。他们跪在一起祈祷以此走红网络。短文并报道了史密斯这么做的原因。这个事件之后反应的是虽然是竞争对手，但他们彼此尊重对方。1考查形容词辨析。句意：没有比这更令人感动的时刻了。A.importa
33、nt 重要的；B.difficult 困难的；C.touching令人感动的；D.entertaining令人愉快的。由“Two Texas football players have gone viral(走红) after they knelt together in prayer(祈祷)”可知，两名德克萨斯州的足球运动员在一起跪下祈祷，所以没有比这更令人感动的时刻了。故选C。2考查形容词辨析。句意：在一场艰难的比赛之后，终场哨声响起，谢尔曼中学以56：55击败西梅斯基高中。A.amusing有趣的；B.tough 艰难的；C.educational教育的；D.nation-wide 全国
34、范围的。由“5655”可知，比分很接近，可见比赛很艰难。故选B。3考查形容词辨析。句意：接下来发生的事情让观众感到困惑：谢尔曼的盖奇史密斯没有和他的队伍一起庆祝，而是走到梅斯韦特的泰乔丹身边，两人一起屈膝祈祷。A.embarrassed 尴尬的；B.confused 困惑的；C.frustrated沮丧的；D.annoyed 恼火的。谢尔曼的盖奇史密斯没有和他的队员一起庆祝，而是走到梅斯韦特的泰乔丹身边，两人一起屈膝祈祷。这让观众感到困惑。故选B。4考查动词辨析。句意：接下来发生的事情让观众感到困惑：谢尔曼的盖奇史密斯没有和他的队伍一起庆祝，而是走到梅斯韦特的泰乔丹身边，两人一起屈膝祈祷。A.
35、celebrating庆祝；B.praying 祈祷；C.practicing 练习；D.fighting战斗。由“went over to Mesquites Ty Jordan and the two took a knee together”可知，谢尔曼的盖奇史密斯没有和他的队员一起庆祝，而是走到梅斯韦特的泰乔丹身边，两人一起屈膝祈祷。故选A。5考查名词辨析。句意：事实是，史密斯最近得知乔丹的母亲，蒂芙尼，正在与4期癌症作斗争，这就是为什么两名球员跪下来为乔丹的家人祈祷的原因。A.truth事实；B.problem问题；C.news 新闻；D.secret 秘密。由“Jordans mo
36、ther，Tiffany，was battling stage 4 cancer”可知，乔丹的母亲，蒂芙尼，正在与4期癌症作斗争。这是事实。故选A。6考查连接副词辨析。句意：事实是，史密斯最近得知乔丹的母亲，蒂芙尼，正在与4期癌症作斗争，这就是为什么两名球员跪下来为乔登的家人祈祷的原因。分析句子可知，本句揭示了为什么两名球员跪下来为乔的家人祈祷的原因。所以本句为why引导的表语从句。故选D。7考查动词/动词短语辨析。句意：当两人拥抱时，史密斯教练的妻子拍下了这温馨时刻的照片。A.whispered低声说；B.hugged拥抱；C.shook hands 握手；D.stood up站起来。由上文
37、可知，两人一起屈膝祈祷，所以会有拥抱这个动作。故选B。8考查动词辨析。句意：然后乔丹的姑姑在Facebook上发布了这张照片，在短短一个小时内获得了超过10万个赞。A.posted发布；B.found 找到；C.scanned 扫描；D.polished 抛光。由前文“the image on Facebook，obtaining more than 100,000 likes in just an hour.”可知，乔丹的姑姑在Facebook上发布了这张照片。故选A。9考查名词辨析。句意：然后乔丹的姑姑在Facebook上发布了这张照片，在短短一个小时内获得了超过10万个赞。A.rewar
38、ds 奖励；B.copies副本；C.votes 投票；D.likes 喜欢。由前文的“And it couldnt have come at a more 1 moment”可知，这样的行动感动了所有人，所以在短短一个小时内获得了超过10万个赞。故选D。10考查名词辨析。句意：这个感人的动作让蒂芙尼哭了。A.game 游戏；B.reunion重聚；C.gesture 示意动作；D.spirit 精神。由前文的“the two took a knee together”可知，这个感人的动作让蒂芙尼哭了。故选C。11考查形容词辨析。句意：由于长期住院，蒂芙尼本月早些时候失去了工作，并因此失去了医
39、疗保险。A.temporary 暂时的；B.over-night 一夜之间；C.long长的；D.secret秘密的。由“cost Tiffany her job earlier this month”可知，蒂芙尼本月早些时候失去了工作是因为长期住院导致的。故选C。12考查介词短语辨析。句意：由于长期住院，蒂芙尼本月早些时候失去了工作，并因此失去了医疗保险。A.in turn依次；B.in a way 在某种程度上；C.for a moment 一会儿；D.without exception 无一例外。失去了工作自然就失去了医疗保险。故选A。13考查动词/动词短语辨析。句意：她现在必须自己支付
40、高昂的治疗费用。A.look forward to 期待；B.forget about忘记；C.cover 支付；D.estimate估计。没有了工作和保险，就需要自己支付高昂的治疗费用。故选C。14考查形容词辨析。句意：史密斯出人意料的祈祷使她振奋起来。A.frequent 频繁的；B.daily 每日的；C.unexpected 意外的；D.unconditional 无条件的。由前文“What happened next left the crowd puzzled”可知，史密斯出人意料的祈祷使她振奋起来。故选C。15考查名词辨析。句意：史密斯说，在上一场比赛成为敌人之前，他和乔丹曾一起
41、参加过一个夏季足球队的比赛。A.acquaintances熟人；B.enemies敌人；C.players 玩家；D.captains船长。由“Smith said he and Jordan had played on a summer football team together”可知，他们以合作者的身份曾一起参加过一个夏季足球队的比赛，所以之前是竞争对手，也就是所谓的“敌人”。故选B。16考查名词辨析。句意：但是，史密斯不会让这打破他们的联系。A.hearts 红心；B.routines例行程序；C.promise承诺；D.bond 联系。由“however”可知，前后语意转折，尽管是竞
42、争对手，但史密斯不会让这打破他们的联系。故选D。17考查动词辨析。句意：史密斯说：“在比赛中，我们会努力争取胜利，但你仍然要尊重其他对手。”A.compromise妥协；B.cooperate合作；C.learn 学习；D.win获胜。由常识可知，比赛都是为了获胜。故选D。18考查名词辨析。句意：史密斯说：“在比赛中，我们会努力争取胜利，但你仍然要尊重其他对手。”A.respect尊重；B.passion 激情；C.blame 责备；D.sorrow悲伤。史密斯同泰乔丹一起屈膝祈祷，这就是尊重对方的表现，所以在比赛中要尊重对手。故选A。19考查形容词辨析。句意：他是一个真正的领导者，他是如此富
43、有同情心，以至于球队里的很多人都跟随着他。A.enthusiastic 热情的；B.ambitious雄心勃勃的；C.aggressive 好斗的；D.sympathetic 有同情心的。由“a lot of the guys on the team followed him”可知，球队里的很多人都跟随着史密斯，是因为他富有同情心。故选D。20考查动词辨析。句意：他是一个真正的领导者，他是如此的富有同情心，团队中的很多人都追随他。A.inspired激励；B.followed 追随；C.instructed 指导；D.understood明白。由“Hes such a true leader”可知，史密斯是一个真正的领导者且有富有同情心，所以很多队员追随着他。故选B。
