1、上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习精剖析高效练专题十 特殊句式上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习考点一 主谓一致(一)就近一致原则1由 or,not only.but also.,neither.nor.,either.or.,whether.or.,not.but.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,通常根据就近一致原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2here/there 引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时,通常根
2、据就近原则,谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Here is a ruler,a few pencils and two copybooks.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(二)意义一致原则1谓语动词必须用单数的情况(1)表示学科的名词以及 works(工厂),news(消息)等作主语时,虽然本身为复数形式,但表示单数意义时,谓语动词仍用单数。Politics is his favorite subject.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时,虽然形式上是复数,但所表示的意义是单数,所以谓语动词用单数。Do you kno
3、w when the United Nations was set up?上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词,如 people,police,public,cattle 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。The police are searching for the murderer.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定(1)集体名词,如 family,class,group,team,club,company,government,population 等作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示
4、集体意义,强调整体概念时,谓语动词用单数;当其表示集体中各个组成部分,强调个体概念时,谓语动词用复数。As far as I know,his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.(2)“the形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时,谓语动词用复数。The poor were looked down upon in the old days.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(三)语法一致原则1由 and 连接的两个名词作主语(1)“a/the名词单数and名词单数”表示一个人的双重身份,谓语动词用单数。The te
5、acher and poet often gives lectures around the city.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)“a/the名词单数anda/the名词单数”表示两个人,谓语动词用复数。The teacher and the poet have just arrived.(3)“every名词单数andevery名词单数”表示每一个人,谓语动词用单数。Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品
6、,如:a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Bread and butter is not to his taste.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词,尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式。Is fifty pounds enough?3“分数/百分数of名词”作主语时,谓语动词的形式根据 of 后的名词的形式来定,如果名词是可数名词复数,谓语动词用复数形式;如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。Two-thirds of the books are about science.Onl
7、y 30%of the work was done yesterday.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习考点二 倒装(一)全部倒装(把全部谓语提到主语之前)倒装条件倒装方法 以 here,there,out,in,up,down,away 等副词开头,谓语动词多为 be,come,go 等,主语是名词副词谓语主语 以 then,now,thus,such 开头,谓语动词多为 come,follow,begin,end,be,主语是名词副词谓语主语 上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习表地点的介词短语位于句首,且谓语动词为不及物动词,主语是名词介词短语谓语主语 表语置于句首,为了保持句子平衡,为
8、表示强调,或利于上下文衔接介词短语形容词分词be主语上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习Out rushed a cat from under the table.Such was Albert Einstein,a simple but great scientist.In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor.Seated in the first line are some advanced workers.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(二)部分倒装(助动词/系动词 be/情态动词提到主语前)倒装条件倒装方
9、法 only 修饰的副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语Only副词介词短语状语从句助动词/系动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习含有否定意义的副词或介词短语(not,never,seldom,little,hardly,by no means,not until,on no condition,in no case,under no circumstances)位于句首时否定副词或介词短语助动词/系动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分 上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习hardly.when,no sooner.than,not only.but(also)等连接两个分句
10、时,如果hardly,no sooner,not only 位于句首,前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不变Hardly/No sooner/Not only助动词/系动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分when/than/but also分句 上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习so(such).that 中的 so(such)位于句首时soadj./adv.系动词/助动词/情态动词主语谓语其他部分that 从句 so/neither/nor 置于句首,意为“也”或“也不”表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事物时so/neither/nor系动词/助动词/情态动词主语 上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总
11、复习as 引导让步状语从句时,意为“尽管”,把句中状语、表语或动词提前;若表语是名词,其前不用冠词状语表语动词as主谓结构主句 当 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有助动词had,were 或 should 等时,如将 if 省略,则要将 had,were 或 should 等移到主语之前Had/Were/Should主语谓语其他部分主句上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习Only in this way can you solve this problem.Never before have I seen such a moving film.Not only was he forced to s
12、tay home,but also he had to do his homework.So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.Tom doesnt like bananas,neither/nor do I.Child as/though he is,he knows a lot.Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习易错警示(1)there,here,now,then,up,down,in
13、,away,off,out等副词置于句首,但主语为人称代词时,不用倒装。(2)only 修饰主语置于句首时,不能倒装。(3)若两个主语一致时,则表示同意以上观点,不能倒装,此时 so 表示“的确如此”,即用 so主语助动词/系动词/情态动词。(4)当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时,通常用“so it is with.”或“it is the same with.”。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(5)Neither.,nor.“不,也不”,连接两个并列分句时,这两个并列分句都用倒装结构。(6)though 引导让步状语从句时,可以倒装也可以不倒装。although 引导让步状语
14、从句时不能倒装。(2016浙江高考)It is likely that babies are not born knowing the basic fact of the universe;nor are they ever clearly taught it.可能孩子并不是天生就知道世界的基本事实的,他们也没有被明确地教导过。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习考点三 强调句和其他句型(一)强调句1强调句的基本句型是“It is/was被强调的部分that/who其他部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语和状语等。(2016天津高考)You are waiting at a wrong plac
15、e.It is at the hotel that the coach picks up tourists.你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2强调句型的一般疑问句只需将 is/was 提前,特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词is/wasitthat 从句”。Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?What is it that you want me to do?3如果原句中含有“not.until”,在强调时间状语时,将主句中的否定词 not连同状语一起提前。It was not until she
16、 took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4“it is.that.”结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调动词,用“do/does/did动词原形”,以加强语气,意为“的确;真的;务必”。He did say that he would help me.他的确说过他会帮我的。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(二)省略句式1在 when,while,whenever,till,as soon as,if,unless,as if,though,as 等引导的状语从句
17、中,若谓语部分含有 be 动词,而从句的主语又与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是 it 时,从句的主语和 be 动词常被省略。Film has a much shorter history,especially when compared to such art forms as music and painting.Get up early tomorrow,if not(you dont get up early),you will miss the first bus.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2不定式中的动词省略,单独使用不定式符号 to。(1)不定式中的动词被省略时,其符号 to
18、 常用在 be afraid/glad/happy,expect,forget,hope,intend,like,love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want,wish等的后面。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.Will you join in the game?Id be glad to.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(2)如果不定式中含有 be,have,have been,通常保留 be,have 和 have been。Are you a sailor?No,but I used to b
19、e.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习(三)祈使句祈使句的固定句式:祈使句and简单句 表示“如果就”;祈使句or简单句 表示“否则”Bring the flowers into a warm room and theyll soon open.将花放到暖和的房间里,它们将会很快开放。Dont drive so fast or/otherwise youll have an accident.不要开那么快,否则你会出事的。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习.单句语法填空1(2017内蒙古兴安盟一模)in this way will you know how to arrange your ti
20、me and to spend your time properly.Only 句意:只有用这种方法你才会知道如何安排你的时间,如何正确使用你的时间。“Only状语”置于句首时,后面的句子用部分倒装。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2(2017天津河东区二模)It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning it stop.did 句意:大雨下了一整夜,直到今天早晨才停了下来。not until.置于句首,后面的主谓语需用倒装形式,本句介绍的是过去的事情,需用一般过去时,故设空处填 did。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3(20
21、17天津十二区县二次联考)So buried(be)she in doing her homework that she didnt notice it got dark outside.was 句意:她如此埋头做她的家庭作业以至于她都没注意到外面天已经黑了。so.that.句型中,将 so.置于句首,后面的主谓语需部分倒装;根据题干中didnt 可知设空处需用一般过去时,故答案为 was。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4(2017江西红色七校一联)It was consistent love and kindnesswon a lifelong friendship.that 句意:是持
22、续的爱和宽容赢得了终生的友谊。本题考查强调句型,被强调部分为 consistent love and kindness,故答案为 that。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5(2017岳阳十四中模拟)It was after Mrs.Dodd became an adult she realized the strength and selflessness her father had shown in raising his children as a single parent.that 本句为强调句型,被强调部分为 after Mrs.Dodd became an adult,故答案
23、为 that。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习6(2017天津河西区二模)(get)to the top of the tower building,where you can see the whole city.Get“(get)to the top of the tower building”为祈使句,故设空处填Get。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习7(2017南京扬子二中测试)The ground is wet all over,so Im sure it must have rained last night,it?didnt 句意:地面都湿了,因此我确信昨晚一定下雨了,是不是
24、?本题考查反意疑问句。“Im sure从句”的反意疑问部分的动词形式需根据该从句谓语动词形式而定,因为 it must have rained last night 含明显的一般过去时的时间状语 last night,故答案为 didnt。【导学号:60312255】上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习8(2017杭州一次质检)A child,if actively(engage)in classroom activities,can be taught many things.engaged 句意:如果孩子能积极参加课堂活动,他能学会许多东西。本句考查省略句。将本句补全后为:A child,i
25、f he is actively engaged in classroom activities,can be taught many things.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习9(2017南京扬子二中测试)Mr.Mike didnt understand it was that made his wife so upset this morning.what 句意:迈克先生不明白是什么使得他妻子今天早晨如此不安。本句understand 后的宾语从句为强调句型,改为普通句型为:Mr.Mike didnt understand what made his wife so upset th
26、is morning.上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习10(2017宿迁三校学情调研)WasBill,who played basketball very well,helped the blind man cross the road?Yes,of course.He is always ready to help others.it;that 句意:比尔篮球打得非常好。是他帮助那个盲人过马路的吗?是的,当然是。他总是乐意帮助别人。第一句为强调句的一般疑问句形式,即 Is/Was it被强调部分that其他成分?上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习.单句改错1(2017成都二次诊断)It w
27、as just then when I began to worry about my safety.whenthat 句意:就在那时我开始担心我的安全了。本句为强调句型,被强调部分为 just then,故将 when 改为 that。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习2(2017陕西全真模拟)In a word,success is important,and so does failure,because its the mother of success.doesis 句意:总之,成功很重要,失败也很重要,因为失败乃成功之母。因为“success is important”的谓语部分含
28、系动词 be,故将 does 改为 is。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习3(2017潍坊一模)My dear friends,dont afraid of problems,but take advantage of them to be the best of ourselves.dont 后加 be 句意:我亲爱的朋友,不要害怕问题,而要充分利用问题使我们自己成为最佳。“dont afraid of problems”为祈使句的否定形式,形容词afraid 前需加上系动词 be。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习4(2017长郡中学等四校联考)There has a big library in our school.hasis 句意:我们学校有一个很大的图书馆。本题考查 there be 句型。没有 there have/has 句型。上一页返回首页下一页高三一轮总复习5(2017雅礼中学二次调研)Thats all.Thank you.Some questions?SomeAny 本句考查省略句。Some questions?补全后为:Do you have some questions?由此可见本句为一般疑问句,故将 some 改为 any。some 作“一些”讲时,常用在肯定句中,而 any 常用在疑问句中。