1、专题07 名词性从句易错点1 主语从句中连接词的误用 【2018天津】The gold medal will be awarded _to wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B. whereverC. whoever D. whatever 【错因分析】主语从句中，有些学生容易分不清连接词在从句中所作的成分或其意义而误选其他答案。 【正确答案】C 作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导：1. 从属连词that，whether，if等；2. 连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever
2、，whom 等；3. 连接副词how，when，where，why 等。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义，又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。What caused the accident is a complete mystery. 是什么导致该事故完全是个谜。Whoever comes to the party will receive a present. 所有参加晚会的人都将收到一份礼物。【特别注意】有时候会用it作形式主语，连接词引导的从句才是真正的主语。 1. (2016北京)Your support is important to
3、 our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. WhoeverC. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C 【解析】helps是谓语，_ you can do是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示任何事情，因此用whatever引导，故选C。2. matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.WhatB.WhyC.WhereD.Which【答案】A 【解析】本题考查主语从句，从句中缺少主语，表示的东西，所以A项正确。3.It doesnt matter _ yo
4、u pay by cash or credit card in this store. A. how B. whetherC. whatD. why【答案】B 易错点2 宾语从句中连接词的误用 (2017天津) She asked me _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what 【错因分析】学生容易对从句中所缺成分或连接词的意义分析有误而误选其他答案。【试题解析】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。A.
5、什么时候；B. 在哪里；C. 是否；D. 什么。根据句意，故选C。【正确答案】C 【名师点睛】本题是对宾语从句中连词的考查。对于宾语从句的连词的选择，首先确定连词的词义，然后根据句意判断出正确的连词，本句的句意很明显，确定为是否。 在句子中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句、表语从句的连接词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词、介词及非谓语动词的宾语。复习宾语从句应着重注意以下两点：1. 在宾语从句中，引导词whether和if基本一样，但介词后的宾语从句多用whether。It all depends upon whether we can get their coope
6、ration. 这完全取决于我们是否能取得他们的合作。2. 动词doubt若用于肯定句，其后的宾语从句常用if/whether引导；若用于否定句或疑问句，则宾语从句用that引导。I doubt if/whether our football team will win the match. 我怀疑我们这支足球队是否会赢得比赛。I dont doubt that hell succeed. 我不怀疑他会成功。 The seaside here draws a lot of tourists every summer. Warm sunshine and soft sands make it i
7、s.A. whatB. whichC. howD. where【答案】A 易错点3 表语从句中连接词的误用 【2018江苏】By boat is the only way to get here, which is _ we arrived. A. where B. whenC. why D. how 【错因分析】本题学生容易误认为所填词引导的是其他从句，或者对从句中所缺成分分析错误而误选B。【正确答案】D【试题解析】句意：乘船是到达这里唯一的途径，这就是我们如何到达的。分析which引导的非限定性定语从句可知，后面为表语从句。分析句意可知，这里用连接副词how引导表语从句，充当方式状语，表示
8、“如何”。故选D。 在复合句中，位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于系动词后，有时用as if，as though引导。其基本结构为：主语+系动词+ that从句。1. that 引导表语从句，无词义，只起连接作用，不可省。2. 系动词可以是be, look, seem, sound, appear等。3. 主语可以是名词fact, truth, cause, question, explanation, trouble, assumption, belief等，或者代词this, that, these, those, it等
9、。 The two people speak different languages and can not communicate with each other well.Oh, I see. Thats _ misunderstanding occurs.A. when B. what C. which D. why 【答案】D易错点4 同位语从句中连接词的误用 The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief _ you are better than anyone else on the spor
10、ts field.A. how B. thatC. which D. whether 【错因分析】考生容易因对中心词和引导词在从句中所作成分分析不清而误选其他答案。 【正确答案】 B 同位语从句是名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,介宾从句）中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词（短语）的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词（短语）加以补充说明或进一步解释。一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won. 我听到了我们队获胜的消息。二
11、、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility等（一般的抽象名词均可）。Ive come from Mr wang with a message that he wont be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通常有连词that，whether，连接代词what，who，连接副词how，when，where等。He m
12、ust answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开，即构成分隔式同位语从句。The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the cit. 他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。【特别注意】1. 引导同位语从句的that不能省略。The idea that you can do this work well without thinking is quite wrong. 你认为不动脑
13、筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的。（that从句作idea的同位语）2. 在某些名词（如demand,wish,suggestion,resolution等）后面的同位语从句要用虚拟语气。There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。3. 引导同位语从句的连词that通常不省略，但在非正式文体中也可以省去。He gabbed his suitcase and gave the impression he was boarding the Tokyo plane. 他拿起了手提箱
14、，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。4. whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句，which也不引导同位语从句。The question whether we should call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor. 我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。 The notice came around two in the afternoon the meeting would be postponed.A. when B. that C. whether D. how 【答案】B易错点5 连接代词与连接副词的
15、误用 (2015四川)The exhibition tells us _ we should do something to stop air pollution.A. where B. why C. what D. which 【错因分析】考生容易记不清连接代词和连接副词的用法而错选答案。【试题解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句中不缺少主语、宾语、定语，故选项C、D错误。句意：这个展览告诉了我们，我们为什么要停止空气污染。此处表示的是我们为什么要停止空气污染，而不是我们在哪儿停止空气污染，若选连接代词what，则从句中的something应该去掉。故选择B。【正确答案】B 解答名词性从句的一个关键
16、点是判断选用何种连接词，这要看连接词在从句中所作的成分：通常连接代词在从句中作主语(what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever)、表语(what, which, who, whatever, whichever, whoever)、定语(what, which, whose)和宾语(which, what, whom, whichever, whatever, whomever)，而连接副词(when, where, how, why)通常作相应的状语。when作时间状语，where作地点状语，how作方式状语，why作原因状语。 Could
17、I speak to is in charge of International Sales, please?A. anyoneB. someoneC. whoeverD. no matter who 【答案】C【名师点睛】疑问词+ever与no matter+疑问词的区别：疑问词+ever可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句；no matter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句，不能用于引导名词性从句。易错点6 名词性从句与其他结构判断错误 (2017天津) It was when I got back to my apartment _ I first came across my new n
18、eighbors.A. who B. where C. which D. that 【错因分析】考生容易分不清句子结构，而误认为名词性从句是其他结构或从句，从而错选答案。【试题解析】句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我第一次遇见了我的新邻居。本句中去掉It was 和空格，句意完整，所以本句是强调句型，强调的是时间状语，应用that。故选D。【正确答案】D 1. that引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)从句所修饰词的不同：同位语从句所修饰的词通常是少数一些表示抽象意义的名词，如belief, doubt, fact, hope, idea, news, possibility, though
19、t, order, suggestion, wish, answer, information, conclusion, decision, discovery, knowledge, law, opinion, problem, promise, proof, question, report, truth, risk 等。定语从句的先行词可以指人、物等。(2)连接词的作用不同：引导同位语从句的that只起连接作用，不在从句中担任任何句子成分。whether 和 how 可以引导同位语从句，但不能引导定语从句。定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)；而同位语从
20、句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。(3)从句的作用不同：定语从句具有形容词或副词的特点，对先行词起修饰、限定作用，描述先行词的性质或特征，与先行词之间是所属关系。同位语从句具有名词的特点，对中心词作进一步补充、解释，是中心词的具体内容。The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。 (同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息；that不可代替，一般不省略) The news that had spread all over the world made the m
21、an famous.那个已经传遍全世界的消息使得那个人出名了。(定语从句, news在从句中作had spread的主语；引导定语从句时，that很多时候可以用which / who/whom等来代替，作宾语时可省略) 2. that引导的同位语从句与强调句型的区别that引导的同位语从句用于进一步解释说明中心名词的内容，从句本身是一个非常完整的句子，that起引导作用，在从句中可能不作成分，也可能作一定成分，去掉that后句子不完整；而强调句型是一个句型结构，去掉强调句型的基本框架It isthat后，句子仍然完整，that是用于强调除人之外的部分(主语、宾语、状语)。 指出下列句子的类型，
22、并写出先行词/中心词、连词及连词在从句中的功能1. The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.句子类型：_ 先行词/中心词：_连词：_连词功能：_ 2. The news that Mr. Brown will be our new English teacher is true. 句子类型：_ 先行词/中心词：_连词：_连词功能：_【答案】句子类型：同位语从句先行词/中心词：The news连词：that连词功能：仅起连接作用3. The news that he told me yesterday is true. 句子类型：_ 先行
23、词/中心词：_连词：_连词功能：_【答案】句子类型：定语从句先行词/中心词：The news连词：that连词功能：起连接作用，并在从句中作宾语 1 主语从句一、主语从句的概念与连接词作主语的从句叫主语从句，它是名词性从句之一。引导主语从句的连接词有：1. 从属连词that，whether。That they were true sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们的确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。Whether hell come here isnt clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。2. 连接
24、代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever。What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。3. 连接副词 where, when, how, why。How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。How and why he suddenly disappeared remains a mystery. 他怎么又为什么突然消失仍然是个迷。【特别注意
25、】连词that引导的主语从句，通常用形式主语it代替主语从句。连接代词(副词)引导的主语从句，可以用形式主语it代替主语从句，也可直接放在句首使用主语从句。主语从句通常都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，而把从句放在后面。这样就构成了下面一些常用句型：(1)It is + n. / adj. +从句It is a pity/shame that. 遗憾的是It is possible that. 很可能It is unlikely that. 不可能It is a pity that she has made such a mistake. 她犯了这样一个
26、错误，真是遗憾。(2)It +不及物动词+从句It seems/appears that. 似乎It happened that. 碰巧It seems that they have won the game. 似乎他们赢得了比赛。(3)It + be +过去分词+从句It is said that. 据说It is known to all that. 众所周知It is reported that. 据报道It is believed that. 据信；人们相信It is suggested that. 有人建议It must be pointed out that. 必须指出It has
27、 been proved that. 已证明It is believed that at least 20 buildings were damaged or destroyed. 据信，至少有二十座楼房遭到破坏或彻底毁掉。It is suggested that the meeting should be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。Its reported that three people were killed in the accident and five were hurt badly. 据报道，事故中三人丧生，五人重伤。It is known to all that
28、 Taiwan is an inseparable part of China. 众所周知，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。二、主语从句三要素1. 从句用陈述语序How he became a great scientist is known to us all. 众所周知他是如何成为一名伟大的科学家的。2. 谓语动词一般用单数。当主语是从句时，主句谓语一般用单数。Whatever he says is of no importance. 无论他说什么都不重要。Whoever says that is wrong. 无论谁说这话都不对。【特别提醒】但谓语动词用单数还是复数，不可一概而论，而要视句子
29、的意义而定。What I need is money. 我需要的是钱。What I need are books. 我需要的是书。3. 通常不能省略关联词That he is the best student in the class is obvious. 很明显，他是班里最好的学生。三、学习主语从句应该注意的几个问题1. 引导词that与whatwhat既有引导主语从句的作用，同时又在从句中作句子成分(主语、宾语、表语等)。这时what相当于all that/everything that.，常译成所的(东西、事情、话等)；而that只起连接作用，本身无实际意义，在从句中也不担当任何句子成
30、分。但that引导的主语从句放在句首时，不能省略that。What is done cant be undone. 已成定局，无可挽回。What we cant get seems better than what we have. 我们得不到的东西似乎比已得到的要好。That we should work out a plan to deal with the present serious situation is important. 我们应该制订一个计划来应付目前严峻的形势，这一点非常重要。That a new teacher will come to teach us geograp
31、hy is true. 一位新老师将来教我们地理，这是真的。2. 引导词if和whether(1)whether之后可以直接跟or not，而if 则不能。I dont care whether or not your car breaks down. 我不知道你的车是不是坏了。但是不可以说：I dont care if or not your car breaks down.(2)whether引导的从句一般不可以为否定结构(选择问句的后一部分除外)；而if则可以跟否定结构。I dont care if she doesnt come. 我不在乎她来不来。 但是，在某些动词或形容词之后，则可
32、以用whether引导一个否定结构的句子，这种结构往往表示肯定的含义。I wonder whether he doesnt think too much of himself.=I think he does think too much of himself. 我想他没有为自己考虑太多。(3)在个别动词之后，如discuss 等，只跟用whether引导的宾语从句。They discussed whether they should close the shop. 他们讨论是否应该关掉商店。 (4)whether 可以引导从句作介词的宾语，而if则不能。Im not interested i
33、n whether theyll go or not. 我对他们会不会去不感兴趣。(5)whether可以直接跟动词不定式连用，而if则不能。I didnt know whether to laugh or to cry. 我不知道是要笑还是哭。(6)引导主语从句(包括从句在句首的位置)应当用whether，不用if。Whether it is true remains a problem. 这是不是真的还是一个问题。3. 其他引导词连接代词who, which, whom, whose有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当语、宾语、表语、定语等；连接副词when, where, why,
34、how等有各自的意义，起连接作用，并在从句中充当状语。三、语气在It is necessary / natural / important / strange.+ that-clause这类句型里，that所引导的主语从句中谓语动词用should +原形，表虚拟语气。It is necessary that the problem should be settled at once. 这个问题必须马上解决。Its strange that he should have gone away without telling us. 他竟然没向我们说一声就走了，真是奇怪。四、以it作形式主语的主语从
35、句与强调句型的区别 It be + adj./n. + that-clause与强调句型均有It be.that.之类的语言标志，但不同的是：(1)前者中的that从句是主语从句。若删掉其中的It be和that，则剩余部分不论结构还是语意都不能成为一个句子；但若将后者中的It be和that去掉，则剩余部分的结构和语意仍能构成一个完整的句子。(2)强调句型译为汉语时可加上正是或就是之类的字眼，而主语从句则不可以。请比较下面两个句子：It is surprising that Mary should have won first place. 令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。It is Ma
36、ry that has won first place. 正是玛莉得了第一名。 第一句话中的It是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，句中的It is和that无法删除，一旦删除，句子就不成立；第二句是强调句型，其中的It is和that可以去掉，因为没有It is和that句子仍然完整。2 宾语从句一、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中起宾语的作用，既可作动词的宾语，也可作介词的宾语(作介词的宾语时必须由wh-疑问词引导)。引导宾语从句的连词有that，if，whether；连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why。从句引导词的使用：
37、1. 连词that(引导从句，但是在从句中不作成分，that常可省略)He knows that Jim will work hard. 他知道吉姆会努力工作的。2. 连词if, whether(表示是否，引导从句，但是在从句中不作成分)【特别提醒】whether和if都有是否的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后、不定式之前、与or not连用、在句首或在引导表语从句同位语从句时，只能用whether。I want to know if/whether the news is true. 我想知道这个消息是不是真的。He doesnt know whether to stay or n
38、ot. 他不知道改不该留下来。【名师点睛】动词 doubt 用在疑问句或否定句中时，其后宾语从句常用 that 作连接词；用在肯定句中时，连接词用 whether 或 if 皆可，而不用 that。Do you doubt that he will win? 你怀疑他会赢吗？I dont doubt that your proposition is wrong. 我不怀疑你的提议是错的。He doubts whether/if I know it. 他怀疑我是否知道这件事。3. 连接代词who, whom, which等Do you know who (whom) they are waiti
39、ng for? 你知道他们在等谁吗？Do you know which dress fits her best? 你知道哪件连衣裙最适合她吗？4. 连接副词when, where, how, whyCould you tell me how we can get to the station? 你能告诉我我们怎样才能去车站吗？学习宾语从句要把握三个要点：连接词、语序和时态。1. 使用宾语从句，连接词的选择至关重要。有关连接词的选择可遵循以下规则：(1)如果宾语从句为陈述句，连接词用that。that本身既没有实际意思，也不在从句中作成分，所以口语中常省略。I hope (that) you w
40、ill write to me as soon as possible. 我希望你尽快给我写信。(2)宾语从句为一般疑问句时，连接词用if或whether，可译为是否。He asked me if(whether) I would go to Beijing by air. 他问我是否乘飞机去北京。(3)宾语从句为特殊疑问句时，连接词用原疑问词。He didnt know how he could get across the river. 我不知道他是怎么过了河的。2. 从句的语序无论原句是陈述句、一般疑问句，还是特殊疑问句，在宾语从句中一律使用陈述语序。The teacher asked
41、if you had finished your homework. 老师问你是否做完作业了。Can you tell us when the sports meeting will begin? 你能告诉我们运动会何时举行吗？3. 时态的选择(1)如果主句是一般现在时，宾语从句可以是任何所需要的时态。I hear a new restaurant will be opened in the city next month. 我听说这个城市下个月将开一个新饭店。(2)如果主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要用与其相应的过去的某种时态。She told us she had borrowed the b
42、ook from the library. 她告诉我们她从图书馆借的这本书。He never told me when he would leave. 他从未告诉我他何时离开。【特别注意】当宾语从句表示的是一个真理或一个永久性的事实时，其时态可不受主句时态的限制，仍用一般现在时。The teacher said millions of other stars are even bigger and brighter than the sun. 老师说数百万行星都比太阳更大、更亮。3 表语从句表语从句在复合句中作句子的表语，通常用在连系动词be，look，seem后。引导表语从句的连词有that
43、，as if，as though，whether；连接代词who，what，which；连接副词when，where，how，why等。需要注意的是表语从句也要用陈述语序。1. 从属连词that(一般不省略为好)，whether(不用if)，as if(though)等引导的表语从句。The reason (why) she hasnt come is that (此处不可用because) she has to take her mother to a hospital. 她没来是因为她必须送母亲去医院。2. 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose等引导的表语从句
44、。This is what I want to say. 这就是我想说的。3. 连接副词when, where, how, why等引导的表语从句。This is how we overcome the difficulties. 这就是我们克服困难的方法。 The question is where we shall have the sports meeting. 问题是我们在哪里开运动会。It looked as if he had lost something. 看起来他好像丢失了什么东西。His trouble is how he can get the help he needs.
45、 他的麻烦是如何得到所需要的帮助。His car broke down on the way. Thats why he is late. 他的车坏了，那就是他迟到的原因。 4 同位语从句一、定义在复合句中作名词的同位语的从句叫同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在某些抽象名词的后面，用以解释或说明名词所表示的具体内容。二、同位语从句的引导词功能例词从属连词只起连接作用，不充当从句中的任何成分。that, whether连接代词既起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分(主语、宾语、表语或定语)。who, what, whose, which, whoever, whatever, whichever连接副词既
46、起连接作用，又在从句中担任成分(状语)。when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, howeverThe idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 很多人对于电脑能够识别人的声音感到非常吃惊。The question who should go abroad required consideration.谁出国这个问题还要考虑。Ive got a pretty good idea why they quarrel every day.我很了解他们为什么天天
47、吵架。There is no doubt that the prices of computers will go down. 毫无疑问电脑的价格会下降。They usually write exact instructions how the music is to be played.他们通常还要为如何演奏他们的音乐而写出精确的说明。I have no idea which one is the best. 我不知道哪一个最好。The question where we should have the sports meeting has not been discussed.还没有决定好
48、我们在哪里召开会议。【特别注意】1. 如同位语从句意义、结构完整，应用that引导同位语从句。(即that不充当任何成分，只起连接作用)2. 如同位语从句意义不完整，结构完整，需增加是否的含义，应用whether引导同位语从句。(if不能引导同位语从句)。3. 如同位语从句意义不完整，需增加什么时候、什么地点、什么方式等含义，应用连接副词when, where, how等引导同位语从句。4. 为了保持句子平衡，同位语从句和名词有时候会被别的词分隔开。5. 若被同位语说明的名词是表示建议(如advice, suggestion, proposal)、要求(如demand, request, re
49、quirement)、命令(如order)时，同位语从句中的谓语用should+动词原型。He made the suggestion that we (should) start at once. 他建议我们立即开始做。Soon we received the order that we (should )stop fighting at once. 不久我们接到命令说立刻停止争斗。【拓展延伸】1. whether可以引导同位语从句，if不能。I have no idea whether they will give us enough help. 我不知道他们能否给我们足够的帮助。2.wh
50、at在同位语从句中要作主语或宾语等成分，that不作成分。I have no idea what he will give me. 我不知道他要给我什么。3. advice, suggestion, proposal, request, requirement, decision, order等表示命令、建议和要求的词后的同位语从句的谓语用should+do，should可以省略。The commander gave an order that the troops (should) advance 10 miles. 司令官下达命令让军队前进10英里。4.名词doubt(怀疑)后的同位语从句
51、用whether 引导；no doubt(不怀疑)后的同位语从句用that 引导。We have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time. 我们怀疑他们是否能按时完成任务。We have no doubt that they can complete the task on time. 我们毫不怀疑他们能按时完成任务。【技巧点拨】名词性从句中连词的选择往往是测试的热点。考生若不认真分析，没有一定的方法，常常造成判断上的失误，最终错选了连词。如果考生能采取一分二划三看三步法对试题加以分析，则会收到良效。 一、 一分即分清从句类型
52、四种从句：主语从句从句位于动词前作主语；宾语从句从句位于动词后作宾语；表语从句从句位于系动词之后作表语；同位语从句从句位于特殊的名词，如idea,fact,news 等后补充说明前面的名词。二、 二划即划分出从句用括号表示从句(主语从句/宾语从句/表语从句/同位语从句)三、 三看即看从句句意是否完整1. 句意不完整缺连接代词人who,whoever主语；whom,whomever宾语；物what,whatever主语、宾语；which,whichever主语、宾语。2. 句意完整缺连接副词时间when；地点where,wherever；原因why；方式how。3. 缺不作成份的连词 有含义if
53、, wherther是否；无含义that。【巧学妙记】主语从句口诀主语从句来学习，连、代、副词为语序；whether、that 要熟记，连词if要除外；连接代词也好记，what、who、which要用对，主宾成分要熟记；连接副词更好背，how、why、when、where 一起记，用作状语需翻译。宾语从句口诀口诀1：宾语从句三注意，时态、语序、连接词；主句一般现在时，从句时态随句意；主句若是过去时，主从时态要一致；宾从表达是真理，一般现在带过去；连接词也不难，陈述要用that连；一般问句表是否，if/whether来引导；特殊问句作宾从，疑问词引导就能行；还有一点要说明，陈述语序要记清；主句动
54、词猜想词，否定转移莫忘记；特殊用法记心间，学好宾从不一般。口诀2：宾语从句多方面，多看多记多训练；陈用that特词连，if一般to祈现；do去助词主后边，一主二宾三不变；疑to变简否疑前，时态呼应是关键。表语从句口诀表语从句来学习，三个连词特殊记；as if、whether、that 同一类，不作成分不省去；连词if还除外，三个连代是一类；who 和 what 与 which ，仍作主宾需熟记；四个连副一次背，how、why、when、where 相同记，用作状语陈述序。同位语从句口诀whether、that很简单，不能省去不能换，连代有无不用管，how, when, where只有三，用作状
55、语需要翻。 高考真题题组一 主语从句1. (2017北京) Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【答案】B 2. (2016江苏)It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. whyB. whatC. asD. that【答案】D【解析】本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是
56、连接词that引导的从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分，只是一个引导词，不能省略。连接副词why要在从句中作状语，连接代词what通常在从句中作主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人来说一切皆有可能。故D正确。3. (2015北京) _we understand things has a lot to do with what we feel.A. Where B. How C. Why D. When【答案】B【解析】句意：我们如何理解事情与我们所感受的有很大关系。根据句意可知，主语从句缺少方式状语，因此选择how。故选B。4. (2015大纲全国卷
57、)Exactly_ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.A. whether B. whyC. when D. how【答案】C【解析】句意：准确地说土豆是什么时候被传到欧洲的还不确定，但是可能在1565年左右。此处when引导主语从句，并在从句中作时间状语。5. (2015陕西) _ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.A. Why B. When C. That D. Wha
58、t【答案】B 题组二 宾语从句I. 单项填空1. (2017北京) Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not knowing _she was heading.A. why B. where C. how D. when【答案】B【解析】A. why 为什么；B. where 在哪儿；C. how 如何；D. when什么时候。句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁树木成行的街道上，不知道她将去往何方。根据语境可知此处是表地点的，很容易就可选出答案B。2. (2017江苏) We choose this hotel because th
59、e price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【解析】考查同位语和宾语从句。half of _ it used to charge是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20；另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。3. (2015湖南)You have to know _ youre going if you
60、 are to plan the best way of getting there. A. whatB. thatC. whereD. who【答案】C 4. (2015北京)I truly believe _ beauty comes from within.A. that B. where C. what D. why【答案】A【解析】句意：我真的相信美丽源自于内在。本题考查宾语从句。从句部分不缺少任何成分，因此用that，that起到连接作用，也可以省略。故选A。5. (2015浙江)If you swim in a river or lake, be sure to investig
61、ate _ is below the water surface. Often there are rocks or branches hidden in the water.A. what B. who C. that D. whoever【答案】A【解析】句意：如果你在河里或湖里游泳，请确定查看水面下有什么。通常总有一些石头或树枝藏在水里。分析宾语从句的成分可以发现，空格所作的成分是主语，且表示什么，根据下一句的表述中的树枝和石头可以得出答案是what。6. (2015重庆)We must find out _ Karl is coming, so we can book a room f
62、or him.A. when B. how C. where D. why 【答案】A【解析】句意：我们必须弄明白卡尔什么时候来，这样我们能给他预定房间。find out 后面跟着宾语从句，根据句意选when，when在从句中作时间状语。7. (2015陕西)Reading her biography, I was lost in admiration for _ Doris Lessing had achieved in literature.A. what B. that C. why D. how【答案】A【解析】句意：读完了她的自传后，我对Doris Lessing在文学上做的贡献非常
63、敬佩。介词for后面是宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，所以选A。8. (2015福建)I wonder _ Mary has kept her figure after all these years.By working out every day.A. whereB. howC. whyD. If【答案】B 题组三 表语从句1.(2018北京) Without his support, we wouldnt be _ we are now.A. how B. when C. where D. why【答案】C【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。how表方式，w
64、hen表时间，where表地点，why表原因。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。C选项正确。2. (2016北京)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. whatB. thatC. whetherD. why【答案】B【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句中不缺少主语、谓语、状语和宾语，因此此处用that，that只起引
65、导作用，故选B。3. (2014北京)The best moment for the football star was _ he scored the winning goal.A. whereB. whenC. howD. why【答案】B【解析】本题考查表语从句，考查方式为连接词的选择。句意：对于这个足球明星来说，他进球得分的时刻是最好的时刻。根据题干前半部分中的moment一词推断，后面应该说的是的时候，is后的表语从句中缺少时间状语，所以本题选B。4. (2014四川) Grandma pointed to the hospital and said, Thats _ I was b
66、orn.A. when B. how C. why D. where【答案】D 题组四 同位语从句1. (2016天津)The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do. A. whether B. thatC. which D. what 【答案】B【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句的成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that在从句中不作成分，只起连接的
67、作用。故选B。2. (2014重庆)Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday? Yeah, but I have no idea _ he did it; thats one of his favorite universities. A. when B. whyC. that D. how【答案】B【解析】答句句意：是的，但是我不知道Mike为什么放弃了耶鲁大学，那是他最喜欢的大学之一。A项表示时间，D项表示方式，均不合题意。have no idea = do not know，后面的从句应该表示
68、疑问，排除表确定事实的C项。故本题选择B项。why表示原因。经典演练I. 语法填空1. What has made John look like lacking sleep?_he had to prepare for the coming exam and stayed up last night.2. The government should consider_ people and the environment will be affected before they make decisions.3. I couldnt understand _I was refused that
69、 day.4. I want to know_book it is, but no one seems to know.5. Remembering _we put something its address is vital both to finding it and to putting it away so it can be found again.6. What made her so upset?_ she failed in her midterm examination.7. The world thinks highly of _ China and its people
70、have achieved in the last years.8. The employers often give the job to _they believe has work experience with a strong sense of duty.9. _life began on the earth is one of the biggest puzzles to scientists.10. What are you worrying about?It is _ there is any chance of being infected by A(H1N1) virus.
71、11. After a fivehour drive, they reached _ they thought was the right place _ they had been dreaming of.12. 60 million dollars in _ it says is the worlds largest bottlebottle recycling plant.13. Its difficult for college graduates to find a good job in China.It depends on whether they have _ it take
72、s to be successful in todays world.【答案】 3. why 【解析】句意：我不知道那天我为什么会被拒绝。此处表示原因，故用why引导宾语从句，why在从句中作原因状语。4. whose 【解析】句意：我不知道这是谁的书，但是好像也没有人知道。填空线后面是名词book，且此处表示谁的，故填whose。5. where 【解析】句意：记好我我们把某样东西放在哪儿了，即它的地址，这对找到它，并把它放好很重要，这样就我们可以再次找到它。此处用where引导宾语从句，where在从句中作地点状语。6. That 【解析】句意：期中考试不及格是他沮丧的原因。此处是主语从句
73、，从句中不缺成分，故用that。7. what 【解析】句意：在过去的很多年，中国人民和其所取得的成就得到世界的高度评价。what引导宾语从句，且在从句中作achieved的宾语。8. whoever 【解析】句意：老板会把工作给那些有工作经验和有责任干的任何人。此处作宾语，表示任何人，故填whoever。9. How 【解析】句意：在地球上，生命是如何起源的对科学家来说仍是一个谜。此处引导主语从句，且在从句中作方式状语，故填How。 II. 单项填空1. We havent settled the question of _ it is necessary for him to study
74、abroad.A. ifB. whereC. whetherD. that【答案】C【解析】句意：我们尚未解决他是否有必要去国外学习的问题。whether引导的从句作介词of的宾语，whether表示是否。2. A warm thought suddenly came to me _ I might use the pocket money to buy some flowers for my mothers birthday.A. if B. when C. that D. which【答案】C【解析】主句完整，同时从句也不缺成分。根据句意可看出that引导的从句与a warm though
75、t构成同位语。3. There is much chance _ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.A. that B. which C. until D. if【答案】A【解析】that引导同位语从句，具体说明chance（可能性）的内容。4. Please remind me _ he said he was going. I may be in time to see him off.A. where B. when C. how D. what【答案】B【解析】句意：请提醒我他说他将什么时候走。也许我能及时去送
76、他。此处表示何时，故用when引导宾语从句。5. How much one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on _ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives.A. what B. who C. how D. why【答案】B 6. When changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know _.A. he is entering which lane B. which lane
77、he is enteringC. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering【答案】B【解析】空格处作know的宾语，从句要用陈述语序。故选B。7. _ was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise _ he would give each of us a small gift.A. As; which B. What; thatC. It; that D. It; which【答案】C【解析】第一空用it作形式主语，真正的主语是all后的that从句；第二空用t
78、hat引导同位语从句，该从句解释说明promise，that在从句中不作成分。8. It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. A. whetherB. whereC. which D. that【答案】D【解析】句意：他突然想起他把钥匙忘在了办公室。主语从句语意完整，且不少成分，故选择连词that。本句中it为形式主语，真正主语是由that引导的主语从句。9. The news _ Barack Obama won the Nobel Peace Prize is _ surprised the worl
79、d.A. that; what B. which; thatC. that; which D. /; how【答案】A【解析】句意：奥巴马获得诺贝尔和平奖的消息震惊了全世界。第一空that引导的从句作news的同位语，that在从句中不作成分；第二空用what引导表语从句，what在从句中作主语，表示的东西。10. Valli, who was born in Pula, in _ is now Croatia, made her film debut in Italy in the mid1930s.A. what B. whereC. that D. which【答案】A【解析】空格引导的
80、从句作in的宾语，且所填词在从句中作主语，故选择A。where不作主语，只能作地点状语。11. We are very proud of _ you have accomplished so far. You should be proud too.A. what B. thatC. which D. where【答案】A 12. We think that its love, generosity and perseverance _ make the world _ it is today.A. what; that B. that; whatC. which; what D. which
81、; that【答案】B【解析】第一空的that是强调句型中的that；第二空所填词引导的从句作the world的补语，且在从句中作is的表语。13. With the number of cars increasing rapidly in cities, a major problem is _ the cars can be parked.A. which B. that C. when D. where 【答案】D【解析】空格引导表语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故选择D。14. Only in the last few years have scientists and teacher
82、s begun to understand learning disabilities and _.A. how can they be dealt with B. what they can be dealt withC. how they can be dealt with D. what can they be dealt with【答案】C 【解析】空格处与前面并列均作understand的宾语，从句要用陈述语序，且deal with和how连用，do with和what连用，故选C。15. makes this shop different is that it offers mor
83、e personal services.A. WhatB. WhoC. WhateverD. Whoever【答案】A【解析】考查主语从句。句意：使这家商店不用的是它提供更加私人的服务。所填词引导主语从句，且作从句的主语，表示的东西，故用what，what=the thing that。高考题型综合演练. 语法填空阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。As its easy to cultivate and it contains most of the vitamins necessary for health, potatoes are popular in c
84、ultures worldwide. Originating 1._ South America, potatoes have been part of South American diet for hundreds of years. With multiple potato 2._ (variety) in the market, they are fried, baked, freezedried to form many beloved dishes. In Ireland, from its introduction in the 16th century, potatoes 3.
85、_ (hold) a central place in the Irish diet and been considered as the primary Irish crop. In the US, potatoes are one of the most 4._ (wide) consumed crops. French fries are commonly found in typical American fastfood restaurants and cafeterias. French fries were introduced to the US 5._ Thomas Jeff
86、erson served them in the White House during 6._ presidency from 18011809.For many Chinese people, potatoes are considered a vegetable.7._ in the future, this will no longer be the case.“A programme to add potatoes to Chinas list of food, joining rice, wheat and corn, will 8._ (expand) to diversify t
87、he Chinese menu and meet increasing food demands，”agricultural experts and authorities with the Ministry of Agriculture said in 9._ conference on Jan.6.Specifically, potato powder will be mixed into bread and noodle to suit Chinese consumers taste and 10._ (eat) habit.【文章大意】 本文为说明文，主要介绍了土豆在不同国家饮食文化的
88、普及情况，在不久的将来，它还会成为中国家庭餐桌上的主食之一。 3.have held 【解析】考查动词的时态。根据上文说自16世纪被引进以来，土豆至今一直都占据着爱尔兰饮食的核心地位，故用现在完成时。4.widely 【解析】考查副词。副词修饰consumed，故填widely。5.when 【解析】考查连词。该从句和前面主句存在时间上的逻辑关系。6.his 【解析】考查代词。该句子的意思是：当Thomas Jefferson 在他18011809执政期间。presidency为名词，意为“总统的任期”。 9.a 【解析】考查冠词。a conference 表示“一次会议”。10.eating
89、 【解析】考查非谓语动词。v.ing形式作定语，表性质、特征。. 短文改错假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号()，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2. 只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。Last week our school hold a sports meeting. Realize it was our last
90、school sports meeting, we decided to make it unforgettable experience. We first attended the opening ceremony, for whom our class had made a lot of preparations. Much for our excitement, our performance was a success. My classmates took part in various event such as running, the high jump and the lo
91、ng jump.Due to the hard training the athletes had done before, their performance was very impressive. My classmates applauded and cheered for the athletes, so some raised their cameras to capture the exciting moments. The result was announced. Our class won the second place and our efforts were paid
92、 off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together proud. This sports meeting will be a precious memory for all of them as time goes by.【答案】Last week our school a sports meeting. it was our last school sports meeting, we decided to make it unforgettable experience. We first attended the opening ceremony,
93、 for our class had made a lot of preparations. Much our excitement, our performance was a success. My classmates took part in various such as running, the high jump and the long jump.Due to the hard training the athletes had done before, their performance was very impressive. My classmates applauded
94、 and cheered for the athletes, some raised their cameras to capture the exciting moments. The result was announced. Our class won the second place and our efforts paid off! Cup in hand, we took a picture together. This sports meeting will be a precious memory for all of as time goes by.【文章大意】作者和同学们参
95、加了毕业前的最后一次校运会。在开幕式和各项比赛中，他们都表现很出色，取得了优异的成绩，使本次运动会成为难忘的一次经历。 第三处：unforgettable前加an。考查冠词。该句中experience表示经历，是可数名词，其单数形式前应加不定冠词，且unforgettable第一个音节是元音，故用an。第四处：whom改为which。考查定语从句。非限制性定语从句中指代先行词the opening ceremony，应用which。第五处：for改为to。考查介词。to ones excitement是固定结构，表示令某人兴奋的是，故将for改为to。第六处：event改为events。考查名词。various表示各种各样的，应修饰可数名词复数，故将event改为events。第七处：so改为and。考查连词。此处前后两句在意义上是顺承关系，而不是因果关系，故将so改为and。 第十处：them改为us。考查代词。本文叙述故事用的是第一人称，故将them改为us。 _ 37
