1、Section Warming Up & ReadingLanguage Points in time 及时；终于(教材P25)They were in time to produce carbon dioxide，nitrogen，water vapour and other gases，which were to make the earths atmosphere.最终它们产生了二氧化碳、 氮气、水蒸气和其他多种气体，从而形成了地球的大气层。in time to do sth.及时做某事in time for sth. 及时赶上某事on time 准时；按时at a time 一次；每次
2、at one time 曾经；一度；同时at times 有时；偶尔at no time 决不in no time 马上；立刻We arrived in the summer，just in time to enjoy the midnight sun.我们在夏天到达那里，正赶上欣赏半夜的太阳。At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.中国在任何时候决不首先使用核武器。The kids will be leaving home in no time.孩子们很快就要离开家了。 harmful adj.有害的(教材P26)W
3、hat many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas.很多科学家相信，由于地球上长期有水存在，使地球得以把有害气体和酸性物质溶解在海洋里。be harmful to.对有害harmless adj. 无害的do harm to sb.do sb.harm 对某人有害There is no harm in doing sth. 做某事没有害处(it does
4、no harm to do sth.)Your smoking can be harmful to the health of your children.你吸烟会危及孩子的健康。Reading under the sun will do_serious_harm_to your eyes.太阳底下看书会严重损伤视力。 【导学号：97770022】There is no harm in reading more booksIt does_no_harm_to_read more books.多读些书没坏处。 exist vi.存在；生存(教材P26)They laid eggs too and
5、 existed on the earth for more than 140 million years.它们也生蛋，在地球上存在了1亿4千多万年。(1)exist in存在于中exist on 靠生活/生存There exists. 存在；有(2)existence n. 存在；生活in existence 现存的；现有的come into existence 产生；成立；开始存在He exists on selling fruits.他靠卖水果生存。There exists a tall tree in front of my home.在我家门前有一棵很高的树。It is said t
6、hat the plant is the oldest in existence.据说这种植物是现存最古老的。名师点津exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也没有进行时。there exist(某处)存在，有，是there be句型的变体。类似的结构还有：there stand，there lie，there live，there occur等。 in ones turn轮到某人；接着(教材P26)Thus they have，in their turn，become the most important animals on the planet.于是，它们接着成了这个行星上最重要的动物。i
7、n turn依次；轮流；相应地；转而； 反过来by turns 轮流；交替take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事They，in their turn，gave some advice for the plan.他们接着为这项计划提了一些建议。When it is in my turn，I am too excited to speak.当轮到我时，我激动得都说不出话来了。We take turns to deliver a speech in public.我们轮流在公众面前发表演讲。It is my turn t
8、o clean the classroom this week.这周轮到我打扫教室了。 prevent.from阻止；制止(教材P26)They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere，which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space.他们把过多的二氧化碳释放到大气层中，这就使得地球上的热量不能释放到太空中去。阻止做某事protect.from(against). 保护不受侵袭(from后接能带来伤害或损害之物)No one can prevent hi
9、m from going to Tibet by bike.没有人能够阻止他骑自行车去西藏。They were stopped/prevented from entering the burning building.他们被拦在了燃烧着的大楼外面。Soldiers have been sent to protect the crew against attack.已经派出士兵保护船员免遭袭击。名师点津from省还是不省？短语prevent/stop/protect.from.中的from可以省略，keep.from.中的from不能省略。但在被动结构中，from均不可省略。 puzzle n.
10、 谜；难题 vt.&vi.(使)迷惑；(使)为难(教材P27)How life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve.地球上生命的起源是科学家们难以解决的最大疑惑之一。(1)be in a puzzle感到困惑；不知如何是好(2)puzzle about/over 冥思苦想；苦苦思索(3)puzzling adj. 令人迷惑的(4)puzzled adj. 感到迷惑的be puzzled about 对迷惑不解Im in a puzzle as to how to get
11、 along with him.对于如何和他相处我感到困惑。语境助记The puzzled look on her face suggested she was puzzlingover the puzzling math problem.她困惑的表情暗示了她正在思考那个令人困惑的数学问题。.语境填词1A report on _among middle school and high school students indicates that most _incidents between students begin with a relatively minor insult(侮辱)(v
12、iolent)2This object gives off_gases.They may do _to our health.You must make the object_before you use it.(harm)3Do you believe in the_of ghosts？Perhaps they only _in the minds of some people.(exist)4The students over there are_about the _ question.(puzzle)5_，there are two _ theories to the outbreak
13、 of Cholera.(fundament)【答案】1.violence；violent2.harmful；harm；harmless3.existence；exist4.puzzled；puzzling5.Fundamentally；fundamental.选词填空in time，cool down，come into existence，give birth to，prevent.from.，depend on，in ones turn，for the first time1She didnt _ for hours after that argument.2Health _ good
14、food，fresh air and enough sleep.3When school began last summer，most of us met _.4I was just _ for the flight.5We should try our best to _ the river _ being polluted. 【导学号：97770023】【答案】1.cool down2.depends on3.for the first time4.in time5.prevent；from (教材P25)What it was_to_become was uncertain until
15、between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe.随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固体的球状物。【要点提炼】“be to do结构”表示将来不可避免要发生的事，意为“注定”；也可表示按计划或安排要发生的事。be to do有五层含义：(1)表示预定，“预定”，相当于be going to do。(2)表示义务，“应该”，相当于should。(3)表示可能，“会做”，相当于can/could。(4)表示命运，“注定”(通常用于过去时，描述过去的事实
16、)。(5)用于if.were to do，引导对将来的虚拟语气。As a young man，he didnt know he was to win world fame later on.年轻时，他不知道自己日后会举世闻名。You are_to hand in your homework before Friday.周五之前你要交上作业。 【导学号：97770024】Later this was_to become the place of the first foreign settlements in Australia.后来这里成了第一批外国人在澳洲的居住地。 (教材P26)This
17、produced a chain reaction，which made_it_possible_for_life_to_develop.这就产生了一种连锁反应，使得生命的开始发展成为可能。【要点提炼】句中的it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式短语to develop。it作形式宾语时常用在find/make/think/consideritadj./n.to do结构中。We find it impossible to climb to the top of the hill in such bad weather.这么坏的天气，我们发现爬到山顶是不可能的。We think_it_our_du
18、ty_to help you out of trouble.我们认为帮助你摆脱困境是我们的责任。He considered_it_important for him to learn spoken English well.他认为学好英语口语对他来说是重要的。名师点津it作形式宾语时不仅可代替不定式，还可代替 ving形式和句子。We consider it no use discussing the problem with him.我们认为和他讨论这个问题没用。I think_it_a_pity that you didnt come to the concert last Sunday.
19、我认为你上周日没听音乐会很遗憾。完成句子1他计划明年去国外深造。He _to get further education next year.2在学校大礼堂将举行一次会议，有几个学生正忙着做准备。In the school hall，where a meeting _，some students are busy preparing for it.3他们计划到哪里旅游还没有定下来，直到一周前他们为暑假做准备时才定下来。_was uncertain until one week ago when they were preparing for their summer holiday.4我认为学
20、好英语很有用。I think _ to learn English well.5每天我们都要把保持教室清洁当作一条规则。We must _to keep the classroom clean every day.【答案】1.is to go abroad2.is to be held3Where they were to travel4.it useful5.make it a ruleWhat it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled in
21、to a solid globe.【分析】what引导主语从句until引导时间状语when引导定语从句【翻译】随后它会变成什么没人能知道，直到3845亿年前，这团尘埃才慢慢地形成了一个固态的球状物。学业分层测评.单句语法填空1Some understanding of grammar is _(fundament) to learning a language.2_(like)most people in the office who come to work by car，I usually by bus.3I consider that it is _(harm)for students
22、 to play computer games too much.4Some _(violence)scenes in the film were cut off when it was shown on television.5Our problems have _(multiply)since last year.6The party was going on in a friendly _(atmospheric)7Her name in _(religious) is Sister Mary.8We cant _(existence) without water and food.9Y
23、oull succeed _ time if you keep on working like this.10The government has to close those small factories to prevent the water of the river _ being polluted.【答案】1.fundamental2.Unlike3.harmful4violent5.multiplied6.atmosphere7.religion8exist9.in10.from.完成句子1这个男孩动得太剧烈以至于他父亲抓不住他。The boys moves_his father
24、 cant catch him.2经过多年的努力，他终于成功了。He succeeded_after many years hard work.3大量饮酒对你的健康有害。Drinking too much alcohol_your health.4我是在美国第一次知道这种动物的。It was in America that I knew this kind of animal_.5他的父母不允许他周末外出。His parents_going out on weekends.【答案】1.so violently that2.in time3.is harmful to4.for the firs
25、t time5.prevent him from.阅读理解Of all the planets, none has captured the worlds imagination like Mars.Its reddish color and changes in brightness over time make the planet an unforgettable sight.In Cosmos，the television science series from the 1980s，scientist Carl Sagan talked about some traditional i
26、deas about Mars.Some of these ideas are from the English science fiction writer HG.Wells The War of the Worlds.Others are from the mistaken science of Percival Lowell, the American astronomer who believed intelligent beings lived on Mars.Wells described Martians as threatening.Lowell imagined them a
27、s the hopeful engineers of great works.Carl Sagan said that both ideas influenced the public deeply.Today, Mars continues to excite humansnot as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.Space scientists have collected a wealth of information from spacecrafts that have orbited, landed on
28、 and dug into the Martian surface.The Smithsonians “Mars Day” offered a chance for people of all ages to touch Mars, or at least a piece of it.Allison and Alycia from Silver Spring, Maryland，brought their children, Grace, Sam, Ryan and Emma.They heard about Mars and its geology from experts.They cou
29、ld see a test version of the Viking landers that reached Mars in July of 1976.They also saw meteorites (陨星) known to have come from the red, or reddish planet.Eightyearold Sam learned that the ancient description of Mars as red is not exactly right.He said，“Its actually orangish more than red and it
30、s also kind of brown, too.”Emma is six.She learned about the volcanic activity that has shaped the surface of Mars.She said, “The closest thing to Marsthe stuffis from volcanoes mostly.”“Mars Day” offered Allison and Alycias children a chance to learn more about a world that they are very likely to
31、set foot on within their lifetimes.【语篇解读】在“火星日”，人们可以对火星有更好的了解和认识。1What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?AWhy Martians were considered threatening.BWhy Mars has captured the worlds imagination.CWhat people generally thought of Mars in the past.DHow HG.Wells got the idea for his science fiction.【解析】段落大意题。通
32、读第二段可知，这一段主要是讲人们关于火星的一些传统认识，故选C。【答案】C2It is implied in Paragraph 3 that _.Atodays space scientists still know nothing about MarsBtodays space scientists are very interested in MarsCscience fiction films are no longer set in MarsDspace scientists havent made any progress in knowing Mars【解析】推理判断题。根据第三
33、段的“Today，Mars continues to excite humansnot as the object of science fiction but of scientific study.”以及后一句“Space scientists have collected a wealth of information.”可推断现在的航天科学家们对火星很感兴趣。【答案】B3Sam would probably agree that _.AMars is not really redBno meteorites have come from MarsCMars cannot be desc
34、ribed as a little brownDthe ancient description of Mars color is true【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段的“He said，Its actually orangish more than red and its also kind of brown，too.”可知Sam认为火星并不是红色的，而是橘黄色甚至带点褐色，故选A。【答案】A4What is the writers attitude toward the idea that humans will set foot on Mars?AHe thinks it may hap
35、pen in this year.BHe thinks it will always remain a dream.CHe thinks it will come true within hundreds of years.DHe thinks it may happen in the following decades.【解析】推理判断题。根据末段的“a world that they are very likely to set foot on within their lifetimes”可知作者认为人类在接下来的几十年内就有可能登上火星。【答案】D.完形填空Today we had a
36、n American family, the Robinsons, for Sunday dinner.Mr.Robinson is my mothers coworker.Mr.and Mrs.Robinson and their two young _1_ came at about 6：00 pm.Mrs.Robinson gave Mum a bunch of fresh flowers, _2_ color, freshness and their good will.Mum did the _3_ and it was left to ourselves to get to kno
37、w each other.The two girls Judy and Annie and Xiao Hong had _4_fun with our little cat.Mrs.Robinson is much _5_ than her husband.There was a moment of embarrassment when Granny asked about her _6_.Mum was about to apologize _7_ Mrs.Robinson laughed and said it was quite all right and that she had be
38、en here _8_ enough to know its the Chinese custom.She _9_ told us that she was 32, though her husband was 52.And of course they entirely _10_ the dinner.Like a perfect Chinese hostess, Mum and especially Granny _11_ stuffing(填) them with food and urging them to eat and to drink, apologizing all the
39、time that its a homely meal._12_，Mrs.Robinson said to Mum，“In the West any hostess would be proud of such a feast instead of apologizing for it, and we dont urge the guests to eat or drink._13_ so many good things before me, I certainly dont need any urging.The _14_is how to prevent myself overeatin
40、g.” We all _15_ laughter at that.When they _16_ to leave, they thanked us not only for the excellent dinner, but for giving them such a nice _17_.Besides, they insisted on giving every one of us a hug and a kiss，_18_ did embarrass me.But I think Granny was really _19_ when they kissed her.Its surpri
41、sing how a little good will on both sides can _20_ language and cultural barriers.【语篇解读】作者一家热情招待了来自美国的Robinson一家，双方对对方的美好祝愿打破了语言和文化障碍。1A.sonsBbabiesCdaughtersDfriends【解析】第二段最后一句提到两个女孩Judy和Annie，由此可知Robinson夫妇带来的是两个“女儿”。【答案】C2A.bringingBtakingCfetchingDadding【解析】Robinson夫人送给作者的母亲一束鲜花，“带来”了色彩、清新和他们的美好
42、祝愿。【答案】A3A.decorationBdirectionCintroductionDreception【解析】根据and之后的并列分句可知应该是作者的妈妈作了介绍。【答案】C4A.powerfulBhopefulCspeechlessDendless【解析】三个女孩非常喜欢作者家的小猫，享受着“无穷的”乐趣。【答案】D5A.olderByoungerCthinnerDtaller【解析】根据第三段最后一句可知她比她丈夫“年轻”得多。【答案】B6A.marriageBageCbeliefDsalary【解析】第三段作者讲述了关于“年龄”的小插曲，由第三段最后一句Robinson夫人回答的内
43、容可知当作者的奶奶询问她的“年龄”时，有片刻的尴尬。【答案】B7A.whileBwhenCbutDand【解析】作者的母亲正要道歉，这时Robinson夫人大笑起来，说这没什么。此处when表示“在那时”。【答案】B8A.luckilyBhappilyClongDshort【解析】她在这里已经生活了很“久”，知道这是中国的习俗，因此她并不介意。【答案】C9A.honestlyBgraduallyCexcitedlyDloudly【解析】她“坦率地”说出了自己以及她丈夫的年龄。【答案】A10A.preparedBtastedCenjoyedDswallowed【解析】根据第四段倒数第三句可知客人
44、们非常“喜欢”这顿晚餐。【答案】C11A.continuedBstoppedCsuggestedDkept【解析】作者的妈妈和奶奶不停地让客人们吃东西。keep doing sth.表示“不停地做某事”。【答案】D12A.HoweverBBesidesCThereforeDInstead【解析】根据后面Robinson夫人说的话可知中西方文化的不同之处，空处表示转折关系。【答案】A13A.ForBWithCOverDAs【解析】分析句子结构可知，此处应是with复合结构。【答案】B14A.dangerBpainCquestionDproblem【解析】问题是如何不让自己吃过量。question
45、和problem都可以表示“问题”，但前者表示“疑问”，后者表示“难题；困难”。【答案】D15A.broke outBgave offCburst intoDset out【解析】大家都因此大笑起来。burst into laughter表示“突然大笑起来”。【答案】C16A.cameBhurriedCgotDrose【解析】客人们吃完晚饭后“起身”准备离开。【答案】D17A.day BtimeCmealDgift【解析】因为Robinson一家只是在作者家吃晚餐，故应该只是待了一段时间。【答案】B18A.theyBitCwhichDthat【解析】这里是非限制性定语从句，which指代前面的内容，在从句中作主语。【答案】C19A.touchedBfrightenedCdisappointedDencouraged【解析】当他们亲吻作者的奶奶的时候，作者觉得奶奶真的很感动。【答案】A20A.changeBimproveCdamageDbreak【解析】令人惊奇的是，双方的一个小小的美好祝愿就能“打破”语言和文化障碍。【答案】D
