1、上海市实脸学校2020学年度第二学期期末考试高二英语复习卷II. Grammar and Vocabulary Section A10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blank
2、s, used one word that best fits each blank.A poet, painter, and architect, as well as a sculptor, Michelangelo Buonarroti famously said, “T saw the angel in the marble and carved until I set him free”. He was considered the greatest artist of his time and is still seen as one of the greatest of all
3、time. And one of his marvelous works stretches across the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel, which _1_(get) the annual checkup right now. For a whole month each year, from 5:30 to midnight, when all the tourists are gone, a team from the Vatican comes in to clean up, check for damage and report on the h
4、ealth of some of The worlds most treasured art. Its a painstaking process: scaffolding must be erected and taken down each night and _2_not be attached to the walls to avoid damaging the paintings.One of the biggest problems of the Sistine Chapel is humidity. 25,000 visitors a day posed a risk for t
5、he paintings. When we visit the Sistine Chapel, we bring in humidity and we heat the environment like a bulb, 80-watt bulb. To combat humidity, there are 30 hidden sensors _3_ (measure) temperature, air circulation and the number of visitors in the chapel.The famous frescoes painted in this chapel a
6、re over 500 years. Back then, there was no artificial lighting. And being the popes private chapel, far fewer people came through here as well. So cleaning and restoration wasnt really a priority then. Today, with new technology and lighting, not only _4_(be) there better cleaning but it also has re
7、vealed to restorers the true colors used by Michelangelo.After a cleaning and restoration in the 1990s the world was shocked _5_(discover) that Michelangelo actually used vivid greens, purples and reds because for centuries it was assumed that he painted in dark, subdued tones. But that was only the
8、 accumulation of dirt and grime. _6_youre in the Sistine Chapel, look out for little black marks, squares and triangles on some of the paintings. Theyre called witnesses, deliberately _7_(leave) as evidence for future restorers to give an idea of just how dark the paintings were before._8_(make) sur
9、e the colors stay vibrant, a color team measures any changes to tone by taking pictures of the frescoes with a multi-wavelength camera _9_is then analyzed by a computer. Dr, Fabio Morresi is in charge of color analysis, t4We can see the color of every single pixel and compare it throughout the years
10、. Its important because we can detect any changes even before they are visible _10_the human eye. 【答案】1. is getting 2. can 3. measuring 4. is 5. to discover 6. Next time 7. left 8. To make 9. which#that 10. to【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了米开朗基罗的一件杰作横跨西斯廷教堂的天花板，这座教堂现在正在进行年度检查。介绍了教堂面临的一些问题以及教堂里著名壁画的一些情况。【1题详
11、解】考查动词时态。句意：他的一件杰作横跨西斯廷教堂的天花板，这座教堂现在正在进行年度检查。根据后文now可知表示动作正在进行应用现在进行时，非限制性定语从句中谓语与先行词the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel保持一致，故谓语用单数。故填is getting。【2题详解】考查情态动词。句意：这是一个艰苦的过程：脚手架必须每晚竖起和拆卸，不能固定在墙上，以免损坏画作。结合句意表示“能”应用情态动词can，后跟动词原形。故填can。【3题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了对抗湿度，教堂里有30个隐藏的用来测量温度、空气流通和游客人数的传感器。分析句子结构可知measure在
12、句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语sensors构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填measuring。【4题详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：今天，有了新的技术和照明，不仅有了更好的清洁，而且还揭示了米开朗基罗使用的真实颜色。根据上文today可知，应用一般现在时，且there be句型中主语为better cleaning，故谓语用单数。故填is。【5题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在20世纪90年代的一次清洁和修复之后，全世界震惊地发现米开朗基罗实际上使用了鲜艳的绿色、紫色和红色，因为几个世纪以来，人们一直认为他的绘画风格是深色、柔和的。此处为be adj. to do sth.结构，应填
13、不定式。故填to discover。【6题详解】考查固定短语。句意：下次你在西斯廷教堂的时候，注意一些画上的小黑点、正方形和三角形。引导时间状语从句，表示“下次”应用next time，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Next time。【7题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们被称为目击者，被故意留下作为未来修复者的证据，让他们知道这些画之前有多黑暗。分析句子结构可知leave在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语witnesses构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填left。【8题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了确保色彩保持鲜艳，一个色彩小组用多波长相机对壁画拍照，然后由计算机分析，测量色调的变化。
14、分析句子结构可知，make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处作目的状语，故用不定式。句首单词首字母要大写。故填To make。【9题详解】考查定语从句。句意：为了确保色彩保持鲜艳，一个色彩小组用多波长相机对壁画拍照，然后由计算机分析，测量色调的变化。此处为限定性定语从句，修饰先行词pictures，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。【10题详解】考查介词。句意：这很重要，因为我们可以在人类肉眼可见之前就察觉到任何变化。结合句意表示“可见的”可知，短语为be visible to。故填to。Section B 10%Directions: C
15、omplete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. aired；B. insured；C. operation；D. streaming；E. equivalentF. driver；G. wide-ranging；H. involved；I. additional；J. injected；K. brandJapans Prime Minister and th
16、e International Olympic Committee agreed to postpone the Summer Olympics until 20 because of the coronavirus outbreak.The decision, announced Tuesday, has_11_ramifications for the sports world as well as for NBC, the network that has become synonymous with the event.The Olympics, which were schedule
17、d to take place from July 24 to August 9 in Tokyo, are both a global athletic competition and a major television event in which NBC and its parent company, Comcast (CMCSA), are heavily invested.NBC has_12_every summer Olympics since 1988. Postponing this years games disrupts multiple pans of NBC, fr
18、om its ad revenue business to the promotion of Peacock, the, networks new _13_service. “This is significant to NBC because theyve built their_14_ around it. Theyre the network of the Olympics, said Jay Rosenstein, a former vice president of programming at CBS Sports. The peacock is intertwined with
19、the rings.” Rosenstein added that nearly every part of NBC is_15_with putting together the games, including its sports, news and cable divisions.Japanese PM and IOC chief agree to postpone 2020 Olympics until 20. This is much more than just a two-week_16_for them. They have to prepare for it for yea
20、rs. Pausing and restarting it is a big challenge, Rosenstein told CNN Business. Its also a(n) _17_challenge because the Beying Winter Games in 2022 would likely only be six months later now.Patrick Crakes, a media consultant and former Fox Sports executive, said that the Olympics are a “top-five inv
21、estment for Comcast. Every two years the whole company goes all in to present one of the worlds unifying premiere events,” M Crakes told CNN Business, Ulfs_18_to turning around an aircraft carrier to do all this again next year.The games are a huge advertising and ratings_19_. NBC Sports announced t
22、hat it exceeded $1.2 billion in ad sales for the upcoming Olympics - a new record for the games.Brian Roberts, Comcasts CEO, said earlier this month that he was optimistic that the Olympics would lake place as scheduled, but added that the company is_20_if the games are interrupted or canceled by th
23、e outbreak.【答案】11. G 12. A 13. D 14. K 15. H 16. C 17. I 18. E 19. F 20. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。由于新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，日本首相和国际奥委会同意将夏季奥运会推迟到20年。 周二宣布的这一决定对体育界和NBC都有广泛的影响，NBC已经成为了这一赛事的代名词。【11题详解】考查形容词。句意：周二宣布的这一决定对体育界和NBC都有广泛的影响，NBC已经成为了这一赛事的代名词。修饰后文名词ramifications，结合句意表示“广泛的”应用形容词wide-ranging，作定语。故填wide-ranging。故选G
24、。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：自1988年以来，NBC每年都转播夏季奥运会。空处作谓语，结合句意表示“转播”应用动词air，且结合上文NBC has可知为现在完成时。故填aired。故选A。【13题详解】考查固定短语。句意：推迟今年的奥运会将扰乱NBC的多个业务，从广告收入业务到新流媒体服务Peacock的推广。结合句意表示“流媒体服务”可知短语为streaming service。故填streaming。故选D。【14题详解】考查名词。句意：这对NBC来说意义重大，因为他们的品牌就是围绕着它建立起来的。空处作宾语，表示“品牌”应用名词brand，此处为特指应用单数形式。故填brand。故选
25、K。【15题详解】考查固定短语。句意：罗森斯坦补充说，NBC几乎每个部门都参与了奥运会的筹备工作，包括体育、新闻和有线电视部门。结合句意表示“参与”可知短语为be involved with。故填involved。故选H。【16题详解】考查名词。句意：对他们来说，这不仅仅是一个两周的操作。空处作宾语，表示“操作”应用名词operation，冠词a提示用单数。故填operation。故选C。【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：这也是一个额外的挑战，因为2022年的北京冬奥会可能只晚了6个月。修饰后文名词challenge，结合句意表示“额外的”应用形容词additional，作定语。故填additi
26、onal。故选I。【18题详解】考查固定短语。句意：“每隔两年，整个公司都会全力以赴地举办一场全球统一的首映活动，”M Crakes告诉CNN商业频道，乌尔夫相当于让一艘航空母舰明年再做这些事情。根据句意“相当于”可知短语为equivalent to。故填equivalent。故选E。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：这些游戏是巨大广告和收视率驱动因素。空处作表语，结合句意表示“驱动因素”应用名词driver，冠词a提示用单数。故填driver。故选F。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：康卡斯特首席执行官Brian Roberts本月早些时候表示，他对奥运会将如期举行持“乐观”态度，但他补充说，如果奥
27、运会因疫情而中断或取消，公司将提供保险。结合句意表示“提供保险”可知应填动词insure，作谓语，结合上文the company is可知用一般现在时的被动语态。故填insured。故选B。III. Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions： For each blank in the Jollowing passage there are Jour words or phrase s marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits th
28、e context.As the world changes, our language changes with it. Thats why Merriam-Webster recently added more than 250 new words to its online dictionary, _ changes in fields from lifestyle to politics and from business to technology.“These new words have been added to the dictionary because they have
29、_22_ themselves in the English language, and are part of the current, active vocabulary of America.” Merriam- Webster associate editor Emily Brewster said in a press_23_ .Here our newspaper has chosen three of the dictionarys new entries. Lets take a look.Froyo(冻酸奶)While ice cream has been around fo
30、r more than 100 years, froyo or frozen yogurt-is comparatively new. Even though it was first invented back in the 1970s, it only started to gain_24_recently, which is why the shorter versionfroyois entering peoples daily vocabulary.Compared to ice cream, the main_25_ point of froyo is that its healt
31、hier. It takes away peoples_26_while still allowing them to have the satisfaction of eating something sweet. As The Huffington Post put it, froyo isstarting a_27_ in the healthier dessert industry.Word salad(文字沙拉)It was first used to refer to a series of words said by people with mental illness. Jus
32、t like the vegetables in a salad bowl, each word makes perfect sense by itself, but when put together, they become hard to _28_Dogs moon purple monkey dishwasher, for example.Now the phrase is more often used to refer to the words of a politician, although this refers to the speakers logic rather th
33、an their mental state. US President Donald Trump,s interviews are often referred to as word salad._29_ , he told an AP reporter in April:But he said, will be the greatest president but I would also accept the other. In other words, if you do your job, but I accept that.Troll (网络喷子)The _30_meaning of
34、 troll (巨魔) is a mythical _31_ that is huge, ugly and angry and lives in places like caves. Now its also used to refer to the kind of Internet user who _32_posts comments, some of which seem_33_to hurt other people.Other phrases and usage have also been_34_fromtroll , including Internet trolling -th
35、e act of unleashing(发泄) unfriendly remarks online, andbeing trolled-which means to fall_35_to a troll. A. overtakingB. coveringC. engagingD. experiencing22. A. enjoyedB. polishedC. establishedD. trapped23. A. releaseB. congressC. negotiationD. demonstration24. A. permissionB. packageC. popularityD.
36、patent25. A. turningB. coolingC. startingD. selling26. A. guiltB. tasteC. appetiteD. diet27. A. resolutionB. revolutionC. recommendationD. reservation28. A. interruptB. indicateC. interactD. interpret29. A. in a wordB. For instanceC. All in allD. As a result30. A. culturalB. obviousC. originalD. hid
37、den31. A. creatureB. giantC. wormD. ghost32. A. dramaticallyB. delicatelyC. disorderlyD. deliberately33. A. offensiveB. objectiveC. progressiveD. productive34. A. evolvedB. inventedC. expandedD. transformed35. A. civilianB. fairyC. victimD. pedestrian【答案】. B 22. C 23. A 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D
38、 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. A 34. B 35. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要内容是随着时代的变迁，我们的语言也随之变化。韦氏词典也因此收入了很多涉及各领域的新词，并列举出了在美国社会活跃度较高的新词及其解释。【题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这就是为什么韦氏词典最近新增了250多个新词，涵盖了从生活方式到政治、从商业到科技等各个领域的变化。A. overtaking赶上；B. covering覆盖；C. engaging从事；D. experiencing经历。根据句意可知，韦氏词典新增了250多个新词，涵盖（cover）了多个领域，故选B。【22
39、题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些新词之所以被收入词典，是因为它们已经在英语中确立了自己的地位，是美国当前活跃词汇的一部分。A. enjoyed喜爱；B. polished磨光；C. established建立；D. trapped陷入。根据空后内容可知，这些词是美国当前活跃词汇的一部分，所以已经确立（establish）了自己的地位，故选C。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦氏词典副主编艾米丽布鲁斯特在一次新闻发布会上说。A. release发布；B. congress国会；C. negotiation谈判；D. demonstration说明。根据句意可知，press releas
40、e意为“新闻发布会”，与题意相符，故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管早在20世纪70年代就有人发明了“froyo”，但直到最近才开始流行起来，这就是为什么“froyo”的简写形式才进入人们的日常词汇。A. permission许可；B. package包；包裹；C. popularity普及；D. patent专利。根据语境可知，20世纪70年froyo就已经存在，但最近才流行（popularity）起来，故选C。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：与冰淇淋相比，froyo的主要卖点是更健康。A. turning转向；B. cooling冷却；C. starting开始；D.
41、 selling售卖。根据句意可知 ，selling point意为“卖点”，故选D。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：它消除了人们的罪恶感，同时仍然让他们有吃一些甜的东西的满足感。A. guilt犯罪；B. taste口味；C. appetite胃口；D. diet节食。根据空后内容可知，while表示对比，所以是满足感对应犯罪感（guilt），故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：正如赫芬顿邮报所言，froyo正在“开启一场健康甜品行业的革命”。A. resolution决议；B. revolution改革；C. recommendation推荐；D. reservation预
42、定。根据空前内容可知，消除罪恶感，通过吃健康的甜品来获得满足，这开启了一场健康甜品行业的革命（revolution），故选B。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像沙拉碗里的蔬菜一样，每个单词本身都很有意义，但当它们放在一起时，就很难解释，例如“狗月紫猴洗碗机”。A. interrupt打断；B. indicate表明；C. interact互相影响；D. interpret说明。根据空后的内容可知，Word salad这个词很难解释（interpret）故用后文举例说明，故选D。【29题详解】考查词组辨析。句意：美国总统唐纳德特朗普的采访通常被称为“文字沙拉”。例如，他今年4月对美联社记
43、者说:“但他说，我将是最伟大的总统，但我也会接受对方。”A. in a word总之；B. For instance例如；C. All in all总之；D. As a result因此。根据语境可知，此处表示“特朗普总统的采访”被称为“文字沙拉”，其后用举例来解释说明，故选B。【30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“troll”的原意是一种虚构的生物，体形庞大、丑陋、愤怒，生活在洞穴等地方。A. cultural文化的；B. obvious明显的；C. original最初的；D. hidden隐藏的。根据语境可知，此处解释troll的原意，original meaning意为“原意”，故
44、选C。31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“troll”的原意是一种虚构的生物，体形庞大、丑陋、愤怒，生活在洞穴等地方。A. creature生物；B. giant巨人；C. worm虫子；D. ghost鬼。根据语境可知，“体形庞大、丑陋、愤怒，生活在洞穴等地方” 只能是形容某种生物，giant意为“巨人”，一般不用huge来修饰，故选A。【32题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：现在它也被用来指那些故意发表评论的互联网用户，其中一些评论似乎冒犯了其他人。A. dramatically显著低地；B. delicately微妙地；C. disorderly杂乱地；D. deliberately故意
45、地。根据语境可知，troll现在多指故意发表评论的互联网用户，deliberately意为“故意地”，故选D。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现在它也被用来指那些故意发表评论的互联网用户，其中一些评论似乎冒犯了其他人。A. offensive攻击的；B. objective客观的；C. progressive进步的；D. productive生产的。根据句意可知，be offensive to意为“冒犯某人”，故选A。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“troll”还衍生出其他短语和用法，包括“Internet trolling”(在网上发表不友好言论的行为)和“being tro
46、lled”(成为troll的受害者)。A. evolved（使）逐渐形成个；B. invented发明；C. expanded扩张；D. transformed改变。根据文意可知，来自于troll很多和它相关的短语和用法被发明出来（衍生），故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：“troll”还衍生出其他短语和用法，包括“Internet trolling”(在网上发表不友好言论的行为)和“being trolled”(成为troll的受害者)。A. civilian平民；B. fairy仙女；C. victim受害人；D. pedestrian行人。根据句意可知，troll衍生出来的短
47、语中being trolled解释为“被喷”，即喷子的受害者（victim），故选C。Section B16%Directions: Read the following two passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, D, Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in t
48、he passage you have just read.(A)To live in the United States today is to gain an appreciation for Nahrendorfs declaration that social change exists everywhere. Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.Yet we would do well to remind ourselves th
49、at technology is a human creation; it does not exist naturally. A spear or a robot is as much a cultural as a physical object. Until humans use a spear to hunt game or a robot to produce machine parts, neither is much more than a solid mass of matter. For a bird locking for an object on which to res
50、t, a spear or robot serves the purpose equally well. The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems suddenly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them
51、right. Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it. Pessimists worry that we will use Our technology eventually to blow our world and ourselves to pieces. But they have been saying this for decades, and so far we have managed to survive and even flourish. Whethe
52、r we will continue to do so in the years ahead remains uncertain. Clearly, the impact of technology on our lives deserves a closer examination.Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution. Scientists and engineers have designed specialized machin
53、es that can do the tasks that once only people could do. There are those who declare that the switch to an information-based economy is in the same camp as other great historical milestones, particularly the Industrial Revolution. Yet when we ask why the Industrial Revolution was a revolution, we fi
54、nd that it was not the machines. The primary reason why it was revolutionary is that it led to great social change. It gave rise to mass production and, through mass production, to a society in which wealth was not restricted to the few.In somewhat similar fashion, computers promise to revolutionize
55、 the structure of American life, particularly as they free the human mind and open new possibilities in knowledge and communication. The Industrial Revolution supplemented and replaced the muscles of humans and animals by mechanical methods. The computer extends this development to supplement and re
56、place some aspects of the mind of human beings by electronic methods. It is the capacity of the computer for solving problems and making decisions that represents its greatest potential and that poses the greatest difficulties in predicting the impact on society.36. Why does the author give the exam
57、ples of the Challenger and Chernobyl?A. To show that technology could be used to destroy our world.B. To stress the authors concern about the safety of complex technology.C. To prove that technology usually goes wrong, if not controlled by man.D. To demonstrate that being a human creation, technolog
58、y is likely to make an error.37. What docs the phrase went haywire in paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. were out of rangeB. got out of controlC. fell out of useD. went out of date38. According to the author, the introduction of the computer is a revolution mainly because_.A. it has a great potential
59、 impact on societyB. it has helped to switch to an information technologyC. the computer has revolutionized the workings of the human mindD. the computer can do the tasks that could only be done by people before39. In the passage, the author clearly shows his_.A. keen insight into the nature of tech
60、nologyB sharp criticism of the role of the Industrial RevolutionC. thorough analysis of the replacement of the human mind by computersD. comprehensive description of the negative consequences of technology【答案】36. D 37. B 38. A 39. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要论述了技术的含义，技术只有在人类使用他们的情况下才具有技术的品质，同时，因为技术是人类创造的，因
61、此技术也会有出错的时候，也具有人类的一些特征。同时提到了计算机革命所带来的巨大社会变革，计算机解决问题和作出决定的能力代表了它最大的潜力，也给预测其对社会的影响造成了最大的困难。【36题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology; they provide cases in which well-planned systems sudden
62、ly went haywire and there was no ready hand to set them right.(挑战者航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯在切尔诺贝利的核事故推动了人类的技术质量；它们提供了计划良好的系统突然失控，没有准备好纠正它们的案例。)”并结合下一句“Since technology is a human creation, we are responsible for what is done with it.（既然技术是人类创造的，我们就应该对它所做的一切负责。）”可推断，作者给出挑战者号和切尔诺贝利的例子，是为了证明作为人类的创造，技术可能会出错。故选D。【37题详
63、解】词义猜测题。根据上文“The explosion of the Challenger space shuttle and the Russian nuclear accident at Chernobyl drive home the human quality of technology(挑战者航天飞机的爆炸和俄罗斯在切尔诺贝利的核事故推动了人类的技术质量)”可知，挑战者号航天飞机爆炸了，切尔诺贝利发生了核事故，因此推断划线句说明：它们提供了计划良好的系统突然失控没有准备好纠正它们的案例。故划线短语与A项“失控”意思相近，故选B。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“The prima
64、ry reason why it was a revolution is that it led to great social change.（它是一场革命的主要原因是它导致了巨大的社会变革。）”可知，作者认为，计算机的出现之所以是一场革命，是因为它潜在地对社会产生了巨大的影响。故选A。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“Technology, the application of knowledge for practical ends, is a major source of social change.(技术,是知识的实际应用，是社会变革的主要来源。)”以及第二段内容可知，前两段
65、作者提到的科技的不可控因素对人类造成的影响，根据第三段的“Few technological developments have had a greater impact on our lives than the computer revolution.(很少有技术发展比计算机革命对我们的生活产生更大的影响)”可知，第三段介绍了计算机对人类生活与社会的巨大影响，并结合文章其它内容可推断作者通篇都在讲述科技对人类社会与生活的影响，展示了作者对技术本质的敏锐的洞察力。故选A。(B)There has, in recent years, been an outpouring of informat
66、ion about the impact of buildings on the natural environment. Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design strives to convince others of its effectiveness and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue. Seldom do these documents offer any advice to practitioners,
67、 such as (hose designing mechanical and electrical systems for a building, on how to utilize this knowledge on a practical level.While the terms green and sustainable arc often considered synonymous, in that they both symbolize nature, green does not include all that is meant by sustainability. Some
68、 elements of green design may be sustainable too, for example those which reduce energy usage and pollution, while others, such as ensuring internal air quality, may be considered green despite having no influence on the ecological balance.Although there are a good many advocates of green constructi
69、on in the architectural industry, this is not enough to make green construction come into being. The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the person financing the project. If the owner considers green d
70、esign unimportant, or of secondary importance, then more than likely, it will not be factored into the design.The 81nmissioning(委托)process plays a key role in ensuring the owner gets the building he wants, in terms of design, costs and risk. At the predesign stage, the owners objectives, criteria an
71、d the type of design imagined are discussed and documented. This gives a design team a solid foundation on which they can build their ideas, and also provides a specific standard against which individual elements, such as costs, design and environmental impact can be judged.In some cases, an owner m
72、ay be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design. He may have done research into it himself or he may have been informed of the merits of green design through early discussion with professionals. However, firms should not take it as read that someone commissioning a building already h
73、as a preconceived idea of how green he intends the structure to be. Indeed, this initial interaction between owner and firm is the ideal time for a designer to outline and promote the ways that green design can meet the clients objectives, thus turning a project originally not destined for green des
74、ign into a potential candidate.40. What is the passage mainly about?A. Explaining to owners why ignoring green issues is costly and dangerous.B. Explaining to professionals how they can influence clients to choose greener designs.C. Explaining to owners the importance of green building design in red
75、ucing long-term damage.D. Explaining to professionals why it is important to follow the correct procedures.41. The examples of green and sustainable designs given in paragraph 2 show that_.A. designs must be sustainable in order for them to be described as green.B. for the purposes of this paper, th
76、e terms green and sustainable have the same meaning.C. some sustainable designs arc green, while others are not.D. some designs are termed green, even though they are not sustainable.42. According to paragraph 3, the reason for the lack of green buildings being designed is that_.A. few firms have an
77、y experience in design and constructing buildings to a green design.B. construction companies are unaware of the benefits of green and sustainable designs.C. firms do not get to decide whether a building is to be constructed sustainably.D. firms tend to convince clients that other factors are more i
78、mportant than sustainability.43. Which of the following is NOT true about the commissioning process?A. It is conducted before the building is designed.B. It is a stage that all clients go through when constructing a building.C. It is a step in the design procedure in which the clients goals arc iden
79、tified.D. It provides the firm with a measure of how well they did their job.【答案】40. B 41. D 42. C 43. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了绿色建筑的重要性以及向专业人士解释他们如何影响客户选择更环保的设计。【40题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Information which explains and promotes green and sustainable construction design strives to convince others of its effec
80、tiveness and warns of the dangers of ignoring the issue.（解释和促进绿色和可持续建筑设计的信息努力说服他人其有效性，并警告忽视这一问题的危险。）”及全文可知，这篇文章的主要内容是向专业人士解释他们如何影响客户选择更环保的设计。故选B。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“While the terms green and sustainable arc often considered synonymous, in that they both symbolize nature, green does not include all th
81、at is meant by sustainability.（“绿色”和“可持续发展”通常被认为是同义的，因为它们都是自然的象征，绿色并不包括可持续发展的所有含义。）”可推断，第二段给出的绿色和可持续设计的例子表明，一些设计被称为绿色，即使它们不是可持续的。故选D。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“The driving force behind whether a building is constructed with minimal environmental impact lies with the owner of the building; that is, the perso
82、n financing the project.（建筑对环境的影响是否最小，取决于建筑的所有者；也就是为项目提供资金的人。）”可知，缺乏绿色建筑设计的原因是公司不能决定建筑是否要可持续地建造。故选C。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“In some cases, an owner may be aware of the latest trends in sustainable building design.（在某些情况下，业主可能了解可持续建筑设计的最新趋势。）”可知，调试过程并不是所有客户在建造建筑时都要经历的一个阶段。故选B。Section C 8%Directions: Read
83、 the following passage and fill in each blank with the sentence that best fits the context. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Culture Insider: ChopsticksChopsticks, or kuaizi in Chinese, are a pair of small equal-length tapered sticks, usually
84、made of wood, used for eating Asian food. It is believed that the first chopsticks were developed over 5,000 years ago in China. The earliest evidence of a pair of chopsticks made out of bronze was excavated from the Ruins of Yin near Anyang, Henan province.Chopsticks play an important role in Chine
85、se food culture._44_They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth. This is because maintaining an adequate food supply is the greatest concern between heaven and earth.Chopsticks are so frequently used in daily life that they have become
86、 more than a kind of tableware and have fostered a set of etiquette and customs of their own. _45_While the principles of chopstick etiquette arc similar in many of these places, the finer points may differ from region to region, and there is no single standard for the use of chopsticks. Generally,
87、chopsticks are not used to make noise or to draw attention, or to gesticulate._46_For example, you can buy a pair of exquisite chopsticks as a gift for your friends and relatives. In Chinese, Chopsticks reads kuaizi, which means to have sons soon, so a newly-married couple will be very happy to acce
88、pt chopsticks as their wedding gift. Skillful craftsmen paint beautiful scenery on chopsticks to make them like fine artwork. Many people love to collect these elegant utensils.It has been said that using chopsticks improves ones memory, increases finger dexterity and can be useful in learning and i
89、mproving skills such as Chinese character printing and brush painting. Many Asian superstitions revolve around chopsticks as well. For example, if you find an uneven pair of chopsticks at your table setting, it is believed that you will miss the next train, boat or plane you are trying to catch. _47
90、_.A. Without chopsticks, you cant even say you are enjoying Chinese food.B. Chinese chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long and rectangular with a blunt end.C. Also, dropping your chopsticks is a sign of bad luck.D. Today, chopsticks serve many functions besides as table ware.E. It is important t
91、o note chopsticks are used in many different parts of the world, in many different cultures.F. These chopsticks are to be returned to the dishes after one has served himself or herself.【答案】44. B 45. E 46. D 47. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了筷子的起源，作用以及象征意义。【44题详解】根据上句“Chopsticks play an important role in Ch
92、inese food culture.”（筷子在中国饮食文化中有重要作用）及下文“They are round on the eating end which symbolizes heaven, and the other end is square which symbolizes earth.”（筷子吃饭的这一头是圆的，象征天空；另一头是方的，象征地球。）可知这一段在讲筷子的形状。B. Chinese chopsticks are usually 9 to 10 inches long and rectangular with a blunt end.（筷子通常9-10厘米长，矩形，一头
93、是钝的。）由此可知B符合语境。故填B。【45题详解】由上文“Chopsticks are so frequently used in daily life that they have become more than a kind of tableware and have fostered a set of etiquette and customs of their own.”可知，筷子现在不仅是用餐工具，而且成为一种文化。E. It is important to note chopsticks are used in many different parts of the world
94、, in many different cultures.（需要注意的是，筷子在世界上许多不同的地方，在许多不同的文化中使用。）由此可知E符合语境。故填E。【46题详解】空格处在段首，是主题句。根据后文可知，这一段在举例说明筷子的作用。D. Today, chopsticks serve many functions besides as table ware.（今天，筷子除了做餐具外，还有更多的功能。）由此可知D符合语境。故填 D。【47题详解】根据上文“For example, if you find an uneven pair of chopsticks at your table s
95、etting, it is believed that you will miss the next train, boat or plane you are trying to catch”可知，在餐桌上，如果你的筷子不是一套大小一致的筷子，据说你可能会错过火车，轮船或者航班。由此可知筷子有象征意义。C. Also, dropping your chopsticks is a sign of bad luck.（筷子掉了也是一种不好的象征）。由此可知C 符合语境。故填 C 。IV. Summary Writing 10%48. Directions: Read the following p
96、assage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea of the passage and how it is illustrated. Use your own words as far as possible.As parents, we need to help children build towards future success by developing persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing t
97、hrough frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem. The ability to keep trying early in life is linked to all sorts of favorable outcomes years later.There are three main strategies for encouraging persistence in your child.The first is modeling w
98、hat persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carried out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, an
99、d repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child. It helps more if they sometimes comment: Hmm, that did not work. Let me try another way.”When you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task, praise them right then and there. Praise even th
100、e smallest signs of effort. Quickly, clearly doing this will increase the childs effort, which can, in turn, extend to other activities and situations they encounter in the future. In general, if you spot the child trying hard or harder than she usually docs and working through tasks, praise them fo
101、r what they are doing.And if you do not see this happening, and your child is not doing something a bit difficult, you do not need to wait. You can provide opportunities for persistence. That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set s
102、mall and eventually larger goals. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. However, your chosen activity should be fun or, at least, a time free of reprimands or harsh corrections.【答案】Persistence, the capability to keep making attem
103、pts in difficulty, contributes to childrens future success. To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties, praise children for trying harder than usual, and create opportunities by doing with kids together
104、a fun activity needing time and efforts, gradually encouraging childrens persistence.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，坚持，即在困难中不断尝试的能力，有助于孩子们未来的成功。要培养毅力，家长可以做毅力的榜样，不断向孩子展示自己在困难中不断努力，表扬孩子比平时更努力，和孩子一起做一个需要时间和努力的有趣的活动，创造机会，逐渐鼓励孩子的毅力。【详解】1 要点摘录As parents, we need to help children build towards future success by de
105、veloping persistence. Persistence is what drives actions such as finishing a task, pushing through frustration, putting in time and effort, or finding creative approaches to a challenging problem.The first is modeling what persistence looks like. Good modeling is more effective when planned and carr
106、ied out with a specific goal (such as developing honesty, or, yes, persistence) in mind. Parents who noticeably struggle with something that are slightly difficult at home, but continue to pursue the activity anyway, and repeat that pattern over time, may naturally foster persistence in a child.When
107、 you see your child doing this themselves and devoting special effort to a task praise them right then and there. Praise even the smallest signs of effort.That is, try to combine modeling and praise: Do anything that involves some time and effort together. Then, set small and eventually larger goals
108、. Depending on how it is going, have the child do more and more of the task while you keep him or her company. However, your chosen activity should be fun or, at least, a time free of reprimands or harsh corrections.2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句Persistence, the capability to keep making
109、attempts in difficulty, contributes to childrens future success. To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties, praise children for trying harder than usual, and create opportunities by doing with kids toge
110、ther a fun activity needing time and efforts, gradually encouraging childrens persistence.【点睛】高分句型1 Persistence, the capability to keep making attempts in difficulty, contributes to childrens future success.运用不定式作后置定语对原文第一段进行了概括。高分句型2 To help cultivate it, parents can act as models of persistence by
111、 constantly showing children their continuous efforts despite difficulties用不定式作目的状语对第三段进行了概括。V. Translation 16% (4+4+4+4)Direction: Translate the following sentences into English using the words given in brackets.49. 据报道，一些过度肥胖的人迷恋于用极端方式减肥，以至于最终都进了医院。(end up)(汉译英)【答案】It is reported that some obese p
112、eople were so obsessed with losing weight in an extreme way that they ended up in hospital.【解析】【详解】考查动词、名词、形容词、时态、语态、主谓一致和固定句型。根据汉语原文可知，该句可以用固定句型“It is reported that.”来翻译，其中it是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语，是主语从句；再根据汉语原文“一些过度肥胖的人迷恋于用极端方式减肥，以至于最终都进了医院”可知，该主语从句也应处理成主从复合句，用 “.so.that.”句型，且陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时态。主语“一些过度肥胖
113、的人”用短语“some obese people”；谓语“迷恋于”用短语 “be obsessed with.”表示，因主语是people，所以用一般过去时复数形式“were obsessed with”；宾语“用极端方式减肥”用短语“losing weight in an extreme way”表示；在that结果状语从句中谓语 “最终都进了医院”用一般过去时态，用短语“ended up in hospital”表示；最后用“It is reported that.”句型和“.so.that. ”结构连接上述成分。故翻译为：It is reported that some obese pe
114、ople were so obsessed with losing weight in an extreme way that they ended up in hospital.50. 考古学家问他科学界的朋友们这幅可以追溯到石器时代岩洞壁画是否是真迹。(date) (汉译英)【答案】The archaeologist asked his friends in the scientific community whether the cave painting dating back to the Stone Age was genuine.【解析】【详解】考查宾语从句、固定短语和时态。结合
115、句意表示“考古学家”应用单数名词archaeologist，作主语；表示“询问”应用动词ask，作谓语，此处用一般过去时；表示“科学界的朋友们”短语为friends in the scientific community；后跟whether引导的宾语从句；从句中表示“这幅可以追溯到石器时代岩洞壁画”可翻译为the cave painting dating back to the Stone Age；表示“真迹”应用形容词genuine，作表语，从句用一般过去时。故翻译为The archaeologist asked his friends in the scientific community
116、 whether the cave painting dating back to the Stone Age was genuine.51. 直到被起诉要求赔偿几百万美元，这个生产商才后悔通过做虚假承诺来宣传产品。(publicize) (汉译英)【答案】It was not until the manufacturer was sued for millions of dollars that he regretted publicizing products by making false promises. =Not until the manufacturer was sued fo
117、r millions of dollars did he regret publicizing products by making false promises.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态、强调句或倒装句。not until 直到才；millions of成百万的；regret doing sth.后悔做某事；make promises许下诺言。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。not until句型的强调结构为：It is/ was not untilthat。或者否定词not until 放在句首，主句部分用部分倒装结构。根据句意，故翻译为It was not until the manu
118、facturer was sued for millions of dollars that he regretted publicizing products by making false promises. =Not until the manufacturer was sued for millions of dollars did he regret publicizing products by making false promises.52. 这种部分由臭氧空洞造成的流行病本应受到更多重视，但澳大利亚人却并不愿意尽自己的一份力。(part) (汉译英)【答案】The epide
119、mic caused in part by ozone depletion should have been paid more attention to, but Australians are not willing/unwilling/reluctant to do their part.=More attention should have been paid to the epidemic caused partly by ozone depletion,=More importance should have been attached on .【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态、语态
120、和非谓语动词。pay attention to注意；be not willing/unwilling/reluctant to不愿意；do ones part尽自己的职责。should have done本应该做某事。逻辑主语epidemic与cause之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作定语。主语The epidemic 与pay attention to之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。陈述现在客观事实，用一般现在时。或者More attention 与动词pay之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。或者More importance 与attach之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。根据句意，故翻译为T
121、he epidemic caused in part by ozone depletion should have been paid more attention to, but Australians are not willing/unwilling/reluctant to do their part.=More attention should have been paid to the epidemic caused partly by ozone depletion,=More importance should have been attached on .Additional
122、 Part (附加题)Guided Writing: 20%53. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.近年来，全球掀起了不浪费食物运动(the No Food Waste campaign)，例如推行打包及食物共享文化，鼓励购买 临期食品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用。请谈谈你对此现象的看法。(提示词：leftovers剩饭菜nearly expired food临期食品)【答案】In recent years
123、, the No Food Waste Campaign has appeared in many countries around the world.The Campaign appeals to people to pack cup the leftovers and learn to share more food with otherswhile eating out . It encourages people to buy nearly expired food and sort out the foods in the kitchen in order to make full
124、 use of them.As far as I am concerned, its of great benefit for people to save food because food shortage is still a big problem in the world. Also，people will form a good habit of eating and develop a healthy diet ,which will have a deep influence on the young generation. From now on, I will call o
125、n more people around me to take part in the Campaign and make a contribution to the world.【解析】【分析】本篇书面是提纲式作文，要求考生就近年来，全球掀起了不浪费食物运动(the No Food Waste campaign)，例如推行打包及食物共享文化，鼓励购买 临期食品，并将厨余分类回收后加以利用，谈谈自己对此现象的看法。【详解】1.词汇积累呼吁：ask appeal to鼓励某人某事：inspire sb. to do sth. encourage people to do sth利用: use m
126、ake full use of有好处: be useful be of great benefit 2.句式拓展合并简单句原句：The Campaign appeals to people to pack cup the leftovers and learn to share more food with otherswhile eating out . It encourages people to buy nearly expired food and sort out the foods in the kitchen in order to make full use of them.
127、拓展句：The Campaign appeals to people to pack cup the leftovers and learn to share more food with otherswhile eating out , which encourages people to buy nearly expired food and sort out the foods in the kitchen in order to make full use of them.【点睛】高分句型1 As far as I am concerned, its of great benefit for people to save food because food shortage is still a big problem in the world. (运用了because引导原因状语从句)高分句型2 Also，people will form a good habit of eating and develop a healthy diet ,which will have a deep influence on the young generation. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)
