1、Section Grammar & Writing过去分词作状语和动词短语阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法1Seen from above，the old town is a maze of canals，little bridges and tiny cobbled streets that tourists get lost in.2Not invited，he became very disappointed.3Completely rebuilt，the town would not be so interesting.4Beaten by the opposite team，we d
2、idnt lose heart and encouraged each other.5Aunt Wu came in，followed by her daughter.6The old town is on the side of a mountain and opposite it is the 5,500 metre Yulong Xueshan Mountain，its peak covered with snow.7The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month.8Lincoln said that it was n
3、ot right for the south to break away from the Union.9Can you try to get them to bring down the price?10Others may have difficulty in moving.过去分词(短语)作状语过去分词(短语)作状语是非谓语动词的重点之一，也是历年高考的重要考点之一，以下是对过去分词(短语)作状语的用法的归纳。过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况。1过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动的和完成的动作。Written in a hurry
4、，this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙，这篇文章不是很好。(written in a hurry)是过去分词短语作状语，表示这篇文章是被写的，而且“被写”的动作已经完成)2过去分词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，此时应注意人称的一致，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者，即过去分词与主语之间是动宾关系，即被动关系。Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。(caught in a heavy rain是过去分词短语作状语，它的逻辑主语是句子的主语he，即被大雨淋了)3过去分词(短语)作
5、状语可转化为句子。(1)过去分词(短语)作时间状语，可转化为when、while或after等引导的时间状语从句。Seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.When the park is seen from the top of the hill，it looks more beautiful.从山顶上往下看，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。(2)过去分词(短语)作条件状语，可转化为if、once或unless等引导的条件状语从句。Given another hour，I can work out this problem
6、.If I am given another hour，I can work out this problem.再给我一个小时，我能解出这道题。(3)过去分词(短语)作原因状语，可转化为as、since或because等引导的原因状语从句。Frightened by the noise in the night，the girl didnt dare to sleep in her room.Because the girl was frightened by the noise in the night，she didnt dare to sleep in her room.因为在夜间受到响
7、声的惊吓，那个姑娘不敢在她的房间里睡觉。(4)过去分词(短语)作让步状语，可转化为although、though或even if等引导的让步状语从句。Exhausted by our climb，we continued our journey.Although we were exhausted by our climb，we continued our journey.我们虽然爬得很累，但我们仍然继续我们的旅程。(5)过去分词(短语)作伴随状语，一般可转化为并列句。She suddenly appeared，dressed in white.She suddenly appeared an
8、d she was dressed in white.她突然出现了，穿着一身白衣服。吴阿姨走进来，后面跟着她的女儿。名师点津状语从句改为过去分词(短语)作状语时，有时还可保留连词，构成“连词过去分词(短语)”结构作状语。When given a medical examination，you should keep calm.当你做体检时，要保持安静。4过去分词(短语)作状语时的位置(1)过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；(2)作伴随、结果状语时，通常放在句末；(3)作方式状语时，通常放在句末，有时也放在句首；(4)作让步状语时，通常放在句首，有时也放在句末。.短语动词短
9、语动词由动词与名词、介词、副词等结合在一起组成，主要有如下几类：动词名词这种词组由及物动词加名词构成。要注意名词前是否有冠词，名词是否可数。drop a line写封简信take medicine服药make way前进catch the train赶火车have a try试一下动词介词这种词组后面都能带名词或相当于名词的成分作宾语。但不一定都能变成被动语态。要特别注意介词的固定搭配。live on以为主succeed in成功result from由造成depend on依靠，取决于result in导致agree with同意动词副词这种词组有些能带宾语。如果宾语是代词，须放在动词后面、
10、副词前面。如：put it on不可以说put on it。要注意其中副词的固定搭配。make up弥补；化妆give out释放出make out弄明白figure out弄懂；算出turn up出现；露面动词名词介词要注意这种词组可以带两种宾语，一是词组本身的名词，是前面及动词的宾语，此时名词前可以用形容词加以修饰，如make better use of；一是整个词组所带的宾语，在变成被动语态时，可能出现该词组的倒装、割裂现象。lay emphasis on注重，强调take part in参加lose sight of消失pay attention to注意动词副词介词其中的副词是修饰前
11、面的动词，而介词后面接宾语。keep up with跟上look forward to盼望catch up with赶上put up with容忍动词宾语介词这种词组中动词所带的宾语(通常是名词)往往不固定，但介词是固定的，介词所带的宾语(名词、动名词)有些也是比较固定的。变成被动语态时，这类词组也出现倒装、割裂现象。keep (prevent，stop).from(doing)sth.阻止(干)某事know (tell，distinguish).from区别，分辨be形容词介词be如果去掉，则为形容词短语。be good at擅长be used to习惯于be expert at专于，精通b
12、e ready for准备好；乐意I open up the store for the day at around 8：30 am.我的店大约每天早上8：30开门。They are turning waste land into paddy fields.他们正在把荒地变为稻田。You should pay attention to your spelling.你应该注意拼写。I am going in for an entrance examination next year.我明年将参加入学考试。 .单句语法填空1_(found)in the early 20th century，the
13、 school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.2Time，_(use)correctly，is money in the bank.3Film has a much shorter history，especially when _(compare)to such art forms as music and painting. 【导学号：33030031】4I couldnt put up _ his bad behaviour.5He is a man to be depended _.【答案】1.Founded2.usedpared4.
14、with5on.单句改错1He is used to get up early every morning._2The lecture was worth listening._3In order not to be disturbed，I spent three days locking in my study._4Seeing from the top of the hill，the city looks very beautiful._5When asking for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it ver
15、y interesting and rewarding._【答案】1.getgetting2.在listening后加to3.lockinglocked4.SeeingSeen5.askingasked如何写景点介绍类文章景点介绍类文章在语言运用上要注意准确、简明、通俗、生动，因为其写作目的是对该地地理环境做有条理地、客观地介绍和描述。既要抓住地理环境描述的特点，注意其描述的全面性，使读者获得全面、深刻的认识，又要注意安排或总结性的话。介绍景点要客观，如景点的历史、地理位置、面积、气候、自然资源和居民等，但可以根据题目要求加上自己的评论。组织这类文章的结构，要注意安排好说明顺序，描述要详略得当
16、，重点突出，使文章错落有致。可以适当使用被动结构。描述地点时需要我们准确掌握表示方位的词或短语。时态主要采用一般现在时，行文比较随意、自然。要做到行文自然有条理，措辞确切且得体，还要注意行文的连贯性。最后根据写作提示，进行适当总结和评价。亮点句式1It is located/situated in.2Turning to the left，you will see.，behind which is.3Walking past.，the building that appears in front of you is.4The door on your left leads you to.5On
17、 your left lies a.，with all kinds of.in it.6There are several steps to follow./Here are some tips.7With the help of the above methods，you will achieve your goal soon.写作任务假设你是李华，你的朋友李雷打算去台湾旅游，特来信向你了解台湾岛的有关情况。请根据下列提示，用英文写一封回信，并祝他旅途愉快。1台湾岛是我国最大的岛屿，位于福建省的东南部，北临东海，东临太平洋，西南面被南海环抱；2台湾岛面积约三万六千平方公里，人口两千多万；3自
18、然资源丰富，香蕉、稻米、茶叶等农产品驰名中外；4风景优美，气候宜人，世界各地的游客纷至沓来。注意：1.词数100左右；2信的格式及开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；3可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，符合逻辑。Dear Li Lei，Im glad to know that youre going to Taiwan Island._Yours，Li Hua审题谋篇体裁书信话题介绍旅游景点时态一般现在时人称第三人称遣词造句.词汇1_简要介绍2_在南面3_位于4_人口数量为5_富含6_国内外【答案】1.a brief introduction2.on the south of3lie/be
19、located to4.have a population of5.be rich in.6.both at home and abroad.句式1Taiwan Island is the largest island in our country.It lies west of the Pacific Ocean.(用定语从句合并成一个句子)_2The scenery is beautiful.Travellers from all over the world want to go there for a visit.(用so.that结构合并成一个句子)_【答案】1.Taiwan Isl
20、and is the largest island in our country，which lies west of the Pacific Ocean.2The scenery is so beautiful that travellers from all over the world want to go there for a visit.【参考范文】Dear_Li_Lei，Im_glad_to_know_that_youre_going_to_Taiwan_Island.Id like to give you a brief introduction to it.Taiwan Is
21、land is the largest island in our country，which lies west of the Pacific Ocean.It lies on the south of the East Sea and the South Sea surrounds its southwest.It is located to the southeast of Fujian.Taiwan has an area of about 36,000 square kilometres and it has a population of over 20,000,000. Its rich in natural resources.Agricultural products are famous both at home and abroad，such as bananas，rice，tea and so on.The scenery is so beautiful and the climate is so pleasant that travellers from all over the world want to go there for a visit.Im sure youll have a good time there.Yours，Li_Hua
