1、Chapter 12 SB II Units 1 - 2要点突破重点句型1. By asking why, how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions.2. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious.3. There did not seem much point in working on my Phi) - I did not expect to survive that long.4. Nor did he let
2、the disease stop him from living the kind of life he has always dreamt of. 5. Even though I have interviewed famous people, the story I like best is about an ordinary young woman . 6 it was the first time that I had written with real passion. 7. The result is a better understanding of the world on a
3、ll sides, leading to a future world where people from all countries am respected and different views and opinions are tolerated. 8. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth. 9. They build a theory about the way in wh
4、ich things happen and the causes and effects.10. More than ninety responsible and caring citizens, madetheir voices heard today. 重点词汇1. undertake v. 着手做2. analysis n. 分析3. inspiration n. 灵感4. within prep. 在的里面5. curious adj. 好奇的6. debate v. 争辩7. graduate v. 毕业8. disable v. 使丧失能力9. seek v. 寻找10. obse
5、rve v. 观察11. match v. 和相配12. astronomer n. 天文学家13. engage v. 使订婚；使从事于14. intelligent adj. 理解力强的15. experient v. 进行实验16. media n. 传媒17. fire v. 解雇；开除18. difficulty n. 难事19. bum v. 燃烧20. inform v. 通知21. talent n. 天资；天赋22. present v. 呈现；描述23. effort n. 努力24. ignore v. 不理；忽视25. tolerate v. 忍受26. concern
6、 v. 使担忧27. rmire v. 退休28. bore v. 使厌烦29. attitude n. 态度；看法30. update v. 更新 重点短语1. go by (时间)经过2. turn out to be 结果是3. on the one hand, on the other hand 一方面，另一方面4. within oneself 在某人能力范围之内5. dream of / about 梦想6. reach ones goals 达到目标7. be curious about 对好奇8. the other way around 相反地9. a top univers
7、ity 一所著名的大学10. be punished for 因而受惩罚11. nine out often 十分之九12. a promising postgraduate 一个有前途的研究生13. be addicted to 对上瘾14. bum down 烧毁15. foronce 就这一次16. spare no effort 不遗余力17. on all sides 在各方面18. adapt to 适应19. be armed with 用武装20. be concerned to 担心，担忧21. change ones mind 改变主意22. go up 上升，增长23.
8、in an organized way 有组织地，有条理地24. fall in love with 与相爱25. current affairs 时事 交际用语1. What do they mean?2. What are they known for?3. What makes a scientist successful?4. What do these three great minds have in common?5. What are you interested in?6. Thats correct / true.7. Its hard to say.8. Its clea
9、r that.9. There is no doubt that.10. I would rather.11. Whats your opinkm?12. Maybe it would be better to choose.词汇短语【考点9】complete 的用法 辨析：accomplish；complete；finish三词均意为“完成”，但所接名词不同。accomplish一般后接“任务、使命、目标、航程”或其他抽象名词。complete意为“完成，完结”，多指完成一项指派的任务或把未完成的事情完全结束，强调整个的全过程，后所接的名词往往更具体些，如“建筑物、工程、书籍”等。finis
10、h意为“结束”，多指着手进行的事或所作的动作完成，尤指完成工作的最后一步，后面可接名词或动名词，如“用完、吃完”等。complete a book写完一本书，finish a book读完或写完一本书。例如：One more week，and well accomplish the task. 再给我们一周，我们就能完成这项任务。When the building has been completed, it will look impressive. 这座建筑物完成后一定会很宏伟。Have you finished typing that letter? 你把那封信打好了没有?【考例9】(2
11、004广东) _ the programme, theyhave to stay there for another two weeks. A. Not completing B. Not completed C. Not having completed D. Having not completed考查目标 非谓语动词及其时态。答案与解析 C 非谓语动词的否定形式是在其前加not。故排除D项，主语they执行非谓语动词所表示的动作，故可排除B项，根据句子的意思，“没有完成计划”的动作应发生在have to say动作之前，故应使用现在分词的完成体。【考点4】curious的用法 构词： c
12、uriously adv. 好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇心；求知欲 搭配： be curious about 对(感到)好奇；很想知道 curiously (enough) 说来(足够)奇怪 句型： be curious to do sth 急于千某事；渴望干某事 Its curious that. 真奇怪【考例4】(1998上海) Dont be too _ aboutthings you are not supposed to know. A. strange B. amusing C. curious D. conscious考查目标 形容词在语境中的用法。答案与解析C be
13、curious about表示“对某事好奇”。2. debate n. & v. 辩论，争辩，参加辩论；讨论，考虑 (如何较好) They were debating about a foolish question. 他们正在争论一个愚蠢的问题。 They debated the question in whispers. 他们小声辩论了这个问题。 After a long debate, they finally reached an agreement. 经过长时间辩论后，他们终于达成一致协议。 The subject was hotly debated. 这个主题经过激烈的辩论。 We
14、 were debating where we should go for our holiday. 我们正在讨论去哪里度假。 提示 debate多作可数名词，有时也作不可数名词。 After much debate, we decided to move to Oxford. 我们经过充分讨论决定迁往牛津。5. disable vt. 使丧失能力 He was disabled in the war；he lost his left arm. 他在战争中残废了；他失去了左臂。 The disabled are to receive more money. 残疾人应该接受更多的捐助。【考点8】
15、effort的用法 搭配： make a good / great effort 做出很大努力 make an effort 尽心；努力 make every effort 尽一切努力 句型： make a great / good effort (to do sth) make every effort make great / good efforts Please make an effort to do sth 请劳驾干 do sth with a great effort / great efforts 费力干某事 do sth without effort (毫)不费力地干某事 d
16、evote ones (great) efforts to doing sth spare no effort(s) to do sth 不遗余力干某事；尽全力 干某事【考例8】(2000上海春招)The rescue team made every_ to find the missing mountain climber. A. force B. energy C. effort D. possibility考查目标 名词和动词的搭配关系。答案与解析C make every effort to do sth 意为“竭尽全力干某事”。【考点5】elect的用法 构词：election n.
17、选举 辨析：choose; elect; pick out; select该组词均表达“选择”之意，但choose意为“选择挑选”，多指以个人好恶为标准，侧重于根据自己主观印象做出判断。表示从两者中选一个时，必须用choose。elect意为“选举，选择”，指在众多人中进行挑选，强调经过深思熟虑后做出的选择。pick out意为“选好，挑出”。多用于有形的东西，指精心仔细地挑选，含有“挑剔”的意思。select意为“选择，挑选”。指从众多东西中，更加仔细、慎重、有比较地进行挑选，其语义比choose强。例如：I leave it to you to choose between the two
18、 methods. 我任你在这两种方法之间做出选择。We elected him chairman. 我们选他当主席。Pick Out the stamps you like best, please. 请挑出你最喜欢的邮票。The finest products were selected and sent to the exhi-bition. 选择了最好的产品送到展览会去。【考例5】We _ him our team leader by a show ofhands. A. selected B. chose C. picked out D. elected考查目标 一组近义词的区别。答
19、案与解析D “通过举手表决的方式推选”当然应使用elect。3. engage vt. & vi. 订婚，约定，从事于，保证，雇用，聘 请，电话占线，有事，有活动(用过去分词作表语) 词组 be engaged to sb. 与某人订婚(表状态) get engaged to sb. 与某人订婚(表动作) engage sb. (oneself) to do sth. 让某人干某事 be engaged in doing sth. = be busy doing sth. = be busy with sth. = be up to sth. 忙于做某事 John is engaged to
20、Mary. 约翰和玛丽订了婚。 Father engaged an experienced man to manage his farm. 父亲聘请了一个有经验的人来管理农场。 - Can you come on Sunday? 你星期天能来吗? - No, Im engaged. 不能，我有事。 The line is engaged. 电话占线。 The company has engaged to finish the building by May. 公司承诺保证在五月以前完成这栋楼。8. fire (1) 动词用法：v. 点火，开火，解雇 We had no idea who fir
21、ed the house. 我们不知道谁放火烧了这座房子。 The officer ordered his men to fire at the enemy. 军官命令士兵向敌人开枪。 The cook was fired for stealing things from the kitchen. 厨师因为偷厨房的东西而被解雇了。 (2) 名词用法：火，火灾，燃烧，热情(比喻说法) They made a fire and sat around it. 他们升起一堆火并围在一起坐着。 A fire broke out in old house last night. 昨晚这座老房子发生一场火灾
22、。 注意 fire作可数名词时表示具体的“一堆火”或 “一场火灾”，作为物质名词为不可数，如： Dont play with fire. 不要玩火。 与 fire 搭配的词组常见的有： catch fire 着火了(表动作) be on fire 着火了(表状态) set sth. on fire 使某物开始燃烧 set fire to sth. 放火烧某物 be on fire for sth. 热衷于做某事10. inform vt. 通知、告诉 常用的句型有： (1) inform (sb.) that. The nurse informed us that visiting hours
23、 were over. 护士告诉我们探视时间已经结束 (2) inform sb. of sth. Please inform us of the hotel where well stay. 请告诉我们要住的旅馆。 (3) keep sb. informed If anything happens, please keep me informed. 如有事情发生，请让我们知道。【考点6】inform 的用法 构词： information n. 信息 informed adj. 有知识的；了解情况的；明智的 well-informed adj. 消息灵通的 搭配： inform sb of
24、/ about sth 通知某人某事 a piece of information 一条则消息 information desk 问讯处 information gap 信息沟差 information technology (缩写为IT)信息技术 check information 核查资料 句型： inform sb that clause 通知某人 keep sb informed of sth 让某人知道某事(被动结构 为：sb be kept informed of sth) ask (sb) for information (on / about.) (向某人)打 听(关于某事的)
25、消息 give sb some information about / on. 给某人提供有 关的消息 get / gain / obtain / receive information about. 获 得的消息【考例6】The manager promised to keep me _ ofhow our business was going on. A. to be informed B. on informing C. informed D. informing考查目标 inform 的用法。答案与解析C “我”和 inform 之间存在动宾关系，“我”是被通知的对象，所以 infor
26、m 应使用过去分词形式，在句中作宾补。【考点3】match的用法 搭配： have a match 举行进行一场比赛 watch a match 看比赛 win / lose the.match 赢输比赛 (be) no match for. 不是的对手；敌不过 辨析：fit；match suit三词都有“相配适合”的意思，但fit表示“与相符”或“(衣服等尺寸、形状、大小等方面) 适合”。还可作形容词，意为“称职的、适于”；match“匹配”，常指在品质、颜色、设计、性质等方面相配；suit常指颜色、花样、款式、时间、食物、口味、性格、条件、地位等合乎需要。例如：The coat fits
27、me well. 这件上衣我穿着很合身。That blouse doesnt match your skirt. 那件女衬衫与你的裙子不相衬。The color of the cloth suits a woman at my wifes age.这布的颜色适合我妻子这样年龄的妇女穿。【考例3】(2005江西9校联考)- How is my coat?- I dont think the colors of the coat and hat _. A. match B. suit C. fit D. agree考查目标 一组近义词区别。答案与解析A match表示“色调、形状、性质”等相配；s
28、uit 多指“合乎要求、口味、性格、条件、地位”等；fit6. observe vt. 观察，遵守，庆祝 His neighhour observed a stranger go into his house. 他的邻居注意到一个陌生人进入他的房子。 They observed the star nying across the sky. 他们观察到那颗星飞过天空。 They observed the old customs. 他们遵守古老的习俗。 注意 后面可接不定式或现在分词，接不定式时不 带to。【考点2】observe的用法 构词： observation n. 观察；评论 obser
29、ver n. 观察者；评论者；遵守者 搭配： observe the speed limit 遵守速度限制 observe an anniversary 庆祝周年纪念日 句型：observe sb do sth / observe sb doing sth 友情提示：该词作“观察”解时，后接省略to的不定式或v-ing形式作补语。【考例2】Its interesting to _ the reaction of thechildren to these changes. A. look B. know C. watch D. observe考查目标 动词的搭配关系及其在语境中的用法。答案与解析
30、D 根据语境应为“仔细地、有目的地观察”孩子们对这些变化所做出的反应。【考点7】present 的用法 构词；presentation n. 呈现 搭配： at present 现在；目前；眼下；此刻 at the present time 现在；目前；眼下 for the present 暂且；暂时 present the prizes 颁奖 句型：present sb with sth = present sth to sb 赠送某人某物【考例7】(2002北京)All the people _ at theparty were his supporters.A. present B. t
31、hankfulC. interested D. important考查目标 形容词在具体语境中的用法。答案与解析 A present作形容词，意为“出席的、在场的”时，要么作表语，要么作后置定语，本句意为“参加聚会的人都是他的支持者”。7. present 可作动词，名词和形容词，具体用法如下： (1) 动词用法 动词意思较多，主要意思有“提交，赠予，介绍”等。 The committee is presenting its investigation report next week. 委员会将于下星期提出调查报告。 They presented flowers to their teach
32、er. 他们献花给老师。 (2) 名词用法 作名词时意为“礼物；现在” The children unwrapped their Christmas presents with delight. 孩子们高兴地把圣诞礼物拆开。 Everything is going on well at pmsent. 目前一切进展良好。 (3) 形容词用法 作形容词意为“出席的”，“到场的”，“目前的” How many people were present at the meeting? 会议有多少人出席? What is your present joh? 你现在的工作是什么?9. relate v.
33、有关、涉及 relate sb. / sth. 理解或同情某人(或某物) relate.to 与有关、涉及 I cant relate those two ideas. 我看不出这两种看法之间的联系。 I cant relate what he does to what he says. 我无法将他所做的与他所说的联系起来。 I simply cant relate to classical music. 我对古典音乐简直一窍不通。4. seek (sought, sought) vt. & vi. 寻找，探索；追求， 请求；设法，企图(跟不定式) 词组seek to do sth. 企图干某
34、事 seek ones fortune 发大财 seek ones advice 征求意见 seek for solution 寻找解决方法 seek after truth 追求真理 play hide and seek 捉迷藏 seek out 找了来，找到 The travelers sought shelter from the rain. 旅行者在找地方躲雨。 You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter. 在这件事情上你应该征求律师的意见。 I have never taught to hide my views. 我
35、从来就没有企图隐瞒自己的观点。 He sought out his friend in the crowd. 他在人群中找出了他那位朋友。【考点1】seek的用法搭配： play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏 seek for 寻找 seek jobs 找工作 seek after 追求 seek out 找到；挑选 seek advice from sb 请教某人 句型：seek to do sth 试图企图干某事 辨析：discover；find；find out；invent；look for；search；seek；make surediscover“发现”，指找到原来就存在，但
36、没被人认识或发现的东西；也可相当于find，但比find更正式。find 强调动作的过程，通常用于找到丢失的东西，用于可以看到或感觉出来的场合。find out意为“发现，查明，弄清”。指经过询问、探查、研究后弄清楚，查明事实真相。invent“发明，创造”，指发明、创造出原来没有的东西。look for指寻找某人或物，但不一定找到，强调动作的过程。search意为“搜身，在中搜查”后跟被搜的对象，search for. 意为“搜寻，寻找”，后跟搜寻或寻找的目标，seek意为“寻找”，可用于seek (for) sth。makesure 和 find out 同义，但find out可以直接跟
37、名词，而make sure 需接 of 后方可跟名词。另外 make sure 还可表达“确保”之意。后面经常接 that 引导的宾语从句。find out 则无此意。例如：We suddenly discovered that it was too late to catch thetrain. 我们突然发觉已来不及赶火车了。I finally found the missing keys in a jacket. 最后我在上衣口袋里发现了丢失的钥匙。Have you found out how much the tickets cost? 你有没有闾清楚票价?Edison invented
38、 the light bulb. 爱迪生发明了灯泡。He was looking for the missing carbut he didnt findit. 他一直在找丢失的汽车，但未找到。He is searching for his key. 他正在搜寻他的钥匙。We must seek (for) solution to current problems. 我们必须寻找对目前问题的解决办法。I must go back and make sure I closed the window. 我必须回去看看我有没有关上窗户。【考例1】You should _ advice from yo
39、ur lawyeron this matter. A. ask B. give C. find D. seek考查目标 动词的搭配关系及其在语境中的用法。答案与解析D seek advice from sb.意为“向某人请教”。12. switch vt. 转换，转变；n. 开关；转换器 You drive first and then well switch over. 你先驾驶，过一会儿咱们再换一下。 Could you switch the TV over? 请你改换电视频道好吗? 另外，switch off / on 是固定短语，意思是“切断(接 通)电源等”。 1. undertak
40、e (undertook, undertaken) v. 着手做，进 行，从事；承担，接受，同意；保证，担保 Next he undertook to pay off Johns debts. 接下来他着手偿清约翰的债务。 It is good for us to undertake self-criticism often. 经常作自我批评对我们有好处。 The question is who will undertake responsibility. 问题是谁将承担责任。 He undertook to be our guide. 他同意做我们的向导。 I cant undertake
41、that you will make a profit. 我不能保证你会获利。11. update vt. 更新；改造；使现代化；为提供最新消 息 (通常用于句型update sb. on sth.) The software needs updating. 这种软件需要更新。 The contents of the website are updated every other day. 该网站的内容隔天更新一次。牛刀小试1用所给单词的适当形式填空：(complete, curious, effort, seek, present, elect, nmtch, observe, inform
42、)1. My deskmale studies day and night to make great_ to catch up with us.2. When Mr. Brown left the firm, the director _ him with a gold watch3. One or these methods _ to protect the earth and reduce waste.4. The light was still on after mid-night in the room. He was _ to know what was happening in
43、it.5. I wasnt _ of the decision until too late.6. The mayor of Beijing says that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics _ by 2006.7. I looked out through the window and _ her walking along the boat deck(甲板)8. It was decided that the president should be _ directly in free elections9. Ive visi
44、ted a lot of different places and stayed in lots of different hotels, but none of them _ this one. 【短语归类】【考点1】含 difference 的短语 make a / no / some, etc. difference (to sb / sth) (对 某人某事物有没有有些关系(影响) make a difference between 区别对待 make some difference to 对有些(没有)关系 have a difference in character 在性格上有差别
45、例句 It makes no difference t0 me which side may lose or win. 谁输准赢对我没有什么关系。She makes a difference between her family and herwork. 她对工作和家庭是有区别的。【考例1】Im afraid to tell you that the medicine will_ no difference to your illness。so stop takingit. A. take B. make C. get D. do考查目标 此题主要考查 difference 的动词搭配问题。答
46、案与解析B make a difference 是固定搭配。此时不可用其他动词。13. draw (ones) attention to sth. 对表示注意 The manager drew my attention to an error in my report. 经理要我注意报告中的一个错误。 拓展 pay attention to 注意 call ones attention to sth. 叫某人注意某事 turn attention to sth转移注意力到【考点2】与 fire 有关的短语 be on fire 在燃烧 set fire to sth = set sth on
47、fire 纵火，放火烧 catch fire 着火 make a fire 生火 light a fire 点火 put out a fire 灭火 play with fire 玩火；冒险 be on fire for 因而激动；充满激情 be full of fire 充满激情 under fire 受到攻击例句 The students are on fire for what theyre learn-ing in the computer class. 学生对电脑课的学习内容充满激情。The boy is full of fire. 这孩子充满热情。The grass caught
48、fireand the grass was on fire for ashort time. 草燃着了，草烧了一会儿。He who plays with fire gets burned. 玩火者必自焚(谚语)。辨析: be on fire 表示状态。而 catch fire 则表示动作-其完成时不可和段时间状语连用。【考例2】(2004 全国卷II) The forest guards often findcampfires that have not been _ completely. A. turned down B. put out C. put away D. turned ove
49、r考查目标 此题主要考查动词短语辨义。答案与解析B turn down是“调低。拒绝”的意思；put out是“熄灭，生产，伸出”的意思；put away是“收拾”的意思；turn over是“翻过来”的意思。14. look up to 尊敬；钦佩 He has always looked up to his father. In his eyes he is perfect. 他一直尊敬他父亲。在他的眼中，他是完美的。拓展 look down on / upon sb. 轻视、瞧不起某人【考点5】后有 to 的动词短语 lead to 通向；导致 look up to 尊敬 stick t
50、o 坚持 get used to 习惯于 look forward to 渴望；盼望 get down to 认真做某事 see to 注意；着手办理 pay attention to 注意 devote.to 致力于；投身于 belong to 属于 attend to 照顾；照料 object to 反对 be opposed to 反对 refer to 提到；参阅 contribute to 对有贡献 come to 谈到；涉及 adjust to 适合于例句 The bridge leads to the island. 这座桥通向那个岛。So many spelling mista
51、kes in the article led to great dif-ficulty in reading. 该篇文章拼写错误太多，令人看起来非常费劲。Hes such a devoted teacher that we all look up to him.他是一个有奉献精神的老师，我们都尊敬他。He has never felt looked up to. 他从没有觉得有人尊敬他。The day they had been looking forward to came at last.他们渴望的那一天终于到来。The final examination is coming up soo
52、n. Its time for us to get down to our studies. 期末考试就要来了。是我们认真学习的时候了。This machine is out of order; get a mechanic to see to it. 这台机器坏了；找个技工来检修一下。 友情提示：以上短语中的to是介词后接名词或动名词。【考例5】(2004湖北)Once a decision has been made, allof us should _ it. A. direct to B. stick to C. lead to D. refer to考查目标 此题主要考查动词短语辨析
53、。答案与解析 B direct本身是及物动词。后不需to。refer to的意思是“涉及，参阅指的是”。 【考点3】与turn有关的短语 turn out 生产；结果是 turn down 关小(灯光、音量等)；拒绝 turn to 转向；求助于 turn up 开大(灯光、音量等)；出现，露面 turn on / off 打开关上 turn aside 闪开；放在一边 turn over (使)翻转；把某人交给(警方等) turn in 上缴；移交 turn against 背叛 turn away (from) 转过脸不看 turn round 转过去例句She turned out si
54、x full-length novels in her life.她一生写了6部长篇小说。The beggar turned out (to be) a thief. 那个乞丐原来是个贼。That radio is pretty loud. Can you turn it down a little?收音机声音太大，你能开小一点吗?Many boys expressed their love to Mary, but sheturned them all down. 许多男孩向玛丽表达爱慕之意，但都被她拒绝了。After he left the university he became a t
55、eacher, butlater he turned to translation. 他大学毕业后当了教师，但后来转而从事翻译工作。We often turn to this handbook for information. 我们经常查阅这本手册寻找资料。He promised to come, but hasnt turned up yet. 他答应来，但尚未到。When he felt tired, he turned aside (from) his books tolisten to the radio. 感到疲劳时，他就把书放在一边去听收音机。 友情提示：要准确记住不同的搭配，尤其
56、是一个短语有多个意思的。【考例3】(2004浙江) We wanted to get home beforedark, but it didnt quite _ as planned. A. make out B. turn out C. go on D. come up考查目标 此题主要考查动词短语的辨义。答案与解析B make out有“弄清楚。明白”的惠思；turn out 的意思是“结果是证明是”；go on 的意思是“继续”!come up 的意思是“过来，走来”。题意是：我们原来想在天黑前到家，但结果并不像预计的那样。【考点4】what 短语 what if 如果将会怎样? wha
57、t for 为了什么，干什么用 what about. 怎么样?例句 What if she finds out youve lost her book? 如果她发现你弄丢了她的书将会是怎样呢?What did you do that for? 你干吗做那件事?What about having a rest? 休息一会儿怎么样?【考例4】(2004全国卷I)- Susan, will you please go and empty that drawer?- _? A. What for B. What is it C. How is it D. How come考查目标 此题主要考查交际用
58、语。答案与解析 A 根据语境。答语中问的是目的。该句其实是个省略句，补全后的完整句子是：I go and emptythat drawer for what。what提前构成疑问句就成了what for 或 for what。牛刀小试21. The military (军事) action, against lraq, _ against the wish of the peace-loving people all over the world, broke the international law. A. turned out B. carried out C. coming out D
59、. taking out2. _ a difference which you choose. A. Theres B. What has C. It makes D. That does3. Our teacher, _, is full of knowledge and kind. A. looking about B. looked about C. looking after D. looked up to4. _ we move the picture over there.? Do you think itll look better? A. What for B. How abo
60、ut C. What if D. If5. _ him she often turns for advice in critical moments. A. To B. For C. At D. Over 词语比较1. observe, watch 当“观察”来讲时，observe相当于watch carefully，尤 其用于实验或研究等场合。 具体来说，observe含有“察觉到”的意思，watch意为 “盯着看”。 watch 还含有“观看(比赛、电视)”等，而observe没有 此意。另外，watch还有“照料”之意，相当于take care of。还有“当心”之意，相当于be car
61、eful with。 She has observed the stars all her life. 她一生都在观察星星。 Ill watch the baby while you are away. 你不在时，由我照料你女儿。 Youd better watch Mr Smith, I think he is a thief. 你最好当心史密斯先生，我想他是个贼。2. be known for, be known as, be known to beknown for 以出了名 (通常不是指同位的关 系) be known as 作为出了名 (通常加上职业名词， 表同位关系) be kno
62、wn to 为所知 Japan is known for its cars. 日本以它的汽车而闻名。 Luxun is known as a writer. 鲁迅作为作家很出名。 As is known to all, China has four famous invitations. 众所周知，中国有四大著名的发明。3. elect, select, choose elect 只能用于选举人，是投票选举的正式用语。 They elected Nixon President. 他们选尼克松为总统。 choose 可用于挑选人或物。 Its hard for me to choose one
63、from s0 many pairs of shoes. 要从这么多双鞋子当中挑选一双对我来说真是太难了。 select 意为精心挑选，多用于物。 She selected a pair of socks to match her suit. 他精心挑选了一双袜子来与衣服搭配。4. burn down, burn up, burn out bum down 指“烧为平地，烧毁”；也指“火力减弱”。 The house was burnt down in an hour. 房子一小时被烧为平地。 bum up 有“烧旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。 Youd better put more wood
64、 on the fire to make it burn up. 你最好往火上添着柴，让它烧旺。 bum out 指“火熄灭”。 The fire had burnt out before I returned. 在我回来前，火已经熄灭了。 句型诠释1. By asking why，how and what if, curious minds find new ideas and solutions. What if.? 如果怎么办呢样? What if.? 相当于What would happen if.? 或 What should we do if.? What if father kn
65、ows the rmult? 要是父亲知道了结果会怎么样呢? What if the rumour is true? 万一谣传是真的呢?2. It takes a very unusual mind to undertake the analysis of the obvious. 分析显而易见的事物需要非凡的头脑。 It takes (sb.) sth. to do sth. 为固定句式。take意为 “花费、需要”。 It took unusual courage and determination to break away from his family. 与他的家庭决裂需要非凡的勇气
66、与决心。 Perseverance is a kind of quality and that is what it takes to do things well. 毅力是一种品质 是做好一切事情所需要的东 西。3. There did not seem much point in working on my PhD - I did not expect to survive that long. 取得博士学位似乎没有什么意义了，我已经不指望 活那么久了。 There is / seems no point in doing sth. 表示“做某事没 有作用或意义”。 There is no
67、 point in arguing further. 继续争执下去没有意义。 Begin your work now. There is no point in wasting time. 现在开始工作吧，浪费时间没有用。4. Nor did he let the disease stop him from living the kindof life he has always dreamt of.他也没有让病痛妨碍自己过梦寐以求的生活。Nor此处用法相当于neither，表示否定，意为“也不”，放句首时句子倒装；表示肯定用so。They havent yet visited the mus
68、eum. Nor / Neither have we. 他们还没参观过这个博物馆。我们也没有参观过。 They have visited the museum. So have we. 他们参观过这个博物馆。我们也参观过。5. .it was the first time that I had written with real passion and becaase it made me realize that everyones life is unique. 我之所以喜欢这篇报道，是因为这是我第一次满怀 热情去写的，这使我认识到每个人的生活都各县特 色。 It / This / Tha
69、t is the first time (that).是固定句 型。该句型的that从句中通常用完成时态。 This is the first time that I have been here in China. 这足我第一次到中国来。 拓展 the first time 可充当从属连词的作用，引起 时间状语从句。 The first time I saw her, I fell in love with her. 我第一次见她就爱上了她。6. The result is a better understanding of the world on all sides, leading t
70、o a future world where people from all countries are respected and different views and opinions are tolerated. 结果大家就能够对世界的方方面面有更好的认识， 以至于在未来的世界里，所有国家的人都能够得到 尊重，所有不同的观点和意见都能够受到包容。 leading to. 为状语，表示结果。 The child slipped and fell down, hitting his head against the door. 那孩子滑了一跤，头碰到了门上。 注意 现在分词作结果状语时表示
71、必然的结果，而 不定式作状语表示出乎意料的结果。 One day I went shopping and came back to find my front wheel missing. 有一天我买东西，回来时发现我的车前轮不见了。7. Brave and strong, the activists talked to workers outside the factory and left a positive message about protecting the earth. 这些勇敢坚强的活跃人士在厂外与该厂工人举行 了会谈，并就如何保护地球提出了积极的建议。 此句是形容词作方式状
72、语。 Stone-faced， the captain ordered to reduce speed. 船长面无表情地下达了减速的命令。 拓展 形容词或形容词短语还可在句中充当以下 状语成分。 (1) 原因状语 Too nervous to reply, he stared at the floor. 他紧张得不能回答，只是凝望着地板。 (2) 条件状语 Fresh from the oven, rolls are delicious. 面包卷如果是刚出炉的，则会很香。 (3) 时间状语 Ripe, these apples are sweet. 这些苹果熟了的时候是很甜的。 (4) 句子状
73、语 (对句子内容加以评注) Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，他竟然通过了考试。 More important, he has got a steady job. 更重要的是，他得到了一份稳定的工作。8. They build a theory about the way in which things happen and the causes and effects. 他们推出了一个理沦用来说明事物是如何发生和导 致结果的。 句中的先行词 the way 后引导的定语从句，可用in which / that或省略关系代
74、词的形式。 I dont like the way (in which / that) he speaks to his father. 我不喜欢他和他的父亲说话的方式。9. More than ninety responsible and caring citizens，made their voices heard today. 九十多位富有责任心的市民让人们听到了他们的心 声。 make ones voice heard 等于 make oneself heard (把意 见说给别人听)，过去分词作宾补，与宾语存在逻辑上 的被动关系。如：make oneself known (作自我介绍
75、) make oneself understood (使人嫂解自己)。 类似的用法： All these things made him interested in history.这些东西都使他对历史发生了必趣。【句型归纳】【考点1】Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood. 世上没有可怕的事情。只有需要了解的事情。该句中的不定式作表语，表示“应该，必须”。例如：The form is to be filled in and returned within three weeks. 表格必须在三周内填好并返回。
76、be to do 也可用来表示预先的较为正式的严肃的“计 划，安排”。例如： Their daughter is to be married soon. 他们的女儿很 快就要结婚了。 有时指并非事先做好的安排，而是指命运，即命中注 定的事情。 was / were + to have done 表示本来计划做某事而 未做。 用来表示命令、指示、劝告；在通知和注意事项里，常 用is / are + to be done。例如： You are to do your homework before you watch TV. 看电视之前先把作业做了。 用于条件句中表示“想要(如何)”。【考例 1】
77、(2001上海)In such dry weather, the flowers will have to be watered if they _. A. have survived B. are to survive C. would survive D. will survive考查目标本题考查条件状语从句中谓语动词的形式。答案与解析B 在条件状语从句中，不能用将来时，须用一般时替代，所以首先排除C、D两项。选项A用的现在完成时，它表示的动作应发生在谓语动词的动作之前；选项B用的加 + to do，这种结构中，be是系动词，to do 作表语，是一般现在时，在这里表示假设，即“这么干旱的
78、天气，要让花儿活下来的话只有浇水。”【考点2】Only by discovering what we do best can we hopeto reach our goals and truly make a difference. 只有发现我们的专长。我们才有希望达到自己的目标而真正有所作为。该句中，要注意句型：Only + 副词副词短语状语从句+ 助动词 + 主语 + 其他。例如：Only by working hard can we succeed. 只有努力工作，我们才能取得成功。【考例2】(2003上海春招)Only in this way _ to make improvemen
79、t in the operation system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope考查目标本题考查“Only + 状语置于句首引起部分倒装”的用法。答案与解析C 因为only放在句首，且修饰状语时，句子应采用部分倒装，即把谓语的一部分倒装至主语之前，再根据句子的意思“只有这种方法我们才能改进这个操作系统”得出正确答案。【考点3】I like the story because it was the first time thatI had written with real passion and
80、 because it made merealize that everyones life is different. 我之所以喜欢这篇报道，是因为这是我第一次满怀热情去写的，这使我认识到每个人的生活都各具特色。该句中It / This / That + be + the first time (that)是一重要句型，表示“是某人第一次做某事”。例如：This is the first time that l have visited China. 这是我第一次到中国访问。注意：The first time (that). 表示“第一次时，”，起从属连词的作用。The first time
81、 I went to Beijing, I visited the SummerPalace. 我第一次到北京时，就参观了颐和同。【考例3】(1998上海)I thought her nice and honest _ I met her. A. first time B. for the first time C. the first time D. by the first time考查目标本题主要考查the first time作连词引导状语从句的用法。答案与解析C 选项A中的first time欠缺定冠词the；选项B中的for the first time 表示“第一次”，只用于状语
82、，不接状语从句。如选它，则整个句子变为并列关系；选项D中多了by。牛刀小试31. Only by taking a taxi _ on time. A. you can arrive there B. arrive there you can C. can you arrive there D. there you can arrive2. _ I met her, she was working only in a small factory. A. The first time B. For the first time C. At the first time D. At first3.
83、 Much of the work is _ before sunset. A. finished B. to finish it C. being finished D. to be finished4. Only when your identity has been checked _. A. you are allowed in B. you will be allowed in C. will you allow in D. will you be allowed in 【交际速成】【考点1】表示欣赏和赞扬以及相对应的答语- Youve given us a wonderful Ch
84、inese dinner, Mrs. Wang. - _. A. Oh, Im afraid I didnt cook very well B. Im glad you enjoyed it C. Come again when you are free D. Its not necessary for you to say so答案与解析B 对于别人的欣赏和赞扬，英语思维和中文思维的模式有很大区别。中文思维过程一般都要谦虚在先，而英语则很直接地表达出自己内心的想法。A、D两项都属于中文的谦虚表达方式，不可选。C项不符合英文思维模式。故正确答案是B项。【归纳】英语中一般不用掩饰自己内心的高兴的
85、情感，对于别人的赞赏要回答得落落大方，常见的表达有： Thats nice of. Im glad you like it. Thank you Its very kind of you to say so. 例如：- You look very smart in this suit. 你穿这身衣裳显得很精神。- Really? Im glad to hear that. 真的?我就爱听这话。【考点2】征询对方意见或看法及相应的回答(NMET 2000)- What about having a drink? - _. A. Good idea B. Help yourself C. G0 a
86、head，please D. Me, too答案与解析A 本题主要考查的是，当别人征求你的意见和看法时，你该如何作答。针对题干问话，B、C、D三项都不符合题意只有A项表明你乐意接受了对方的提议。故只有A项正确。【归纳】在英语中用来征询对方意见或看法的表达有很多，例如： what do you think of / about.? How do you like / find / enjoy.? Whats your opinion? Do you think.?用来作答的有： Good idea. Good / Great. Why not? Lets. 例如：- Harry, shall w
87、e go to beach for the week? 哈里，周末我们去海边，好吗?- OK. Lets. 好啊。【考点3】表达自己的意见和看法(2004天津)- How often do you eat out?- _, but usually once a week A. Have no idea B. It depends C. As usual D. Generally speaking答案与解析B “It depends”意为“视情况而定”。通过对话中usually的理解，可以排除C、D两项。根据题中的but，可以得出A项与题意不符。故只有B项正确。【归纳】英语中用来表达自己的意见和
88、看法的方式根据态度分为肯定的，也有否定的，常用的有： I guess / think / suppose(not) I would rather.(not) Im very sorry, but. I (dont) think we should. 例如：- Do you think its going to rain over the weekend? 你 认为周末会下雨吗?- I believe not. 我想不会。又如：- Do you mind if I smoke? 我抽烟你介意吗?- Id rather you didnt. 但愿你别抽。牛刀小试41. - Id like to i
89、nvite you to dinner this Saturday, Mr. Smith. - _. A. Oh, no. Lets not B. Id rather stay at home C. Im sorry, but I have other plans D. Oh, no. Thats too much trouble2. - You havent been to Beijing，have you?- _. How I wish to go there! (NMET 1998) AYes，1 have BYes，I havent CNo，I have DNo，I havent3.
90、- Can l get you a cup of tea? - _. (NMET 1998) A. Thats very nice of you B. With pleasure C. You can，please D. Thank you for the tea4. - I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her.- _. It was her fault. (NMET 2003) A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at all5. - The boys are not do
91、ing a good job at all, are they? - _. (2003北京) A. I guess not so B. I dont guess C. I dont guess so D. I guess not 精典题例( )1. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only _ the film stars had left. (2004 福建) A. to tell B. be told C. telling D. told 【解析】选B 该题考查不定式做结果状语的用法。不定式前有only，just等词，后跟不定式通常表结
92、果。又因为记者们应该是被告知，所以用不定式的被动式。( )2. Having been in in bed for nearly a month, they had a hard time _ the exam. (2004福建) A. pass B. to pass C. passed D. passing 【解析】选D 该题考查句型 have a hard time (in)doing。( )3. He hasnt slept at all for three days. _ he is tired out. (2005 湖北) A. There is no point B. There
93、is no need C. It is no wonder D. It is no way 【解析】选C 依题意“他三天没睡，难怪他累极了。”There is no point in doing sth. 是本单元的句型，意为：做某事没有作用或意义；而There is no need in doing sth. 没有必要做某事；It is no wonder 没什么大惊小怪；It is no way没可能。( )4. The disc digitally _ in the studio sounded fantastic at the party that night. (2004上海) A.
94、 recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded 【解析】选A 通过分析句子，该题句子的谓语显然是sounded，因此recorded只能是非谓语，所以选A，考查过去分词在句中做定语的用法，recorded 相当于 which wasrecorded。( )5. _ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. (2003北京) A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. While 【解析】选C 句意为“只要我知道钱是安全
95、的，我就不会担心。”even though“即使”；unless“除非”；while“当时候”，它们都同句意不吻合。( ) 6. We were swimming in the lake _ suddenly the stoma started. (2004北京春季) A. when B. while C. until D. before 【解析】选A 该题考查连词的用法。该句的意思是：当我们正在湖里游泳的时候，突然暴风雨开始了。when表示“这时(突然)”的意思，这种用法when一般放句末。( )7. Ol prices have risen by 32 percent sinee the
96、start of the year, _ a record US$57.65 a barrel on April 4. (2005山东) A. have reached B. reaching C. to reach D. to be reaching 【解析】选B 分词在句中做结果状语，可参见本单元的句型6。( )8. _ the pot for me, and dont let the milk come out. Ill be back soon. A. Observe B. Notice C. Watch D. Look out 【解析】选C watch 表示集中精力“照料，监视”，本句意为“帮我看着壶，别让牛奶溢出来。”；observe意为“观察”，表示动作；Notice指“注意到”表示结果；look out后面不能接宾语。
