1、上海市洋泾中学2020-2021学年高二英语上学期期中试题（含解析）II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other bl
2、anks, use one word that best fits each blank. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。How Running Helped Me Turn My Life AroundIve never been an athlete. In my twenties, I went for an occasional yoga class, but that was really the summary of all my athletic accomplishments. That was until the end of 2016, _
3、1_ I was unexpectedly laid off. I was feeling quite depressed but pushed myself to go and cheer for the TCS NYC Marathon runners as the course was going through our neighborhood. However, while _2_ (be) there, I got lots of energy from all the runners, smiling and applauding. Not a runner myself, I
4、thought maybe I _3_ give running a try just to use my neglected gym membership and see where it takes me. And so I tried. I went to my local gym the next morning and got on a treadmill（跑步机）. I was out of breath my minute five, but I slowed down, _4_ (walk) for a bit and then restarted. I came back t
5、he next day, hoping to last a few minutes _5_ (long). By the end of two weeks, I could run for 30 minutes, which was a huge success. While I saw my body starting to look more toned, I also noticed my negative thoughts didnt occur that frequently. And it sparked a thought - what if I could set a runn
6、ing goal and sign up for my first - ever race? I did and races became a new hobby. _6_ the meantime, I was able to acquire a few freelance（自由职业的）projects. They offered me a good income, and, most importantly, the time _7_ (work) out for the big race. Also, when I was going for interviews, I started
7、to feel very confident of my abilities, experience and skills. I got my full-time job offer at my dream company just a couple of weeks before the half marathon. _8_ I got an injury from over-training right before the race, I still went for it and still finished within my _9_ (expect) time. I still h
8、ave a long running journey ahead of me - Id love to work on my speed, my technique and I dream of running a marathon outside of the US. Running gives me faith _10_ I can do anything I set my mind to.【答案】1. when 2. being 3. could 4. walked 5. longer 6. In 7. to work 8. Though/ Although 9. expected 10
9、. that【解析】【分析】本文一篇记叙文，文章介绍跑步如何改变作者的生活。【1题详解】考查定语从句。句意：“直到2016年底，我意外被解雇。” 本句中the end of 2016为表示时间的名词，在后面从句中做时间状语，故用when引导定语从句，故填when.【2题详解】考查非谓语从句。句意：“然而，在那里，我从所有跑步者那里得到了很多能量，微笑和鼓掌。”本句中主句的主语为I，be和主语形成逻辑的主动关系，故填being。【3题详解】考查情态动词。句意：“我自己并不是一个跑步者，我想也许我可以尝试一下跑步，利用被我忽视的健身房会员资格，看看它能给我带来什么。”本句中give一词提示，前面需
10、要一个加动词原形的词，再根据句意和上下文的时态，应用情态动词could .故填could。【4题详解】考查动词时态。句意：“我放慢了脚步，走了一会儿，然后又重新开始。”根据slowed, restarted可知，为三个并列的谓语动词，故填walked。【5题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：“第二天我又回来了，希望能多呆几分钟”根据上文句意，存在语意上的比较。故填longer。【6题详解】考查介词短语。句意：“同时,我能够获得一些自由职业者(自由职业的)项目。”in the meanwhile同时为固定的介词短语。故填in。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：“他们给了我一份不错的收入，而且，最重
11、要的是，我有时间为这场大赛锻炼身体。”根据短语offer sb sth to do sth, 提供某人某物去做.事。故填to work.【8题详解】考查让步状语从句。 句意：“虽然我在比赛前因为过度训练而受伤，但我还是坚持了下来，并且在我预期的时间内完成了比赛。”根据句意，应用although or though引导让步状语从句。故填 although/though。【9题详解】考查形容词变形。句意：“虽然我在比赛前因为过度训练而受伤，但我还是坚持了下来，并且在我预期的时间内完成了比赛。”根据my, time 可知，本空需要形容词，expect的形容词为expected预期的。故填 expec
12、ted。【10题详解】考查同位语从句。 句意：“跑步给了我信心，我可以做任何我决心做的事情”本句是对faith的具体解释，句意和结构完整，用that引导同位语从句，故填that。【点睛】根据周围提示词解题，是语法填空题的做题技巧，例如第9空，根据my, time提示，需要形容词修饰。所以考生可以根据周围的提示词和基本的语法规则判断所需答案。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there
13、is one word more than you need. A. tightly B. round C. stuck D. spirits E. encouraging F. desperately G. strengths H. frustrating I. clapped J. arrest K. collapsed Italians Find “Moments of Joy in this Moment of Anxiety”It started with the national anthem. Then came the piano chords, trumpet blasts,
14、 violin serenades（小夜曲）and even the clanging of pots and pans all of its spilling from peoples homes, out of windows and from balconies. Finally, on Saturday afternoon, a nationwide _11_ of applause broke out for the doctors on the medical front lines fighting the spread of Europes worst coronavirus
15、outbreak. Italians remain essentially under house _12_ as the nation, the European front in the global fight against the coronavirus, has ordered extraordinary restrictions on their movement to prevent infection. But the music and noise erupting over the streets, from people _13_ in their homes, ref
16、lects the spirit and humor of a nation facing its worst national emergency since the Second World War. It has also demonstrated the _14_ of those national characters. In China patriotic truck drivers risked infection to bring _15_ needed food to the people of Wuhan, the center of the outbreak. In Ir
17、an, videos show doctors in masks dancing to keep _16_ up. And in Italy, the gestures of gratitude and music ring out above the countrys empty streets, while social media feeds are filled with _17_, touching and humorous web videos. Images of nurses who _18_ from exhaustion or their faces bruised（使受淤
18、伤）from _19_ sealed masks have also spread across the web in recent days. Parents posted pictures of unicorns and rainbows drawn by young children with the title It will all be OK.Were Italians, and loving singing is part of our culture said Giorgio Albertini 51, an archaeology professor who _20_ fro
19、m his apartment balcony in the university district of Milan, calling it a way to feel a community, and to have the collective grief.【答案】11. B 12. J 13. C 14. G 15. F 16. D 17. E 18. K 19. A 20. I【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了意大利人在抗疫的焦虑时刻，通过音乐找到了快乐，以积极心态面对疫情。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：最后，在周六下午，全国范围内爆发了一阵热烈的掌声，送给医疗一线的医生们，他们抗
20、击着欧洲最严重的冠状病毒疫情的蔓延。a nationwide _1_ of applause是名词所有格，此空用名词形式，固定搭配a round of（一连串的、一场），名词round（轮次、场）符合句意。故选B项。【12题详解】考查名词。句意：意大利人基本上仍然居家，作为全球抗击冠状病毒的欧洲阵线，国家已经下令对意大利人的行动进行特别限制，以防止感染。此处用名词作介词under的宾语，固定搭配house arrest （软禁、居家），名词arrest符合句意。故选J项。【13题详解】考查过去分词。句意：但是，街道上爆发的音乐和噪音，来自被困在家中的人们，反映了一个国家面对二战以来最严重的国家
21、紧急情况的精神和幽默。分析句子可知，此处用过去分词作名词people的后置定语，过去分词stuck（困住）符合句意。故选C项。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：它也展示了这些民族性格的长处。the _4_ of those national characters是名词所有格，此空用名词形式，名词strengths（长处）符合句意。故选G项。【15题详解】考查副词。句意：在中国，爱国的卡车司机冒着感染的危险给武汉疫情中心的人民带来急需的食物。此处用副词作状语修饰过去分词needed（此处用作形容词），副词desperately（极度地）符合句意。故选F项。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：在伊朗，视频显
22、示医生戴着口罩跳舞以保持精神向上。此处用名词作动词keep的宾语，名词spirits（精神）符合句意。故选D项。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：在意大利，感激的手势和音乐响彻了这个国家的空旷街道，而社交媒体的订阅则充斥着鼓励、感人和幽默的网络视频。由后面的形容词touching和humorous可知，此处用形容词作定语修饰名词短语web videos，形容词encouraging（鼓舞人心的）符合句意。故选E项。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：最近几天，护士们因疲惫而倒下或脸上戴着密封的口罩擦伤的照片也在网上流传开来。此处是who引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，动词collapsed（倒下、昏
23、倒）符合句意。故选K项。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：最近几天，护士们因疲惫而倒下或脸上戴着密封的口罩擦伤的照片也在网上流传开来。此处用副词作状语修饰过去分词sealed（此处用作形容词），副词tightly（紧紧地）符合句意。故选A项。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：“我们是意大利人，热爱歌唱是我们文化的一部分，”51岁的考古学教授Giorgio Albertini说，他在米兰大学区的公寓阳台上鼓掌，称这是一种“感受一个社区，感受集体悲痛”的方式。此处是who引导的定语从句，从句缺少谓语动词，动词clapped（鼓掌）符合句意。故选I项。III. Reading Comprehensions
24、Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The true purpose of a business, Peter Drucker said, is to create and keep customers. Customer value has several d
25、efinitions. I use the _21_ to mean the total lifetime value of a companys customer base. Companies can increase this value by _22_ more customers, earning more business from existing ones, keeping them longer, making their experience simpler through digital improvements and so on. Visionary leaders
26、have long understood the importance of _23_ on customer value rather than pursuing short-term profits or quarterly earnings, and theyve become enduring customer loyalty leaders in the process. Its worth noting that a number of loyalty-leading companies are able to _24_ shareholder pressure, or avoid
27、 it altogether. Companies can _25_ customer value in a variety of ways: To increase _26_, software companies sometimes charge corporate customers change fees that can raise the total cost of ownership to as much as three times the original price. To reduce operating costs, restaurant chains sometime
28、s _27_ frozen and precooked ingredients in place of fresh and made-to-order food. The resulting profits may look good on the income statement. Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth. But they also _28_ potential customers and encourage disloyalty. Given the importance of custome
29、r value, leaders should track it as much as they track other key assets, such as buildings, machinery, and marketable securities. They also should reveal it in their quarterly and annual earnings reports so that investors can make _29_ judgments about company performance and how it compares with tha
30、t of industry peers. But most companies _30_ believe that measuring customer value is too difficult or costly. They continue to rely on a centuries-old accounting tradition that emphasizes physical and financial assets, and neither income statements nor balance sheets offer much _31_ into the value
31、of a companys customers. As investors wake up to the importance of customer value, however, many growth-stage companies now direct investors attention to _32_ in growing the value of their customer base. Some public companies increasingly report various types of customer value metrics. One of the UK
32、s top energy suppliers E.ON, _33_, reports year-over-year customer counts in its financial report. As a customer-focused company, E.ON noted, we see customer value as crucial to our success. This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements, investors still
33、 have a(n) _34_ picture. The minority of companies that do provide customer value information decide for themselves what to disclose. _35_, firms may calculate customer metrics differently or change them to tell a desired story, or simply stop reporting them if they fail to go with the companys pref
34、erred narrative.21. A. itemB. versionC. termD. definition22. A. persuadingB. consultingC. acquiringD. inspecting23. A. remarkingB. concentratingC. commentingD. operating24. A. resistB. increaseC. intensifyD. maintain25. A. raiseB. adoptC. calculateD. destroy26. A. incomeB. experienceC. productivityD
35、. demand27. A. separateB. substituteC. forbidD. combine28. A. appeal toB. rely onC. put downD. scare off29. A. informedB. subjectiveC. definitiveD. independent30. A. fullyB. hardlyC. readilyD. wrongly31. A. ambitionB. devotionC. possibilityD. visibility32. A. sacrificeB. successC. prejudiceD. expens
36、e33. A. as a resultB. for exampleC. on the contraryD. in general34. A. incompleteB. depressingC. convincingD. vivid35. A. InsteadB. BesidesC. OtherwiseD. Therefore【答案】21. C 22. C 23. D 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. B 33. B 34. A 35. B【解析】本题是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了顾客价值对于公司发展的重大意义，作者认为公司应该
37、重视客户价值，因为它不仅能提高利润，而且能够持久地提高公司的可信度。【21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我使用的这个术语指的是一个公司客户群的整个生命周期价值。A. item项；B. version版本；C. term术语；D. definition定义。该空上一句提及的“customer value（顾客价值）”是一个术语。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：公司通过提高这种价值来赢得更多客户。A. persuading说服；B. consulting咨询；C. acquiring获得；D. inspecting视察，观察。通过“earning more business fro
38、m existing ones”（从现有的客户里赚取更多的利润），可以判断出获得更多客户才有更多利润。故选C。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期以来，远见卓识的领导者都明白运营客户价值的重要性，而不是追求短期利润或季度收益，在这个过程中，他们已经成为持久的客户忠诚度领导者。A. remarking评论；B. concentrating集中；C. commenting评论；D. operating运营，操作。结合后文“on customer value”可知此处指运营客户价值，应用operate。故选D。【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：值得注意的是有许多把客户忠诚度看得重的公司能够
39、抵御股东压力。A. resist抵抗；B. increase增加；C. intensify加强；D. maintain维持。根据后句的“or avoid it altogether”（或者可以一同抵御它们），可以判断该空与后面的句子在语义上表达的同一个意思，即抵御风险。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在很多方式上，公司也可能破坏了顾客价值。A. raise提出；B. adopt采纳，收养；C. calculate计算；D. destroy破坏。通过该段后文的“Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth.
40、But they”（如此策略甚至会导致短期的收益增长，但是）从这句可以判断出，短期策略对公司长久发展是不利。故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：为了提高收入，计算机公司有时向公司顾客征收公司所有权变更费，高达原始费用3倍之多。A. income收入；B. experience经历，经验；C. productivity生产力；D. demand要求。通过该段后文的“The resulting profits may look good on the income statement.”（ 结果从收入账单上看，最后收益看起来还不错）。可以看出，公司采取这些策略的目的是提高收益，减少成本。
41、故选A。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了减少运营成本，一些连锁餐馆有时会用速冻或预加工食材而不是新鲜的、定制的食物。A. separate分隔；B. substitute代替；C. forbid禁止；D. combine组合。该句上提及“To reduce operating costs”（为了减少运营成本），可以判断出公司会采取手段来缩减运营成本，用速冻或预加工产品代替新鲜定制的食物会提升餐馆运营效率，从而提高营业额。故选B。【28题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：他们会把潜在客户吓跑并助长客户“不忠”。A. appeal to对有吸引力；B. rely on依靠；C. put do
42、wn放下；D. scare off吓跑。该空前一句提及“Such strategies may even lead to short-term earnings growth.”（如此策略甚至会得到短期收入增长），但话锋一转，作者使用了but，可以推断出其实这种做法并不是最可靠有效的，甚至是吓跑潜在客户群。故选D。【29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者可以对公司的业绩表现有一个清晰的评判。A. informed了解情况的；B. subjective主观的；C. definitive确信的；D. independent独立自主的。下文提及公司应该公开一些报表数据，从消费者角度就可以得到更
43、多信息从而客观评价公司的业绩了。故选A。【30题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但大多数公司错误地认为衡量顾客价值是一项困难且开销大的事情。A. fully彻底地；B. hardly艰难地；C. readily毫不犹豫，迅速地；D. wrongly错误地。该空前面的but可以推断出，在现实当中，大多数公司并没有像文章中那样做，而是理所当然认为衡量顾客价值的方法不可取。故选D。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：收入账单及结余账单都无法充足地提供关于公司客户价值数据。A. ambition野心；B. devotion奉献；C. possibility可能性；D. visibility可见。因为上
44、文提及好多公司并没有恒量顾客价值，自然也就没有可看得到的相关数据。故选D。【32题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，许多公司都将注意力转移到如何成功提高客户群的价值上面。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. success成功；C. prejudice偏见；D. expense花费。上文提及虽然有很多公司开始考虑顾客价值这一问题，但是还是有很多公司没有考虑到如何成功提升客户群价值。故选B。【33题详解】考查固定短语辨析。句意：例如，英国顶尖的能源供应商（E.ON），每年都会在财务报道中纰漏其客户人头。A. as a result因此；B. for example例如；C. on the con
45、trary恰相反；D. in general大体上。作者在这里以英国能源供应商的实际例子来支撑客户价值意义这一观点。故选B。34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：投资者并没有一个完整的图景（整体情况）。A. incomplete不完整的；B. depressing沮丧的，萧条的；C. convincing有说服力的；D. vivid栩栩如生的。前文提及“This is a start, but because there are no customer-value reporting standards or requirements”（这才是开始，没有客户价值体系标准及要求）可以判断，在这一
46、“客户价值”问题还有许多事情亟待完善，所以对于投资者来说，图景是不完整的。故选A。【35题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，公司统计客户价值指标也各不相同，也会改变指标编造一个想得到的故事。A. Instead相反；B. Besides此外；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。该空前后提及的两种情况是递进关系，所以使用“此外”较为合适。故选B。Section BDirections: Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished s
47、tatements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. APapa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to work in a factory, for education was for the rich then. So
48、, the world became his school. With great interest, he read everything he could lay his hands on, listened to the town elders and learned about the world beyond his tiny hometown. Theres so much to learn, hed say. Though were born stupid, only the stupid remain that way. He was determined that none
49、of his children would be denied an education. Thus, Papa insisted that we learn at least one new thing each day. Though, as children, we thought this was crazy, it would never have occurred to us to deny Papa a request. And dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned. We would talk ab
50、out the news of the day; no matter how insignificant, it was never taken lightly. Papa would listen carefully and was ready with some comment, always to the point. Then came the momentthe time to share the days new learning. Papa, at the head of the table, would push back his chair and pour a glass
51、of red wine, ready to listen. Felice, hed say, tell me what you learned today.I learned that the population of Nepal is .Silence. Papa was thinking about what was said, as if the salvation of the world would depend upon it. The population of Nepal. Hmm. Well . hed say. Get the map; lets see where Ne
52、pal is. And the whole family went on a search for Nepal. This same experience was repeated until each family member had a turn. Dinner ended only after we had a clear understanding of at least half a dozen such facts. As children, we thought very little about these educational wonders. Our family, h
53、owever, was growing together, sharing experiences and participating in one anothers education. And by looking at us, listening to us, respecting out input, affirming our value, giving us a sense of dignity, Papa was unquestionably our most influential teacher. Later during my training as a future te
54、acher, I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all along - the value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life. Not a single day has been wasted, though I can never tell when knowing the population of Nepal might prove usefu
55、l.36. What do we know from the first paragraph?A. The poor could hardly afford school education.B. Those born stupid could not change their life.C. The town elders wanted to learn about the world.D. The authors father was born in a workers family.37. The underlined word it in the second paragraph re
56、fers to _A. one new thingB. a requestC. some commentD. the news38. It can be learned from the passage that the author _.A. enjoyed talking about newsB. knew very well about NepalC appreciated his fathers educational techniqueD. felt regret about those wasted days39. What is the greatest value of din
57、ner time to the author?A. Showing talentsB. Continual learningC. Family get-togetherD. Winning Papas approval【答案】36. A 37. D 38. C 39. B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者的父亲由于贫穷无法读书，但是他对学习很重视，要求自己的孩子每天都要学习新知识，强调持续学习。表达了作者对于父亲的敬爱。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中“Papa, as a son of a dirt-poor farmer, left school early and went to
58、work in a factory, for education was for the rich then.(爸爸是一个赤贫农民儿子，他很早就离开了学校，到一家工厂工作，因为那时教育是富人的事)”可知，穷人几乎负担不起学校教育。故选 A。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“We would talk about the news of the day; no matter how insignificant”可知我们会谈论一天的新闻，不论这新闻重要与否，都不会掉以轻心。可知，it 指代的是上文的news，故选D。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Later during my
59、training as a future teacher, I studied with some of the most famous educators. They were imparting what Papa had known all alongthe value of continual learning. His technique has served me well all my life.(后来，在我接受培训成为一名未来的教师期间，我师从了一些最著名的教育家。他们在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西持续学习的价值。他的技术使我受益终生)”可推知，作者很欣赏他父亲的教育技巧。故选C。
60、【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“They were imparting what Papa had known all alongthe value of continual learning.His technique has served me well all my life.(他们在传授爸爸一直都知道的东西持续学习的价值。他的技术使我受益终生)”结合上文讲述父亲每天都让孩子们讨论当天所发生的重大事情，以此来让孩子每天都学到新的知识，这样的讨论都是在吃饭的时候进行的，由此可推知“dinner time”对作者最大的价值是持续学习。故选B。BUp-skilling is the
61、future - but it must work for everyoneAutomation and job replacement will be one of the most significant challenges for the global economy of the coming decades. A 2017 Mckinsey report established that 375 million workers will need to switch occupational categories by 2030. The World Economic Forum
62、suggests that by 2022, automation will replace 75 million jobs globally - but create 133 million new ones. Research into the likelihood that a job will be impacted by digitization has largely focused on the auto-matability of the role and the following economic regional and political effects of this
63、. What this research doesnt take into account is something more important for the millions of taxi drivers and retail workers across the globe: their likelihood of being able to change to another job that isnt automatable. Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that
64、enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions. In July, Amazon announced that it would spend $700 million retraining around 30% of its 300,000 US workforce. While p
65、raiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers - often low-skilled - will miss out. Governance will be a crucial element of ensuring that such scheme
66、s focus on individuals and life-long learning, rather than upskilling workers into roles that will soon also face automation. According to the Mckinsey report, growing awareness of the scale of the task ahead has yet to translate into action. Public spending on labour-force training and support has
67、fallen for years in most member countries of the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, which impacts more than just the low-skilled. The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequality increased throughout
68、 the world. Billions of people do not have the essentials of life as defined by the UN Sustainable Development goals. Alongside climate change, automation is arguably techs biggest challenge. As with globalization, governments and employers - and us workers - ignore its potential consequences at ris
69、k to ourselves.40. It can be known from Paragraph 2 that _.A. recent research has found ways to face automationB. broad skills are of great significance in changing jobsC. regional economy can affect the automatability of a jobD. it is even harder for workers to move up the social ladder41. What is
70、the authors attitude towards retraining programs?A. Supportive.B. CriticalC. DoubtfulD. Sympathetic42. According to the author, what is one consequence of automation?A. Less spending on trainingB. A slowdown of globalizationC. Social unrest and instability.D. An increase in income inequality43. The
71、passage is written to _A. argue the urgency of creating new jobsB. compare globalization with automationC. analyze the automatability of certain jobsD. stress the important of upskilling workers【答案】40. B 41. C 42. D 43. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最大挑战之一。而要应对这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需
72、要的广泛技能。【40题详解】细节理解题。据第二段中“Recent research suggests that the answer to this may be that the skills that enable workers to move up the ladder to more complex roles within their current areas might be less important than broader skills that will enable workers to change across divisions.”（最近的研究表明，这个问题的
73、答案可能是，让员工在当前领域晋升到更复杂角色的技能，可能不如让员工提高跨部门跳槽的更广泛的技能重要。）可知，广泛的技能在换工作中具有重要意义。故选B项。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中“While praiseworthy, it will be interesting to see the outcome. In the UK, the National Retraining Scheme has largely been led by employers, meaning that those on zero-hours contracts and part-time workers
74、 - often low-skilled - will miss out.”（虽然值得称赞，但看到结果会很有趣。在英国，国家再培训计划在很大程度上是由雇主主导的，这意味着那些持零工时合同和兼职工人通常是低技能人才将被淘汰。）转折的语义以及对再培训计划结果的说明可知，作者对再培训项目持怀疑态度。故选C项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“The global impact of automation is also put into relief by research demonstrating that, between 1988 and 2015, income inequali
75、ty increased throughout the world.”（ 研究表明，从1988年到2015年，全世界的收入不平等加剧，这也凸显了自动化对全球的影响。）可知，自动化对全球的影响之一就是收入不平等的加剧。故选D项。【43题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“Up-skilling is the future - but it must work for everyone”（ 提高技能是未来的趋势但它必须适用于每个人），结合文章主要说明了自动化和就业替代将是未来几十年全球经济面临的最重大挑战之一，而对应这一趋势，当务之急是提高自身技能，尤其是跨部门跳槽所需要的广泛技能。文章说明了再培训项
76、目存在的问题，指出自动化是科技面临的最大挑战。由此可以推知，这篇文章是为了强调提高工人技能的重要性。故选D项。Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. The Buy Nothing MovementSocial media, magazin
77、es and shop windows bombard people daily with things to buy, and British consumers are buying more clothes than ever before. The average person spends more than 1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much. _44_ A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. British people c
78、urrently owe about 670 per adult to credit card companies. Also, people are spending money they havent earned to buy things they dont need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill sites.People might not realize the problems because they donate their unwa
79、nted clothes to charities. But charity shops cant sell all those unwanted clothes. A lot of clothes that charities cant sell are sent abroad, causing even more economic and environmental problems. _45_ The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US. On Buy Nothing Day peop
80、le organize various types of protests and cut up their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organize the exchange and repair of items they already own. The trend has now reached influencers on social media who now encourage their viewers not to buy anything at all of for periods as
81、long as a year. Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or buying petrol for
82、 their cars. _46_. The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the roads, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved. _47_ But even if you cant manage a full year without going shopping, you can participate in the anti-consumerist
83、movement by refusing to buy things you dont need.A. In one year, theyd saved $55,000.B. If everyone followed a similar plan, the results would be impressive.C. Online shopping means it is easy for customers to buy without thinking.D. Second-hand clothes are often of too poor quality to recycle in ch
84、arity shops.E. But that figure hides two far more worrying trends for society and for the environmentF. However, a different trend arises in opposition to consumerism - the buy nothing trend.【答案】44. E 45. F 46. A 47. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了英国如今消费者购买了比以往更多地衣服，但是自己并不需要这些衣服的社会现象，同时这一现象也带来了社会和环境方面的担忧。于是社会上
85、有了一种“不买运动”的兴起，介绍了其起源、发展方式和能够产生的积极影响。【44题详解】根据上文“The average person spends more than 1,000 on new clothes a year, which might not sound like much.(英国人平均每年花在新衣服上的钱超过1000英镑，这听起来可能不算多)”以及后文“A lot of consumer spending is by means of credit cards. British people currently owe about 670 per adult to credit
86、 card companies. Also, people are spending money they havent earned to buy things they dont need. Britain throws away 300,000 tons of clothing a year, most of which goes into landfill sites.(许多消费者是通过信用卡进行消费的。目前，英国人每个成年人欠信用卡公司的钱约为670英镑。同时，人们也在用他们还没挣到的钱去买他们不需要的东西。英国每年扔掉30万吨衣服，其中大部分都进入了垃圾填埋场)”可知，上文提到了人
87、们每年买衣服的具体数字，后文则提到了每年也会有30万吨的衣服进入垃圾站，引发环境问题，可推知，本句提出对上文这个数字的具体说明。且E选项中that figure指代上文more than 1,000。故E选项“但是这个数字隐藏了对社会和环境来说两个更令人担忧的趋势”符合语境，故选E。【45题详解】根据下文“The idea originated in Canada in the early 1990s and then moved to the US. On Buy Nothing Day people organize various types of protests and cut up
88、 their credit cards. Throughout the year, Buy Nothing groups organize the exchange and repair of items they already own.(上世纪90年代初，这个想法起源于加拿大，然后传到了美国。在不买东西日，人们组织各种形式的抗议活动，并剪掉他们的信用卡。一整年，不买东西的团体组织交换和修理他们已经拥有的物品)”可知，整个段落谈论的是关于“Buy Nothing Day”观念的起源和发展方式，故本句为本段第一句，是在提出“Buy Nothing Day”观念。故F选项“然而与消费主义相反的另
89、一种不买趋势正在凸显”符合语境，故选F。【46题详解】根据上文“Two friends in Canada spent a year working towards buying only food. For the first three months they learned how to live without buying electrical goods, clothes or things for the house. For the next stage, they gave up services, for example, haircuts, eating out or b
90、uying petrol for their cars.(在加拿大的两个朋友花了一年时间努力只买食物。在最初的三个月里，他们学会了在不买电器、衣服或房子里的东西的情况下生活。在接下来的阶段，他们放弃了诸如理发、外出就餐或为汽车购买汽油等服务)”可知，这两个朋友用一年的时间分二个阶段拒绝购买除食物之外的其他商品，本句为本段最后一句，可推知是在说明这两个朋友节约行为产生的结果：即他们节省了55000美元。故A选项“一年时间，他们节省了55000美元”符合语境，故选A。【47题详解】根据上文“The changes they made meant two fewer cars on the road
91、s, a reduction in plastic and paper packaging and a positive impact on the environment from all the energy saved.(他们做出的改变意味着路上少开两辆车，减少塑料和纸包装，节约的所有能源对环境产生了积极影响)”可知，上文提到这两个朋友所做的改变意味着路上车变少、塑料袋和纸袋使用量会下降，对节约能源有积极的影响。故本句承接上文，说明这种做法如果能够推广，将能够产生的影响。故B选项“如果每个人都执行这种方法，那结果会让人印象深刻”符合语境，故选B。第II卷I. Translation Di
92、rections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 48. 你读的书越多，就对你越有好处。(the more, the more) (汉译英）【答案】The more books you read, the more benefits you can get from it.【解析】【详解】考查固定句型和短语。根据句意“读书”可知短语为read books；表示“有好处，获益”短语可用get benefits from；此处为“the more, the
93、 more”句型，表示“越，越”。结合语境应用一般现在时，故翻译为The more books you read, the more benefits you can get from it.49. 他不能胜任这项工作，这使得他的老板很失望。(qualified) (汉译英）【答案】 He was not qualified for this job, which made his boss disappointed.【解析】【详解】考查时态、固定搭配和非限制性定语从句。由句意可知，本句可用一般过去时，固定搭配be qualified for sth.（胜任某事），make sb. adj.（
94、使某人），这里需要一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句的内容，关系词在从句中作主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，用关系代词which引导；再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为He was not qualified for this job, which made his boss disappointed。50. 即使他已经意识到达目标是困难的，他也没中途放弃。(even though) (汉译英）【答案】Even though he realized that reaching the goal was difficult, he did not give up halfway.【解析】【详解
95、】考查状语从句、时态和固定短语。根据句意“到达目标”可知短语为reach the goal；表示“放弃”短语为give up；表示“中途”应用副词halfway；句子为even though引导的让步状语从句，且从句中主语为he，谓语动词用realize，后跟宾语从句，从句中不缺少成分，句意完整应用that引导，从句中主语为动名词短语reaching the goal；结合语境，可知应用一般过去时。故翻译为Even though he realized that reaching the goal was difficult, he did not give up halfway.51. 根据
96、他脸上的表情来判断，他在面试中一定表现得很出色。(judge) (汉译英）【答案】Judging by the expression on his face, he must have done very well in the interview.【解析】【详解】考查短语、非谓语动词和情态动词。judge by根据判断，Judging by the expression on his face为现在分词短语作评论性状语。对过去发生的事情的非常有把握的肯定推测，用must have done。故翻译为Judging by the expression on his face, he must
97、have done very well in the interview.52. 在我看来，学习英语时，尽可能多地运用它比仅仅背单词更有效。(better) (汉译英）【答案】In my opinion, when we are learning English, it is better to use it as much as possible rather than just memorize the words【解析】【详解】考查状语从句、动词时态、短语和名词。表示“在我看来”，应用 in my opinion; 当我们正在做某事when we are doing；表示“尽可能多地”应
98、用as much as possible; 表示“背单词”应用 memorize the words; 表示“比.更有效”应用 it is better to do .rather than do； 故本句翻译为：In my opinion, when we are learning English, it is better to use it as much as possible rather than just memorize the words【点睛】本句翻译时，一定要注意比较级的使用，比较对象一定要具有可比性。VI. Guided Writing53. Directions:Wr
99、ite an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 为迎接校庆，学校将举行班级集体舞比赛 (group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参加。请谈谈你是否会参加比赛以及你做出该决定具体理由。_【答案】 A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody to take an active part i
100、n it. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. As an o
101、ld saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. It clearly shows us the importance of relaxation. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contrib
102、utions to my class.For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于开放性作文，要求考生就学校将举行的班级集体舞比赛谈谈自己的看法。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：开放性作文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时。结构：总分法要求：为迎接校庆，学校将举行班级集体舞比赛 (group dancing competition)，班长希望大家积极参
103、加。请谈谈你是否会参加比赛以及你做出该决定的具体理由。第二步:列提纲 （重点词组）group dancing competition; with great pleasure; generally speaking; enable sb. to do sth.; the importance of relaxation; more than; participate in; enthusiasm第三步：连词成句1. A group dancing competition will be held in our school and the monitor calls on everybody
104、to take an active part in it. 2. While most of my classmates are still hesitating whether to participate, I have said yes to our monitor with great pleasure.3. Generally speaking, there are two reasons for my decision.4. First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to
105、 study more efficiently.5.As an old saying goes, all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.6. Besides, I think I am a good dancer after learning dance for more than five years.7. Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to my
106、class.8. For the two reasons mentioned above, it is no surprise that I have such a strong enthusiasm on the group dancing competition.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First2.表并列补充关系：Besides连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】高分句型1 First, it is a good opportunity for me to relax myself, which will enable me to study more efficiently. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)高分句型2 Participating in the contest will be a golden chance for me to show my dancing skills and make some contributions to the class. (运用了动名词短语作主语)
