1、2013届湖北高考英语一轮复习基础知识课件：Unit3 Inventors and inventions（新人教版选修8）作佳诵 读晨 读 必 背写 作 提 升(2011重庆万州高三检测)假设你叫李华，是一名中学生。你针对目前中国吸烟者高达45%，其中多为年轻人，甚至是中学 生 的 严 峻 现 状，准 备 在 学 校 校 会 上 公 开 发 表 一 篇 题 为“Smoking is Harmful”的100词左右的英语演讲。现请用英文写出演讲稿的正文。内容要点包括：分析吸烟现状分析原因叙述吸烟害处提出建议注意：1词数100左右；2开头已给出；Dear teachers and schoolma
2、tes，My speech for today is entitled Smoking is Harmful._【经典范文】Dear_teachers_and_schoolmates，My_speech_for_today_is_entitled_Smoking_is_Harmful.When you are in public places,you will see many smokers.And most of them are young people and even middle school students.It is said that in China smokers ma
3、ke up about 45%.Why do so many people enjoy smoking?Some think it is a pleasure;some believe that it can refresh them.In fact,smoking is a bad habit.It does great harm to our health,not only to the smoker himself,but also to others.For smokers,it is a great waste of money and causes all kinds of dis
4、eases.Besides,many fires are caused by careless smokers.Today,more and more people are beginning to realize the harm of smoking and decide to give it up.In order to keep healthy,we should get rid of the bad habit of smoking.If you are not a smoker,dont start.点考锁 定明 确 目 标基 础 自 清.重点词汇1_vi.&vt.显然的差别；使有
5、所不同；辨别2_vt.抓住；捉住；夺3_n文件；档案；文件夹vt.提交；将归档4_vt.忍受；忍耐；负担5_vt.&vi.轻打；轻拍；轻敲 n(水)龙头6_adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的7_adj.实际的；实践的；实用的8_adj.宽大的；仁慈的_n宽大；仁慈9_adj.突然的；意外的_adv.突然地10 _adj.便 利 的；方 便 的；就 近 的_n方便11_n小心；谨慎_adj.小心的；谨慎的12_adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的_n天真13_vt.联想；联系n.同伴；伙伴_n联想答案1distinguish 2.seize 3.file 4.bear 5.tap 6.stable7pra
6、ctical 8.merciful；mercy 9.abrupt；abruptly10convenient；convenience 11.caution；cautious 12.innocent；innocence 13.associate；association.短语回顾1call_给打电话2_and then偶尔；有时3set_开始；着手_out(to do)开始(做)4dive_迅速把手伸入；一心投入5hang_不挂断；紧紧握住；稍等6out of_次序颠倒；发生故障7get_设法联系上(尤指打通电话)8ring_回复电话ring_挂断电话答案1 up 2.now 3.about；set
7、 4.into 5.on 6.order 7.through 8.back；off.句式填空1before是连词，在句中连接时间状语The next morning I got up early_(天还不是很热)2“only状语从句”引起的倒装_(只有)you have had that recognition_(你才能)say that you are truly an inventor.3so.that.如此以至于The criteria_(如此严格以至于)it is difficult to getnew ideas accepted unless they are truly nove
8、l.4every time“每次”引导时间状语从句_(每 次)you do,you will be certain to findsomething that you have never seen before.答案1before the sun was hot2Only after;can you3are so strict that4Every time频高考 点热 点 梳 理分 层 突 破 考点单词1distinguish vt.显示的差别；使有所不同；辨别She distinguished herself in the debate.她在辩论中口才出众。distinguish.fro
9、m 把从分辨出来distinguish oneself 显示自己；使自己扬名distinguish between right and wrong 明辨是非be distinguished as 辨别为；称之为be distinguished for/by 因而著名即境活用1 It is very important for us to_betweenright and wrong.Areject BrealizeCrangeDdistinguish解析distinguish辨别。reject 拒绝；realize 认识到；range 变化。答案D2seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺Hearin
10、g a noise,he seized his gun from the drawer.一听到声音，他马上就从抽屉里抓起枪。seize an opportunity/chance/moment抓住机会seize hold of.抓住；占领seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的胳膊即境活用2 You should_this good opportunity.AseizeBmissCbearDstand解析seize抓住。miss 错过；bear 承受；stand 忍受。答案A3bear vt.忍受；忍耐；负担I cant bear the smell of burned sausage
11、 on the barbecue.我无法忍受烧烤架上那烤糊了的香肠味。He cant bear people smoking while hes eating.他忍受不了人们在他吃饭时吸烟。bear a heavy burden负担重bear pain/hardship忍受疼痛/吃苦bear doing/to do sth.容忍做；忍受得了做某事bear sb.to do sth.容忍某人做某事【易错提示】bear表示“忍耐、忍受”时多与can/could连用，且用于否定和疑问句中。即境活用3 The ice is too thin to_your weight.AbearBstandCwea
12、rDswear解析bear承受。stand 忍受；wear 穿戴；面带；swear 发誓。答案A4associate vt.联想；联系While she was in Paris,she associated withmanywellknown artists.她在巴黎的时候结识了许多知名艺术家。These ancient tools are often found in association withbroken animal bones.这些古代工具经常是与破碎的动物骨头一起被发现的。associate.with使与联系起来；结合；合伙associate with sb.与某人为友；交往
13、be associated with与有关系in association with与联合；有关联即 境 活 用 4 Poor health is_a lack of regularexercise and a good diet.Aassociating withBinvolved withCinvolving withDassociated with解析be associated with与有关。答案D5practical adj.实际的；实践的；适用的Weve made our plans,and now we must put them intopractice.我们定好了计划，现在必须
14、把它们付诸实施。practical experience实践经验practicallyactually实际上；事实上put.into practice把付诸实施in practice在实践中out of practice(因久不练习)荒废；生疏practice doing sth.练习做即 境 活 用 5 (2012 山 西 师 大 附 中 月 考)Itsacommon_for the farmers to look down upon baby girls.AprocessBpracticeCprocedureDperformance解析practice 做法。句意：农民们轻视女婴是常见的做
15、法。process 过程；procedure 手续；performance 表演。答案B考点短语1call up 给打电话；(使)回忆起；召集(开会等)When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone,she was very upset.我给住在乡下的母亲打电话的时候，她感到很心烦。I was called up three months after the war broke out.战争爆发 3 个月后，我被征召入伍。【思维拓展】call for 需要；要求；呼吁；(去)接某人call at(火车等)停靠；拜访某
16、地call on 拜访某人call on sb.to do sth.号召/要求某人做某事call off 取消call out 大声说；召唤某人call in 叫某人进入call back 回电话；再打电话即 境 活 用 6 (2012 太 原 五 中 月 考)Goodhealth_regular exercise and a good habit of living.Acalls onBcalls forCcalls upDcalls off解析call for 需要。句意：良好的健康需要有规律的，锻炼和好的生活习惯。call on 号召；call up 使想起，打电话；call off 取
17、消。答案B2set about 开始；着手I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。We set about cleaning up the mess.我们开始把乱七八糟的东西打扫干净。【思维拓展】set out 动身；出发；陈列；摆出；安排；陈述(事实等)set out to do 开始做【易错提示】表示“开始做”时，set about后接动名词，而set out后接不定式。即境活用7 The boys stopped a
18、nd_digging holes toplant the trees.Aset offBset outCset aboutDset up解析set about doing开始干。set out 开始，后跟不定式；set up 成立；set off 出发，引起。答案C3dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入；潜心于Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the woods.偶尔离开平路，深入到林子里去。The girl dived into the swimming pool.那女孩跳入游泳池中。【思维拓展】make a dive f
19、or.扑向；猛冲即境活用8 He _the water and searched for somefish.Adived intoBjumped out ofClooked intoDput into解析dive into潜入。jump out of 跳出；look into 调查；put into 投入。答案A4out of order次序颠倒；发生故障Im sorry,but this phone is out of order.很抱歉，电话出了故障。【思维拓展】in order按顺序；整齐；状况良好keep good order保持良好秩序place an order(for)订购ord
20、er sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事order that.(should)do命令【易错提示】order之后的that从句中，谓语使用“should动词原形”，should可省略。即境活用9 The machine is_and doesnt work.Aout of orderBout of breathCout of troubleDout of pity解析out of order出故障。out of breath 气喘吁吁；out oftrouble 摆脱困境；out of pity 出于同情。答案A5get through 设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；通过；度过；结束(工作
21、)；完成(任务)I cant get through.我打不通电话。Its going to be hard to get through the next couple of days.未来这几天很难度过。【思维拓展】go through 通过；检查；经历look through 浏览；仔细查看live through 活过(一段时间)；经过后还活着即境活 用10(2012山 东 莱 州 一 中 月 考)Hardly couldTom_this amount of homework in such a short time.Aget downBget intoCget offDget thr
22、ough解析get through完成。get down 下来；get into 进入；getoff 下车。句意：汤姆在如此短的时间内几乎不能完成这么多作业。答案D6now and then偶尔；有时He is busy with his job every day and goes to the cinemanow and then.他每天忙于工作，偶尔去看看电影。【思维拓展】from time to time时而；不时；偶尔now and again时而；不时；偶尔at times时而；不时；偶尔once in a while时而；不时；偶尔up and down上下，来回here and
23、 there 到处；处处to and from 来来回回；往返day and night 夜以继日地即境活用11 Every_，John would remember thestrange dream he had had years before,but not quite often.Amore or lessBstep by stepCby and byDnow and then解析every now and then时而，有时。more or less 或多或少；step by step 逐步；by and by 逐渐。答案D7hang on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住Hang onIll
24、just see if hes here.等一下我这就看看他在不在。We all hung on as the bus swung around a sharp turn.公共汽车急转弯时，我们都紧紧抓住扶手。即境活用12 The line is busy.Would you like to_？OK.Atake onBhang onCturn onDget on解析hang on稍等，不挂断，符合句意。take on呈现；turn on打开；get on上车。答案B重点句型1The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot.第二天早上
25、，天还不是很热，我就早早地起来了。before 作连词表示时间时，根据其在句中的实际情况，译法有多种，具体可译为：(1)在之前。例如：We lived in Paris before moving to London.我们搬到伦敦之前住在巴黎。(2)(之后)才。例如：It was a long time before I got to sleep again.很长一段时间之后我才重新入睡。(3)(不多久)就。例如：It wasnt long before she came back.不久她就回来了。(4)以免。例如：Lock your bike before it gets stolen.锁好
26、你的自行车，以免被偷。(5)还没来得及就。例如：Before John stopped her,she ran out.约翰还没来得及阻止她，她就跑了出去。另外，有时before相当于rather than，可理解为“(宁愿)也不愿”。例如：Id shoot myself before I apologized to her.我宁死也不向她道歉。即境活用13(2012潍安联考)As is said，it wont be long_we participate in the 4th Huaian United Exam.AsinceBwhenCbeforeDthat解析It wont be lo
27、ng before 不久就。答案C2Prepared with some research findings,I decided onthree possible approaches.有一些研究发现作准备，我决定了三种可能的方法。Prepared with some research findings为过去分词短语作状语，相当于谓语动词为被动的状语从句，该动作和主句的主语之间存在着逻辑上的动宾关系。Although built thirty years ago,the house still looks verybeautiful.尽管这座房子是30年前建造的，但它看起来依然很漂亮。Give
28、n more time,he can do it better.如果给予他更多的时间，他会把它做得更好。Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks morebeautiful.When it is seen from the top of the hill,the parklooks more beautiful.从山顶往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。Encouraged by the progress he has made,he worksharder.As he is encouraged by the progress he has mad
29、e,heworks harder.由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。He began to cry as if bitten by a snake.He began to cry as if he was bitten by a snake.他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。即境活用14 _twice,the boy was afraid to get closeto the dog again.ABeing bittenBBittenCHaving bittenDTo be bitten解析句意：因为两次被咬，这个男孩不敢再靠近那条狗。过去分词作原因状语。主句主语the boy与bite构成
30、被动关系，排除C项；D项为动词不定式作目的状语；A项表进行；B项表示之前两次被咬，故选B。答案B3Follow it up,explore all around it,and before you know it,you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind.跟踪下去，不断探索，不知不觉中，你就会发现某种值得思考的东西占据着你的头脑。“祈使句and/or陈述句”结构中，前后为承接关系时用and 或 then；而前后是相反关系时用 or,otherwise 或 or else，这种句型可以改为 if 引导的条件状
31、语从句。Lend her a hand,and she will be grateful to you.If youlend her a hand,she will be grateful.帮她一把，她会感激的。Send an email to your parents,or they will get annoyed.Ifyou dont send an email to your parents,they will get annoyed给你的父母发个电子邮件，不然他们会生气的。即境活用15(2012江西师大附中期中考试)_onyour study，and you will make gr
32、eater progress.AConcentratingBIf you concentrateCTo concentrateDConcentrate解析祈使句and you will do结构。答案D堂课双 基紧 扣 考 点跟 踪 训 练.词义辨析1Children should be taught to _ between rightand wrong.Aaccumulate BmonitorCundertakeDdistinguish解析distinguish 分辨。accumulate 积累；monitor 控制；undertake 承担，保证。答案D2An _ change in t
33、he weather resulted in thebreakout of flu.AabruptBabsurdCoptionalDelegant解析abrupt 突然的。absurd 荒唐的；optional 可选择的；elegant 优雅的。答案A3We thought Mary would pass and John would fail,butcontrary to _ it was the other way round.AapplicationBdescriptionCexpectationDregulation解析expectation 估计，预料。application 申请，
34、应用；description 描述；regulation 规章。答案C4British Aerospace has built a scanner that _damage to the ozone(臭氧)layer.ApurchasesBmonitorsCdeclaresDaccompanies解析monitor 监视。purchase 购买；declare 宣布；accompany 陪伴。答案B5The cheque is not _ if it is not signed by thefinance director.AvalidBstableCpassiveDabrupt解析valid
35、 有效的。stable 稳定的；passive 被动的；abrupt 突然的。答案A6The _ of new scientific discoveries to industrialproduction methods usually makes jobs easier to do.AoperationBappreciationCconservationDapplication 解 析 application 应 用。operation 手 术，操 作；appreciation 感激；conservation 保护。答案D7Its _ for you to live near a depar
36、tment store.AapparentBvacantChandyDconvenient解析convenient 方便的。apparent 明显的；handy 手边的；vacant 空缺的。答案D8Television is such a means that it keeps us informedabout _ events.AoppositeBtheoreticalCcurrentDclumsy解析current 当前的。opposite 相反的；theoretical 理论上的；clumsy 笨拙的。答案C9Water can absorb and give off a lot of
37、 heat without bigchanges in temperature,thus creating a _environment.ApeacefulBsensitiveCcommonDstable解析stable 稳定的。peaceful 和平的；sensitive 敏感的；common 常见的。答案D10 When we plan our vacation,mother often offers_ suggestions.AcurrentBpracticalCeffectiveDacceptable解析practical 切实可行的。current 当前的；effective 有效的
38、；acceptable 可接受的。答案B.短语填空call up;set about;in case;hang on;out of order;dive into;get through;ring off;fill in;a matter of1We _ a coffee shop to avoid the rain.2Im sorry，but Ive to _ now.I have a train tocatch.3They have sent us another form to_.4Planning a project is just_working out theright order
39、 to do things in.5I dialed several times,but I just couldnt_.6He was overlooked when they _ choosing a newmanager.7_at your present job until you can get another.8My clock was _ and woke me up at 3 thismorning.9The smell of the sea _ happy memories of myyouth.10 Youd better write the telephone numbe
40、r down_you forget.答案1dived into 2.ring off 3.fill in 4.a matter of 5.getthrough 6.set about 7.Hang on 8.out of order 9.called up 10.in case.单词拼写1Can you _(辨别)the twins who look so alike?2Would it be _(便利)for you to pick me up at 2pm.and take me to the railway station?3I let my parents down.In other
41、words,I didnt live upto their _(期望)of me.4When the couple turned forty,they were laid off.Withno _(稳定的)income they found they were really badlyoff and could hardly make ends meet.5My father always comes up with a _(实际的)solution to my problem.Every time I take his advice,I will solvemy problem.6The t
42、rain came to an _(突然的)stop，makingmany passengers fall off their seats.7 Shelikesinventionsandshehasappliedfora_(专利)8The workman cleared up the _(脏乱的东西)before he left.9_(抓住)the chance,otherwise you will regret it.10Do the brides parents have to_(承担)the costof the wedding?答案1 distinguish 2.convenient 3.expectation 4.stable 5.practical 6.abrupt 7.patent 8.mess 9.Seize 10.bear
