1、Period ThreeGrammar & Writing一、概述1动词ing形式作状语时，和句子主语应有逻辑上的主谓关系，即动词ing形式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。2动词ing形式在意义上可表示时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等，这时它相当于一个状语从句。3动词ing形式位置比较灵活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有时用逗号分开，有时也不用。一般来说，用作原因、条件时，常位于句首；用作方式、结果、伴随状语时，常位于句末。4独立成分作状语。 有些动词ing形式短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分；还有一些动词ing形式的主语与句子主语不一致时，我们可以用ing形式的独立主格结
2、构。独立主格结构可以在句中作时间状语、条件状语、原因状语、伴随状语等。二、基本用法1用作时间状语时相当于when或while引导的从句。Turning around(When she turned around)，she saw an ambulance driving up.她转过身，看见一辆救护车开了过来。特别提示如果要强调分词短语所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，分词短语前可用when或while等连词。While working in the factory(While I was working in the factory)，I learnt a lot from the
3、 workers.我在工厂工作期间，从工人那里学到了很多东西。2用作原因状语时相当于as，since，because引导的从句。Seeing nobody at home(Because she saw nobody at home)，she decided to leave them a note.看到没人在家，她决定给他们留一张便条。3用作方式、伴随状语时不能用状语从句替换，但可以改成并列句。She sat at the desk reading a newspaper.(伴随)She sat at the desk and read a newspaper.她坐在桌边看报纸。4用作条件状
4、语时相当于if, unless引导的从句。Working hard(If you work hard)，youll succeed.如果你努力工作，你就会成功。5用作结果状语时相当于so，so that等引导的从句。The poor old man died，leaving nothing to his children.The old man was so poor when he died that he left nothing to his children.那位贫穷的老人去世了，没有给自己的孩子留下什么。特别提示现在分词作结果状语常指自然而然的结果，而不定式作结果状语是表示一种意想不
5、到的结果。 His father died，leaving him a lot of money.他父亲死了，留给他一大笔钱。He hurried to get to the station，only to find the film star had left.他匆匆到达车站结果却发现那个影星已经离开了。 6用作让步状语时相当于though，although等引导的从句。 Admitting what he said(Though I admit what he said)，I still think he hasnt tried his best.尽管我承认他说的话，我仍然认为他没有尽全力
6、。 特别提示动词ing形式的否定式通常是在ing形式前加否定副词not。Not knowing what to do，he asked the teacher for advice.因为不知道该做什么，他向老师请教。即时跟踪1用所给动词的正确形式填空(1)“We cant go out in this weather，” said Bob，looking(look) out of the window.(2)When leaving(leave) the airport，they waved again and again to us.(3)Looking(look) ugly，these c
7、hocolate cookies dont sell well even though they taste good.(4)He hurried to the stadium without supper，only to be told(tell) the football match he had been longing to watch was cancelled.(5)Not realizing(realize) that he was in great danger，Eric walked deeper into the forest.三、v.ing的时态和语态1v.ing的主动语
8、态，分为一般式和完成式两种。现在分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时进行；而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了。He hurried home，looking behind as he went.他匆忙回家，边走边向后看。Having lived in New York for years，I knew each part of it very well.由于住在纽约多年，我对这里的每一处都很熟悉。2v.ing的被动语态也分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式表示一个被动动作正在进行，或与谓语动词表示的动作同时进行；完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已
9、经完成了。When being asked to answer the question，she felt a little nervous.当被要求回答问题时，她感到有点儿紧张。Having been operated on the leg，he cant walk as usual.由于腿部动了手术，他不能像平常那样走路。即时跟踪2用所给动词的正确形式填空(1)The little boy, having made (make) two attempts to climb over the fence of the garden，decided to have another try.(2
10、)Being talked(talk) to，you should look into the eyes of the person.(3)Having told(tell) him the answer several times，I didnt know whether he could understand.(4)Having been told(tell) the answer several times，he still couldnt answer the question.四、独立成分1有些分词短语可以作独立成分，用来解释整个句子，不受句子主语的限制。常见的分词短语有：gener
11、ally speaking(一般说来)，supposing(假设)，judging from/by(从判断)，talking of(谈到)等。Generally speaking，girls are more careful than boys. 一般说来，女孩比男孩更细心。2分词短语作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般须与句子的主语一致。但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立结构。独立结构通常用来表示伴随的动作或情况，有时还可以表示时间、原因或条件。Weather permitting(If the weather permits)，well go there on foot.如果天气允
12、许，我们就步行去那里。即时跟踪3用所给动词的正确形式填空(1)Tom looked at Jenny，tears filling(fill) his eyes，and shouted out the words hidden(hide) in his heart for years.(2)There being(be) nothing else to do，they went home.(3)To be(be) honest/Honestly speaking(speak)，his appearance didnt appeal to me much.用所给动词的正确形式填空1Like anc
13、ient sailors，birds can find their way using(use) the sun and the stars.(2015重庆)2When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile，she stood rooted to the ground，wondering(wonder) whether to stay or leave.(2015湖南)3In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，combining(combin
14、e) the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”(2015福建)4There is no greater pleasure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland，staring(stare) at the night sky.(2014湖南)5The lecture having been given(give)，a lively questionandanswer session followed.(2014江苏)6The sun began to rise in the sky,
15、 bathing(bath) the mountain in golden light.(2013湖南) 7The sunlight is white and blinding，throwing (throw)hardedged shadows on the ground.(2013新课标全国) 8Finding(find) the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.(2013北京) 9Not knowing(know) which university to attend, the girl asked he
16、r teacher for advice. (2013四川)10The party will be held in the garden，weather permitting(permit)(2012新课标全国).单句改错(每小题只有1处错误)1After looks at the toy for some time，he turned around and found his parents were missing.(2015全国，短文改错)lookslooking2One evening at sunset，we sat by the fire，have our barbecue.(20
17、14陕西，短文改错)havehaving3Felt hungry，we built a fire by the lake and barbecued the fish.(2013陕西，短文改错)FeltFeeling4After think for some time，I let her copy my answers.(2013四川，短文改错)thinkthinking5Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner，that might not be served until 8 ocloc
18、k at night.(2013新课标全国，短文改错)HaveHaving文体指导幻想故事在体裁上属于记叙文，常以写人记事为主，内容包括“六要素”：时间、地点、人物、事件的起因、经过和结果(即：when，where，who，what，how，why)。幻想故事通常写虚构的故事，内容合适完整，语篇结构连贯，语言比较夸张、生动，富有幻想性。写作时，要注意以下几点：1认真审题，理顺故事情节、人物关系等，确定主题；2遵循一定的顺序，具体描述，详略得当，情节的发展多以时间、地点的转移为线索；3合理选择叙述方式(顺叙、倒叙、插叙、夹叙夹议等)；4进行总结或发表感想。常用句式1Once upon a tim
19、e，there was/lived a.2It was a grey autumn day and the sky was full of large black clouds.3I lived in what you call.4It was the most exciting moment that I have ever experienced.5While walking in space，we enjoyed weight loss and a beautiful view.6Just then，something strange happened.7What a magnifice
20、nt sight it was! I will never forget the moment.8He was goodlooking/ordinarylooking/warmhearted/of bad(mild) temper/tall and strong.9No one liked to talk to Wilbur，a weak pig，except a spider named Charlotte，who treated Wilbur as her good friend.10In 2146，we are flying in the air，conveying signals th
21、rough our minds.写作任务请你根据所给出的故事开头(不计入总词数)，续写一篇幻想小故事)。Once upon a time，a young man was walking through a wood when he saw a shining ring lying on the ground.He just stood，wondering and then the ring said，“Young man，a kind girl is trapped by a witch in the castle ahead.If you are brave enough to rescue
22、 her，you will gain happiness.Put on me and I will help you.”注意：1.根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事；2词数100左右。审题谋篇第一步明确要求1幻想故事属于记叙文，要注意故事的开端、发展、高潮和结局的合理性及其教育意义；2时态以一般过去式为主，人称以第三人称为主；3注意语言要符合幻想故事的特点：生动、紧凑。第二步确定段落Para.1故事开头段落已给出。Para.2故事的发展与高潮。Para.3故事的结局。第三步词汇热身1毫不犹豫地做某事dont hesitate to do sth./do sth.without hes
23、itation2发现find out/discover3消失disappear/be out of sight4自信feel(be) confident in/show confidence in5向走去walk to/head for6靠近approach/get close to7在的帮助下with the help of.8这样，从而thus第四步句式升级1这位年轻人没有犹豫，戴上了这枚戒指。(一般表达)The young man didnt think a lot，and he put on the ring.(句式升级1)The young man didnt hesitate to
24、 put on the ring.(hesitate to do sth.)(句式升级2)The young man put on the ring without hesitation.(hesitation)2他吃惊地发现自己消失了，其他人都看不见他。(一般表达)He surprisingly found himself lost and the others couldnt see him.(句式升级1)To his surprise，he discovered that he disappeared，invisible to other people.(surprise n；宾语从句)
25、(句式升级2)What surprised him was that he found himself out of the other peoples sight.(主语从句；find宾语宾补)3他感到更有自信了，向前面的城堡走去。(一般表达)He felt more confident and walked to the castle.(句式升级)With more confidence，he headed straight for the castle.(高级词汇)4一靠近城堡，他就戴上了戒指，走进了城堡。(一般表达)As soon as he came close to the cas
26、tle，he put on the ring and walked into it.(句式升级)On/Upon approaching the castle，he put on the ring，entering the castle.(on/uponv.ing；现在分词作状语)5他了解到除非有人将女巫的魔棒毁掉，否则女孩永远不能动。(一般表达)He learned that unless someone destroyed the witchs magical club，the girl couldnt move forever.(句式升级1) He learned that if the
27、witchs magical club was not destroyed，the girl couldnt move forever.(被动式的否定句)(句式升级2)He learned that the witchs magical club should be destroyed, or/otherwise the girl couldnt move forever.(or/otherwise)6在戒指的帮助下，他在一个金盒中找到了魔棒。并成功地将其毁掉，解除了女巫对女孩施的魔咒。(一般表达)With the rings help，he found the magical club in
28、 a golden box，destroyed it successfully and removed the spell which was put on the girl by the witch.(句式升级)With the help of the ring，finding the magical club in a golden box，he destroyed it successfully，thus removing the spell put on the the girl by the witch.(现在分词作状语)连句成篇The young man didnt hesitat
29、e to put the ring on his finger，surprisingly discovering that he disappeared，invisible to other people.He felt more confident and headed for the castle.On approaching the castle，he put on the ring，and entered the castle.Eventually，he found the girl，on whom the witch had put a spell.He learned that u
30、nless someone destroyed the witchs magical club，the girl couldnt move forever.With the help of the ring，he found the magical club in a golden box，and destroyed it successfully，thus removing the spell put on the girl by the witch.The young man，together with the girl，defeated the witch，and they lived
31、a happy life together.句型转换1It rained nonstop for ten days，which completely ruined our holiday.It rained nonstop for ten days，completely ruining our holiday.2When he saw the witch，the boy ran away.Seeing the witch，the boy ran away.3We waited for the results of the experiment anxiously for a couple of
32、 weeks.We had an anxious couple of weeks waiting for the results of the experiment.4He was so busy writing a story that he only stopped once in a while to smoke a cigarette.He was busy writing a story，only stopping once in a while to smoke a cigarette.5Because he didnt know what to do，Jim went to hi
33、s father for help.Not knowing what to do，Jim went to his father for help.阅读理解ATell a story and tell it well，and you may open wide the eyes of a child，open up lines of communication in a business，or even open peoples mind to another culture or race.People in many places are digging up the old folk st
34、ories and the messages in them.For example，most American storytellers get their tales from a wide variety of sources，cultures，and times.They regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education，but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults understand themselves as well as those who
35、se culture may be very different from their own.“Most local stories are based on a larger theme，”American storyteller Opalanga Pugh says，“Cinderella(灰姑娘)，or the central idea of a good child protected by her goodness，appears in various forms in almost every culture of the world.”Working with students
36、 in schools，Pugh helps them understand their own cultures and the general messages of the stories.She works with prisoners too，helping them know who they are by telling stories that her listeners can write，direct，and act in their own lives.If they dont like the story they are living, they can rewrit
37、e the story. Pugh also works to help open up lines of communication between managers and workers.“For every advance in business，” she says，“there is a greater need for communication.”Storytelling can have a great effect on either side of the managerworker relationship，she says.Pugh spent several yea
38、rs in Nigeria，where she learned how closely storytelling was linked to the everyday life of the people there.The benefits of storytelling are found everywhere，she says.“I learned how people used stories to spread their culture，” she says.“What I do is to focus on the value of stories that people can
39、 translate into their own daily world of affairs.We are all storytellers.We all have a story to tell.We tell everybodys story.”6What do we learn about American storytellers from Paragraph 2?AThey share the same way of storytelling.BThey prefer to tell stories from other cultures.CThey learn their st
40、ories from the American natives.DThey find storytelling useful for both children and adults.答案D解析细节理解题。根据文中第二段中“They regard storytelling not only as a useful tool in child education，but also as a meaningful activity that helps adults.”可知选D。7The underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggests that prison
41、ers can .Astart a new lifeBsettle down in another placeCdirect filmsDbecome good actors答案A解析句意理解题。根据文中第四段中“She works with prisoners too，helping them know who they are by telling stories that her listeners can write，direct，and act in their own lives.”可知此句表明了作者的寓意，人生就是一个故事，当我们重写故事时，就是在重塑我们的人生。故答案为A。8P
42、ugh has practiced storytelling with groups of people.A2 B3 C4 D5答案B解析细节理解题。由文中第四段的内容可知答案为B。9What is the main idea of the text?AStorytelling can influence the way people think.BStorytelling is vital to the growth of businesses.CStorytelling is the best way to educate children in school.DStorytelling
43、helps people understand themselves and others.答案D解析主旨大意题。综观全文并结合文章的主题句“We are all storytellers.We all have a story to tell.We tell everybodys story.”可知此题选D。BDear MarchCome inHow glad I amI hoped for you before.Who knocks? That AprilLock the DoorI will not be pursuedHe stayed away a year to callWhen
44、I am occupiedBut trifles(琐事) look so trivial(不重要的)As soon as you have come.This lovely poem was written by Emily Dickinson, who is considered a major American poet, though she was not accorded(符合) this honor until well after her death.Emily Dickinson was born on December 10, 1830, in Amherst, Massac
45、husetts.She attended school for only one year.Throughout her life, she seldom left her home and visitors were few.She lived in almost complete isolation(隔离) from the outside world.She admired the poetry of Robert and Elizabeth Barren Browning, as well as John Keats.Though she was dissuaded(劝阻) from
46、reading the poetry of her contemporary Walt Whitman by rumors of its disgracefulness, the two poets are now connected by the distinguished place they hold as the founders of a uniquely American poetic voice.While Dickinson was extremely prolific(多产的) as a poet, she was not publicly recognized during
47、 her lifetime.Upon her death, Dickinsons family discovered forty handbound volumes of nearly 1,800 poems.Her younger sister began to share the enormous body of work that Emily left behind.Emilys odd punctuation, capitalization(大写), and formatting(格式) did not meet with standard publishing “approval”
48、for earlier editions.There is a whimsical(古怪的) nature to many other poems, as the subject of death was the most frequent theme.10In the poem, the poetess was speaking to .Aa little girl Ba longlost family memberCa nice season Da cute animal答案C解析推理判断题。文章开头的这首诗歌是美国女诗人Emily Dickinson的作品，由诗歌中的关键词March，A
49、pril 等可知作者在与季节交流。11What is a feature of Emily Dickinsons poems?AThey do not pay attention to rhymes.BThey resemble those of Walt Whitman.CThey have a strange format.DThey reflect her personal and social life.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段提到女诗人Emily Dickinson作品中的一些特点“Emilys odd punctuation, capitalization(大写),
50、and formatting(格式) did not meet with standard publishing approval for earlier editions.”可知答案C正确。12According to the text, Emily Dickinson .Awas completely homeschooled and had a talent for writing poemsBwas greatly influenced by four of her contemporary poetsCis regarded as a leading poet in American
51、 literatureDpublished a large number of poems during her lifetime答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章中的“who is considered a major American poet”可知答案C合适。.语法填空In my opinion，we should try our best 13.to realize(realize) our goals even though there 14.is(be)little hope.The efforts seem to be the lights in the darkness，leadi
52、ng the way to hope and success.I used to be 15.a shy girl in my primary school.I was weak 16.in English at that time，especially for spoken English.So I was afraid to answer the teachers 17.questions(question) during English classes.After I entered my dream middle school.Something 18.changed(change)I
53、 started to read many 19.interesting(interest) English stories and my English teacher was patient to help me a lot.I studied hard in class and practiced by 20.watching(watch) English films and listening to English songs in my free time.Little by little，I found it more and more interesting to learn E
54、nglish.I could even talk with my classmates 21.fluently(fluent) in English and I was not shy any 22.more.At last，I got high grades in English and I had confidence to do it better in the future.短文改错(2016黑龙江省实验中学高二期末)As we all know，travelling can be an excited experience.Let me give you some advices t
55、hat you have to pay attention.You can find out more about your destination by surf the Internet before you set out.You neednt take too many cash.Although it can be very convenient to pay in cash，but using cheques is much more reliable.In additional，it will be wise of you to take an umbrella in case
56、of it should rain.And if you are to travel abroad，youd better understand the cultural diversity.Keep it in mind that being politely in foreign countries can help you had a wonderful trip.答案As we all know，travelling can be an experience.Let me give you some that you have to pay attention .You can fin
57、d out more about your destination by the Internet before you set out.You neednt take too cash.Although it can be very convenient to pay in cash，but using cheques is much more reliable.In ，it will be wise of you to take an umbrella in case it should rain.And if you are to travel abroad，youd better un
58、derstand the cultural diversity.Keep it in mind that being in foreign countries can help you a wonderful trip.书面表达人类已经进入信息时代，到本世纪中期，生活将会是什么样子？请你根据以下要点提示，写一篇畅想未来的短文。要点提示：1生活的地方；2购物和看病；3电视节目；4家务和上学；5饮食；6环境；7宇宙探索。注意：1.词数100左右；2必须包含所有的要点；3要有合适的题目。参考词汇：机器人robot参考范文What Will the Life Be Like in the Future
59、?I often dream about the life in the future.What will it be like?Perhaps we will be able to live on the moon.And some will live under the sea.It will be very common to go shopping and see a doctor at home on the Internet.There will be more kinds of TV programs for us to choose from.Besides，more chil
60、dren will choose to study at home on the computer.Also，robots will do housework for us if we dont want to do it.In addition，we will have healthier food.Pollution will get controlled.Both water and the sky will become cleaner.People will have more free time.They will be able to go to other stars on holiday.They will even live with people from other stars.
