1、Module 6 The Internet and TelecommunicationsGrammar语法精讲思维构建合成词和冠词【语法感知】观察上面对话,尝试完成下面几个小题。1.阅读句子,写出黑体部分的词义。Hard-working people are more likely to succeed.()The New York Times is a popular daily newspaper.()2.根据语境,填入恰当的冠词。_ Internet is _ biggest source of information in _ world,and its accessible thro
2、ugh _ computer.And as we all know,Berners-Lee built his first computer,using _old television.努力工作的,勤奋的报纸Thethetheaan【语法精讲】.合成词 把两个或者两个以上的词合成一个新词,这种构词法叫做合成构词法。常见的合成词有合成名词、合成形容词和合成动词等。本模块重点讲解合成名词和合成形容词。一、合成名词1.构成方式根据合成名词是否连写可分成以下几类:两部分连写:keyboard,network,newspaper,blackboard两部分用连字符连接:warm-up由两个单词组成:co
3、mputer system,search engine,mobile phone2.合成名词可以由名词、动词、副词、形容词及介/副词等组合而成名词+名词 schoolgirl 女(学)生名词+动名词handwriting 书法动名词+名词dining room餐厅动词+介词take off 起飞形容词+名词blueprint蓝图介词+名词onlooker旁观者副词+动词outcome结果3.合成名词变复数的几点规律(1)以不可数名词结尾的合成名词无复数形式。例如:homework(2)以man或woman为前缀的名词变复数时,前后两个名词都变成复数。例如:woman doctorwomen d
4、octors(3)以两个名词构成的合成名词(前面的名词为man或woman除外),一般把后面的名词变复数。例如:boyfriendboyfriends(4)以“可数名词+介词(短语)”构成的合成名词变复数时,把前面的名词变复数。例如:father-in-lawfathers-in-law(5)以“动词原形/过去分词+副词”构成的合成名词变复数时,在词尾加s。例如:grown-upgrown-ups二、合成形容词根据词性的组合,合成形容词的基本构成方式如下:1.名词+形容词:color-blind色盲的2.名词+现在分词:peace-loving 爱好和平的;English-speaking 说
5、英语的3.名词+过去分词:heart-broken心碎的4.形容词+名词:long-distance远的;large-scale大规模的5.形容词+形容词:dark-blue深蓝的;light-green浅绿的6.形容词+过去分词:new-born新生的7.形容词+现在分词:good-looking好看的8.副词+现在分词:hard-working工作努力的,勤劳的9.副词+过去分词:well-known著名的10.数词+名词:first-class一流的;second-hand二手的11.数词+过去分词:a three-legged table 一张三条腿的桌子【即学活用】(1)把下列合成名
6、词翻译成汉语。snowfall _highway _horse-riding _waiting room_daughter-in-law_降雪公路骑马候车室/等候室儿媳(2)用合成形容词完成句子。Thats a _(10米长的)stone bridge.They decided to have another _(造纸的)factory set up in this town.Our English teacher is a _(热心的),honest and strict man.ten-metre-longpaper-makingwarm-hearted.冠 词 冠词是加在名词前面的一个辅
7、助词,有限定名词的作用。冠词分为不定冠词和定冠词。一、不定冠词的几种重要用法1.表示泛指。不定冠词表示泛指,既可指同类中的任何一个(与 any 同义),也可指同类中的某一个。*I met an old man at the gate.我在门口遇到一位老人。2.表示数量“一”。不定冠词可以表示数量“一”,但其数的概念不如one 强烈。*Give me an apple.给我一个苹果。*Give me one apple.给我一个苹果。3.表示“相同的”。与 the same 同义,尤其与介词 of 一起使用。*The children are all of an age.这些孩子都是同龄的。4.
8、表示“每一个”。与 every,each,per 同义,尤其用于表示价格、速度、频率等。*I visit my grandmother once a month.我每月看望我奶奶一次。5.表示“某一”。*A Mr Brown wishes to see you.一位布朗先生想见你。6.表示“再一,又一”时,在序数词前加不定冠词。*I have been to Qingdao twice,but I want to go there a third time.我去过青岛两次,但我想再去一次。7.用于固定词组或短语中。*In a word,everything is going well.总之,一
9、切都很顺利。*As a result,his performance was beyond our expectation.结果,他的表现出乎我们的意料。8.一日三餐名词前如果有形容词修饰,也可用不定冠词。*I had a wonderful supper yesterday.昨天我吃了一顿很棒的晚餐。9.用于某些抽象名词的具体化,表示具体的人或事物。这样的名词有:understanding,surprise,pleasure,honour,share,success,failure等。*Its a pleasure for me to work with you.和你一起工作,我非常高兴。1
10、0.用在物质名词前表示“一阵/份/场/种”等。*There was a breeze blowing.一阵微风吹过。【即学活用】(1)用不定冠词填空。There is _“m”in the word“cream”.Its _ honour for me to give you a lecture here._ Mr Wang came to see you this morning.The man can run 20 kilometers _ hour.As _ result,some plants have been dead.ananAana(2)完成句子The work is so t
11、iring.Lets _(休息一会儿).The medicine should be taken _(一天三次).Can you give me _(再一次机会),please?have a restthree times a daya second chance二、定冠词的基本用法1.特指某(些)人或某(些)物。*Beijing is the capital of China.北京是中国的首都。2.指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。*Open the window please.请把窗户打开。3.指上文已经提到的人或事物。*There was a chair by the window.On th
12、e chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms.窗户附近有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻的妇女,怀里抱着一个婴儿。4.指世界上独一无二的事物。*Which is the biggest,the sun,the earth or the moon?太阳、地球和月亮哪一个最大?5.用在序数词、形容词最高级前。*The first truck is carrying a few baskets.第一辆卡车装着一些篮子。6.用在某些形容词前,表示某一类人。*They buried the dead and took the wounded to the
13、 hospital at once.他们掩埋了死者,并把受伤的人立刻送去了医院。7.用在单数可数名词前,表示类别。*The panda is in danger of becoming extinct.熊猫正面临灭绝的危险。8.在含有普通名词的专有名词(国名、组织机构名、建筑物名等)前。*The United States is a developed country.美国是一个发达国家。9.用在演奏时的西洋乐器前。*He got much pleasure from playing the piano/violin.他从演奏钢琴/小提琴中获得了很多乐趣。10.用在表示方位或某天的一部分等的名
14、词前。*This kind of plant can be grown in the east/south/west/north.这种植物可以生长在东部/南部/西部/北部。*I used to tidy up my papers in the morning/afternoon/evening.我过去常常在早上/下午/晚上整理我的文件。【即学活用】用适当的冠词填空。(1)In _ United States,Fathers Day falls on _ third Sunday in June.(2)After having _ good breakfast,he went to play _
15、 piano.(3)_ parents were shocked by _ news that their son needed _ operation on his knee.(4)I bought _ book yesterday.And I lent _ book to Mary this morning.(5)It is a pleasure to see _ sun rising in _ east.(6)I have two dogs._ black one is two years old and _ yellow one is three years old.thetheath
16、eThetheanathethetheThethe三、不用冠词的常见情况1.复数名词前不用冠词,表示类别。*Horses are useful animals.马是有用的动物。2.物质名词、抽象名词、不可数名词前不用冠词,表示泛指。*Water is colourless.水是无色的。3.在星期、月份、季节、节日前。*Today is Teachers Day.今天是教师节。4.在学科名称、三餐和球类运动名称前。*I think Chinese is more popular than any other subject.我认为汉语比其他任何学科更受欢迎。5.表示头衔、职位等名词作表语或同位语
17、时不用冠词。*He was elected monitor of our class.他被选为我们班的班长。6.school,college,university,class,bed,hospital,prison,church等名词与介词连用,表抽象概念时,一般不用冠词。*It is time that you went to school.你该上学了。【即学活用】(1)We had a good time on _.我们在圣诞节那天玩得很愉快。(2)John is _.约翰是足球队的队长。Christmas daycaptain of the football team学情诊断课堂测评.单
18、句改错1.Breakdancing has been proposed for inclusion in Paris 2024 Olympic Games.()2.(2018全国卷)An average number of electronic devices rose from four per household in 1992 to 13 in 2007.()3.(2018全国卷)As the kid,I loved to watch cartoons,but no matter how many times I asked to watch them,my parents would
19、not let me.()4.(2018全国卷)Its not really the good idea to use too many small color pieces.()Paris前加theAnThetheathea5.(2018全国卷)A best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do.()6.Go on and you will see a 20-meters-long bridge.()7.The US and Australia are both English-spoken countries.()8.Lang Lang be
20、gan to play piano at the age of five.()9.My mother is telling me an old story,but it is the interesting story.()10.It is a great fun to ride in the country with my friends.()AThe20-meters-long20-meter-longEnglish-spokenEnglish-speaking在piano前加thethean去掉great前的a.完成句子1.(2018全国卷)Everybody can buy _,but
21、 sometimes were not aware how cheaply we can make this food ourselves.每个人都可以买外卖食品,但是有时我们意识不到我们自己做这种食物有多便宜。2.(2018全国卷)They travelled over _ _ and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.他们越过大雪覆盖的山峰,渡过几百英里的冰河。takeaway foodsnow-covered mountains3.(2018全国卷)Wang Shu,a _Chinese architect,won the 2012 Pritz
22、ker Architecture Prize on February 28.王澍,一位49岁的中国建筑师,在2月28日获得了2012年的普利兹克建筑奖。4.Reading is _.Stick to it and you will make progress.阅读是一个好的习惯。坚持下去你就会取得进步。5.In order to find _,he decided to study a second foreign language.为了找到一个更好的工作,他决定再学一门外语。6.Although it is _,the little boy likes it very much.尽管这只狗只
23、有一只眼,这个小男孩还是很喜欢它。49-year-olda good habita better joba one-eyed dog7.My brother is really _.He often works in his office far into the night.我弟弟真的很努力。他常常在办公室工作到深夜。8.Many students signed up for _in the sports meeting.很多学生报名参加运动会上800米的跑步比赛。hard-workingthe 800-meter-long race根据提示翻译下列语段。你问我如何使用网络工具学习英语(动词
24、不定式作宾语和状语)。我向你推荐沪江英语网站(合成词)。首先(固定短语),该网站(冠词和合成词)包含了丰富的材料,可以让你学习和笑(非限制性定语从句和make加复合宾语)。此外,它服务于不同群体的各种需求,你总是可以找到你需要的材料(冠词和定语从句)。高质量的(合成词)博客也会给你留下深刻印象(固定短语)。我希望你能从这个网站(合成词)中受益(动词短语)。You asked for my opinion on how to use Internet tools to study English.I recommend Hujiang English website to you.To begin with,the website contains rich materials,which can make you learn and laugh.Besides,it serves various needs of different groups and you can always find the materials you need.Youll also be impressed by its high-quality blogs.I hope you can benefit from this website.
