1、高一年级英语必修三第二单元教材梳理知识结构重点单词、短语：1. diet日常饮食vi.节食2. spaghetti意大利式细面条3. nut坚果;果仁4. muscle肌肉;(食用)瘦肉5. protective给予保护的;保护的6. bean豆;豆科植物7. pea豌豆8. cucumber黄瓜9. eggplant茄子10. pepper辣椒;辣椒粉11. mushroom蘑菇12. peach桃子13. lemon柠檬14. balance平衡;权衡n.天平;平衡15. balanced diet 平衡膳食16. barbecue烧烤;烤肉17. mutton羊肉18. kebab(=k
2、abob)(印度)烤腌羊肉串;肉串上的肉块19. roast烤制的/烤;烘;烘烤20. stir摇动;搅和fry/frai油煎;油炸21. stir-fry vt.用旺火炒(或煎、煸)22. ought应当;应该23. ought to应当;应该24. bacon熏咸肉;腊肉25. cola可乐饮料26. sugary含糖的;甜的27. sign牌示;标记;符号28. lose weight体重减轻;减肥29. slim.变细;减肥adj.苗条的;纤细的30. curiosity好奇心1. hostess女主人;女主持人2. raw生的;未加工的3. vinegar醋4. get away w
3、ith被放过;(做坏事)不受惩罚5. lie谎话;谎言vi.说谎6. tell a lie 说谎7. customer顾客;消费者;口人, 家伙a tough customer粗暴的难对付的家伙, 坚强的人, 身体结实hot customer口脾气暴躁 的家伙a cool customer口又大胆又冷静的家伙; 厚脸皮的人8. discount折扣9. win . back赢回;重新获得10. weakness缺点;虚弱;弱点have a weakness for偏爱., 特别爱好.11. strength强项;长处;力量12. consult咨询;请教;商量without consultin
4、g sb.没征求某人的意见consult a doctor about ones illness找医生治病consult reference books翻阅参考书consult the dictionary查辞典consult ones watch看手表consult ones pillow通夜思索consult sb.s feelings尊重某人的感情consult the interests of the masses考虑群众的利益consult ones own convenience只顾个人利益13. fibre纤维;纤维制品14. digest消化digest everything
5、in the book领会了书中的一切This conduct is more than I can digest.我忍受不了这种行为。Some foods digest more easily than others.有些食物较其它食物容易消化15. digest.摘要;概要16. poisonous有毒的17. carrot胡萝卜18. scurvy坏血病19. rickets佝偻病20. obesity过度肥胖21. vitamin维生素22. protein蛋白质23. earn ones living 谋生24. debt债;债务25. in debt 欠债26. glare怒目而视
6、;闪耀n.怒视;眩目的光27. spy窥探;秘密监视n.间谍;侦探28. spy on 暗中监视;侦查29. limit限制;限定n.界限;限度30. limited有限的31. benefit利益;好处vt.&vi.有益于;有助于; 受益32. breast胸部;乳房33. garlic大蒜34. sigh叹息;叹气 n.叹息;叹息声35. combine(使)联合;(使)结合36. cut down 削减;删节37. before long 不久以后38. put on weight 增加体重39. cooperation.合作;协作40. ingredient(烹调用的)材料;原料; 成
7、分41. flavour(食物的)味道与气味;特性单词精讲1. balancen. 天平；平衡；结余，余额v.平衡；权衡Can you balance yourself on skates?你穿冰鞋能保持平衡吗?If you earn 100 and spend 60，your balance is 40.如果你挣100英镑，花60英镑，那么你就会结余40英镑。You have to balance the advantages of living in the country against the disadvantages.你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。常用结构:1. keep a
8、balanced diet保持饮食平衡2. keep ones balance保持平衡3. lose ones balance失去平衡4. out of balance 不平衡5. a sense of balance 平衡感6. bank balance 银行余额7. blance of trade贸易差额8. keep balance of nature保持生态平衡The two trucks had wheels out of balance on delivery.这两部卡车在交货时车轮失去了平衡。The boy has a lot of disadvantages, but on b
9、alance I think he is still a good boy.这个男孩有很多缺点，但全面考虑，我认为他仍然是好孩子。拓展balanced adj. 合理的；收支平衡的；镇静的balanced diet 均衡饮食a balanced judgement 公平的判决2.lievi.& n.说谎；谎话，谎言(lied，lied，lying)vi.躺，卧；处于(某一位置)，在于(lay，lain，lying)常用结构:tell a lietell lies to sb. 对某人说谎tell lies to sb. 对某人说谎a white lie善意的谎言lie to sb.向某人说谎l
10、ie down 少有作为，一事无成：Hes lying down on the job.他在工作上一事无成lie in在于；处于状态Usually success lies in hard diligence, determinatin and perseverancethere lies . 某地有There lies a small town at the foot of the mountain.山脚下有一个小镇。lie on ones back仰卧lie on ones side侧卧lie on ones stomach俯卧Its no wonder that she lied to
11、the court.难怪她对法庭撒了谎。West of the lake lies the famous city.那个著名的城市坐落在湖的西面。You are lying but lies can not cover up facts.你在说谎，但谎言掩盖不了事实。Id rather use my money than leave it lying in the bank.我宁愿把钱花掉也不愿搁在银行里不用。拓展layvt. 放；搁；下(蛋)；产(卵)(laid，laid，laying)3. amountn. 数量vi. 合计，总计达；相当于，等同于常用结构:amount to总共达；相当于
12、；等于an amount of . 大量的the amount of . 的数量Planning without any real action amounts to nothing.只计划不行动等于什么都不做。The total cost of repairs amounted to $100.修理费用总计达100美元。拓展表示数量的短语及用法：a great deal of，a largesmallhuge amount of+不可数名词(作主语时，谓语用单数形式)largevast amounts of+不可数名词(作主语，谓语用复数形式)many，a goodgreat many，a
13、number of，large numbers of，a few，dozens of，scores of+可数名词复数(作主语，谓语用复数形式)plenty of, a lot of+可数名词复数(作主语，谓语用复数形式)；也可接不可数名词(作主语，谓语用单数形式）a large quantity of+名词，large quantities of+名词（作主语，谓语与quantity一致）I need a large amount of money to buy a new house. 我买新房需要一大笔钱。4.curiosityn.好奇心Childrenhave a natural cu
14、riosity about the world around them.小孩子对他们周围的世界有着天生的好奇心。I opened the packet just tosatisfy my curiosity.我打开包裹只是为了满足我的好奇心。常用结构:out of curiosity 出于好奇with curiosity = curiously好奇地拓展curiousadj. 好奇的curiouslyadv. 好奇地be curious about sth. 对某事好奇be curious to do sth. 好奇地做某事5.benefitvt. 有利，有益n. 好处；利益；优势常用结构:b
15、enefit from/by.从受益，得益于benefit sb. 对某人有益be of(much, great)benefitto sb.=be beneficial to sb.对某人有益处be of no benefit to sb.对某人没有益处for the benefit of . 为了的利益I havebenefited a lot fromextensive reading. 广泛的阅读使我受益匪浅。It is known that exerciseis of great benefit tohuman health.众所周知运动对人体健康有很大好处。辨析benefit/int
16、erest/profit/advantagebenefit为普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。它的复数形式benefits意为“救济金”。interest作“利益”讲时，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益。interest作不可数名词时，意为“利息”。profit着重指收益，尤指从物质、钱财等方面获得的利润。advantage指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得的利益与好处。6. combinevt.&vi. (使)联合；（使）结合常用结构:combine into .联合成combine .with .把与结合起来We conside
17、r it is necessary to combine theorywithpractice.我们认为理论联系实际是必要的。Hydrogencombines withoxygen to form water. 氢与氧化合生成水。The pursuit of knowledge should be combined with wisdom. 知识的追求应与智慧相结合。拓展combination n.结合；联合；化合（物）a combination of .一种的结合（物）in combination with与联合起来辨析join/combine/unite/connectjoin侧重把原来不
18、相连接的事物紧密地连接在一起，但仍可再分开。也指把分散的人或几个部分的人联合起来，或加入到某团体中去。常见结构：join up联合起来；join .to/and .连接。combine指两个或两个以上的人或物结合在一起。常见结构：combine with与结合。unite指联合、结合在一起，构成一个整体。connect 指两事物在某一点相连接，但彼此又保持独立。常见结构：connect .to/with与相连；beconnected with与有关系。7. limitvt. 限制；限定n. 界限；限度拓展limited adj. 有限的limitless adj. 无限制的The speed
19、limit on this road is 70 mph.这条道路的车速限制是每小时70英里。We must try and limit our expenses.我们必须设法限制我们的开支。常用结构：limit sb./sth. to .限制某人/某事到（某种程度）put a limit on . 对限制there is a limit to .对是有限的without limit 无限地，无限制地limitation限制;环境的限制; 缺陷He knows his limitations.他自知他的缺陷。8. get away with 被放过；（做坏事）不受惩罚If youcheat i
20、n the exam, youll never get away with it. 考试作弊必予追究。I wont have you getting away with cheating in the exam. 我不能容忍你考试作弊而不受惩罚。拓展get across=put across (使)被理解；(把)讲清楚get rid of摆脱；除掉get away (from)(从)脱离，逃脱get down to (doing) sth. 开始认真地做某事get in插话；收获get in touch with与取得联系get into the habit of. 染上的习惯get into
21、 trouble 陷入困境get out (of .)出去，离开，逃脱，摆脱get hold of 抓住get on/along well with.相处得好；进展顺利(多用进行时)get over 爬过；克服(困难)；从中恢复过来get through 完成；花光(时间、金钱等)；通过；接通电话Hes not very good at getting his ideas across. 他不太善于清楚地表达自己的思想。We should get rid of the bad style and keep the good.我们应该摒弃不良作风，保持优良作风。9. take off 从中去掉；
22、脱掉（衣服）；起飞；突然大受欢迎，迅速流行Her singing career took off after her TV appearance. 她在电视上亮相后歌唱事业迅速发展。Dont take off your sweater. Its cold here.别脱掉毛衣，这儿冷。拓展take away 拿走，消除(感情，痛苦等）take after（相貌、体格、性情等）像（父、母等）take back 收回take down 拿下；记下；拆除take in 欺骗；吸收；理解take it easy 不紧张，不急take on 呈现，具有(特征、外观等）；雇用take out 拿出，取出；
23、去掉take over 接收，接管take up 拿起；开始（从事）；继续；占据（时/空间）take apart 拆开（机器等）take for 认为，以为；误以为Take away my good name, take away my life.(谚)美名失去，生命不存。Dont be taken in by his charm-he is ruthless.不要被他迷人的风度所蒙蔽，其实他冷酷无情。10. in debt欠债；欠人情Shewas in debtwhen she was poor, but has been out of debt since she got rich.以前穷
24、的时候她欠了债，可自从富了以后就不欠债了。拓展out of debt不欠债in trouble处在困境中in charge 管理；负责in detail 详细地in fact 事实上in love 相爱in need需要in surprise惊奇地in touch 保持联系in danger处在危险之中in common共有；共同in general通常；一般地说in line站队in mind 意欲；心想in order 有秩序地in tears 在哭泣in public公开地；当众11. before long不久以后The dictionary will be published bef
25、ore long. 不久以后这本词典将被出版。拓展long before 很久以前long ago 很久以前12. cut down 削减；删节；砍伐cut off 剪下来；切断；使突然中断cut out 切去；省略；停止（做某事）cut up=cut into pieces 切碎；剪碎cut through 穿过；穿透cut in 插入；插嘴；超车抢道13. “Nothing could be better, ” he thought. 他想：“再没有比这些更好吃的了。”形容词（或副词）的比较级better与否定词nothing 连用，表达最高级的含义。常用的否定词有no, not, nev
26、er, nothing, nobody, hardly等，表示最高级的含义。Did you sleep well last night? 你昨夜睡得好吗？Never better, like a rock. 从没这么好过，睡得很沉。I think nothing is more pleasant than travelling. 我想没有比旅行更令人愉快的事了。I cant think of a better idea.我想不出一个更好的方法。14. Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat
27、in his restaurant as he always did.要是李昌不像往常那样到他店里吃饭，那问题一定严重了。过关练习1、单项填空Because of_mail we receive，we may not be able to reply to your letter.Please remember to include your full name with your letter.A. a great many ofB. a large number ofC. a large amount ofD. a great plenty of解析:选C。mail邮件，不可数名词。故用a
28、 large amount of。2、完成句子Margaret looked at him_(好奇地).She decided to try a cigarette_(出于好奇).All the employees in this firm_(好奇) the personal life of the general manager._(奇怪的是) enough, he had never seen the little girl._(好奇心) drove Mary to open her husbands letter though she knew it was wrong.答案 :with
29、 curiosityout of curiosityare curious aboutCuriouslyCuriosity3、单项填空We should spend the money on something that will_everyone.A. benefitB. benefit fromC. beneficialD. benefit toNever forget_we receive from our parents.A. the benefitB. the benefitsC. BeneficialD. to benefit解析: 选A。此处需要用动词作谓语，benefit 可作
30、及物动词，意为“对有益”。选B。句意为：永远不要忘记我们从父母那儿得到的恩惠。benefit意为“具体的好处”时是可数名词，可用复数形式。4、单项填空The two parties have_to form a new government.A. MixedB. combinedC. joinedD. formed_Chinese traditional medicine with western medicine.A. LinkB. ConnectC. CombineD. Join解析: 选B。句意为：那两个党派合并组成了一个新政府。combine 指原来性质或成分不同的东西合并成一体。选C
31、。句意为：把中药与西药结合起来。combine .with .把与结合起来。5、用limit相关短语的适当形式填空Ones energy is_._(没有止境) what you can do if you try.He must_our weekly expenditure_ten pounds.答案：limitedTheres no limit tolimit; to6、(1)单项填空Youre coughing badly, Martin. Why not give up smoking?Give up smoking? Easier said than done, Amy. Once
32、you_the habit of smoking, it is very hard for you to.A. keep up;break it awayB. take up;drop it outC. pick up;get rid of itD. build up; do away with it(2)完成句子To my surprise, the baby wolf_(与相处得不错) the dogs and then managed to survive.She never arrives on time at the office, but she somehow managed t
33、o_(侥幸逃脱) it.Well, stop chatting. Its time we_(开始，着手) some serious work.The news was a terrible blow to her, but she will_(从恢复过来) the shock soon.解析:(1)选C。考查动词短语辨析。keep up保持,继续,维持；break away脱开；离开；逃脱；take up拿起；开始；从事；吸取；接纳；drop out退出,退学；pick up捡起,拾起；get rid of摆脱；除掉；build up逐步建立；do away with废除,去掉。 (2)got
34、 on well withget away withgot down toget over7、单项填空Ill always be_to you for your help.A.in debtB. debtC. running into debtD. debts解析:选A。句意为：由于你的帮助，我总是欠你的。完成句子That happened_(很久以前).I have seen that film_(很久以前).His plan seemed to be too difficult, but_(不久以后) it proved to be practicable.答案：long agolong
35、beforebefore long8、用cut相关短语的适当形式填空Her little finger was_in an accident at the factory.She_the advertisement_of the newspaper.He_the park and reached there in time.I havent given up drinking but Im.Im sorry to_on your conversation.You nearly caused a crash by_(on me) like that.答案:cut offcut; outcut t
36、hroughcutting downcut incutting in单项填空Your story is perfect. Ive never heard_before.A. the better oneB. the best oneC. a better oneD. a good one解析:选C。比较级与nothing, nobody, never等否定词连用时，实际上表示最高级的意义，意为“再也不过了；没有比更的了”。句中的比较对象是一个尚未出现的新人或新事物，故用不定冠词a/an修饰。高考考点（语法）情态动词+have done情态动词must +have done只用于肯定句中，表示对
37、过去发生的事情或状态进行肯定的推测，意为“过去一定做过某事”。情态动词can/could可用于否定句中，即cant have done /couldnt have done，表示对过去发生的事情或状态的肯定的推测，意为“过去不可能做过，肯定没做过某事”。此外，can/could have done还可用于疑问句中表示对过去发生的事情或状态的不太有把握的推测，意为“过去可能做过吗?”注意：表推测的情态动词只有can/could，常用于疑问句中。情态动词may/might +have done表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测，might语气稍弱一点儿，只能用于肯定句和否定句中，意为“
38、过去可能做过某事或过去可能没做过某事”。 It must have rained last night, for the road is wet. 昨天晚上一定是下雨了，因为路还湿着。 You must have seen the film the Gold Rush. 你肯定看过电影淘金热。 My sister met him at the theatre last night, so he couldnt have attended your lecture. 我姐姐昨天晚上在电影院遇见了他，所以他肯定没参加你的演讲。 I cant find Tom anywhere in the off
39、ice building. Where can he have gone?我在办公楼的任何地方都找不到汤姆。他有可能去哪里了呢？ You might have read about it in the papers.你可能在报上已经看过这个消息了。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空Where_Margaret_(can; put) the empty bottles?She_(can; throw) them away. They must be somewhere.Hurry up, Michael! Its ten to three.Goodness me! The class_(must;
40、begin).Ill be late again.答案:can; have put; cant have thrownmust have begun15. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! 他可不能让永慧哄骗人们后跑掉。have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人/某事一直做某事，表示一个持续的动作。用于否定句中表示不允许某人做某事。He had me waiting for him for two hours. I cant bear it any more!他让我等了两个小时，我再也
41、无法忍受了！Its rude of you to speak to father like that and I wont have you speaking to father like that in future.你那样跟父亲说话很粗鲁，今后我不会再容忍你那样跟父亲说话了。Wont have sb./sth. doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事/容忍某物have sb./sth. do sth. 使某人或某物做某事(注意不要在do之前加上to)have sb./sth. done sth. 请别人做某事(自己不去做或无法做); (主语)遭受了不好的事情Id have you know
42、 that I am ill.我要让你知道我病了。Jack must have his motorbike repaired.杰克必须把他的摩托车修理一下。用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空（原创）To my despair, the doctor_me_(have; wait) in the room for the whole afternoon.I_my watch_(have; repair) because it didnt work.I can t_him_(have; make) noise all the time.Yesterday Mum_Tim_(have; tidy) hi
43、s room since it was in a mess.The woman_her handbag_(have; rob) yesterday.答案:had; waitinghad; repairedhave;makinghad; tidyhad; robbed16. I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu, .我本来以为你是一位新顾客，现在我才发现你只是过来打探我和我的菜谱的I thought/I didnt know/I didnt thin
44、k表明说话人以前的想法，宾语从句随之用过去时或过去将来时。I never thought you would come to see me and bring me such a wonderful gift.我根本没想到你会来看我并给我带来如此好的礼物。单项填空Oh, its you. I_you_in this city. How long have you been here?A. dont know; wereB. hadnt known; areC. havent known; areD. didnt know; were解析:选D。句意为：我不知道你在这座城市。你在这座城市待了多久？I thought/I didnt know/I didnt think表明说话人以前的想法，宾语从句随之用过去时或过去将来时。
