1、专题四状语从句 知 识 梳 理 一、 时间状语从句连接词用法例句when, while, aswhen既可表示时间段，也可表示时间点，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生或从句的动作先于主句的动作发生When she came in, I stopped eating.When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.while强调主从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在，从句用延续性动词While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.as通常和when通
2、用，另外它还表示“随着，一边一边”You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it.Our headmaster laughed as she spoke.before表示“在之前，还未就，还没来得及就”Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.They had not been married for four months before they
3、were divorced.It will be /was时间段before表示“多久之后才”It will be four days before they come back.sincesince从句中的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，主句的谓语动词用完成时I have been in Beijing since you left.用在“It is时间段since.”中，表示“自从以来已经多长时间了”；since从句中的动词如果是延续性的，则理解为“某一动作已经结束多久了”It is three years since he began to smoke.It has been /is thr
4、ee years since we met last time.until /till用于肯定句，表示主句谓语动词的动作一直持续到某一时间为止We shall wait until /till he comes back.Everything went well until /till that accident happened.用于否定句，构成not.until句型，意为“直到才”I didnt go to bed until I finished my homework.I didnt leave until /till she came back.not until置于句首，主句用部分
5、倒装语序Not until she stopped crying did I leave.用于强调句型：It is /was not until. that.It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.after之后After we had finished the work, we went home.once一旦Once you start, you will never give up.whenever无论何时You are always welcome whenever you come
6、.as soon as，immediately，instantly，directly, theminute /moment充当连词引导时间状语从句，表示主从句的动作同时发生，意为“一就”As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up.They phoned her immediately they reached home.He said hed turn on TV the moment he got home.no sooner.than, hardly /scarcely. when意为“刚就”，no sooner, hardly, scarc
7、ely后用过去完成时， than, when后用一般过去时； no sooner, hardly, scarcely置于句首时，主句要部分倒装He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey.No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to comm
8、ence work.Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.each time，every time，any time, thefirst /last time用作连词，引导时间状语从句，分别意为“每当”，“每次”，“任何时刻”，“第一次/上一次”Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me.You grow younger every time I see you.by the time表示到某一时间为止，主句要用完成时By the time you came back, I had finishe
9、d this book.By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work.二、原因状语从句连接词用法例句becausebecause用来回答why的提问，表示必然的因果关系，语气最强；强调句式中强调原因状语时常用because引导You shouldnt get angry just because some people speak ill of you.It is because we are different that each of us is special.sincesince侧重主句，从句表示显
10、然的或已为人知的理由，意为“因为，既然”；语气比because稍弱，常置于句首Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.asas较口语化，往往是明显的原因，只是对结果的附带说明，常置于句首As it is raining, youd better take a taxi.Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.now thatnow that与since同义，更加突出事实，置于句首时that可省略Now (that)
11、 you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents.in that既然；因为Im lucky in that I have 4 sisters.三、让步状语从句连接词用法例句though /althoughthough /although不能与but连用，但可与yet, still连用； though引导让步状语从句时，从句部分可用倒装语序Although /Though he was exhausted, (still) he kept on working.Though he is a boy, he likes to play w
12、ith girls.Boy as /though he is, he likes to play with girls.asas引导让步状语从句时，从句部分要用倒装语序“adj./adv./n./v.as主语谓语”结构，单数名词前不用冠词Hard as it is raining, Im going out for a walk.Try as he might, he still couldnt lift the big stone.even if /though即使；虽然；纵然，表示语气较强的让步Well make a trip even if /though the weather is
13、bad.while虽然；尽管While I like the style of the coat, I do not like its colour.While I like the colour, I dont like the shape.whether. or.不管还是Youll have to attend the ceremony whether youre free or busy.We will begin our party whether he can come or not.疑问词ever /no matter疑问词“疑问词ever”与“no matter疑问词”引导的让步
14、状语从句，意为“不管，无论”No matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind.其他if any, if ever, if at all等与seldom, few, little, rarely等表示否定意义的词连用时，含有让步意义She seldom, if ever, goes to the pictures.There are few, if any, mistakes in the book.四、目的、结果、地点、条件、方式和比较状语从句连接词用法例句目的状语从句so that
15、, in order that从句中谓语常含有may, might, can, could, will, would等情态动词，当从句与主句主语一致时，可以把从句转换成不定式You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.Say it louder (so) that everyone can hear you.Speak clearly, so that they may understand you.in case, for fear that，lest引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用“(should
16、)do”形式He wrote the name down for fear that he (should) forget it.Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.I am telling you that lest you (should) make a mistake.结果状语从句so /such. that.表示“如此以致于”，引导结果状语从句； so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词，so或such放句首时，主句部分倒装So excited was he that he could not fall into sl
17、eep.He is such an honest person that all his teachers like him.地点状语从句where, whereverwhere, wherever引导地点状语从句，可以指具体地点或抽象地点含义We must camp wherever we can get water.Where there is no rain, farming is difficult or impossible.条件状语从句if, unless, once，when, as /so longas, on condition that，provided /providin
18、g that, assuming that, supposing that等可以引导条件状语从句，表示主句成立的条件If you fail in the exam, you will let him down.Unless it rains, the game will be played.I can tell you the truth on condition that you promise to keep a secret.Supposing something should go wrong, what would you do then?He wont be against us
19、in the meeting provided that we ask for his advice in advance.So long as youre happy, I will be happy.Maths is easy to learn once you understand the rules.当条件句所假设的是不可能实现的条件，或是与事实相反的条件时，主句和从句中的谓语动词都需要使用虚拟语气If I were you, I would go at once.I would have arrived much earlier if I had not been caught in
20、 the traffic.If he should come here tomorrow, I should /would talk to him.方式状语从句as, as if /thoughas, as if /though等可以引导方式状语从句，表示主句动作发生或存在的方式或方法Always do to the others as you would be done by.It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.as if /though引导的方式状语从句若与事实相反，要用虚拟语气They completely ignore th
21、ese facts as if /though they never existed. He looks as if /though he had been hit by lighting. the way像一样Please pronounce the word the way I do.其他A is to B what C is to D意为“A对B而言，正如C对D一样”，是一个固定句型Air is to us what water is to fish.Nine is to three what three is to one. 比较状语从句as /so.as.用于同等程度的比较，否定句用
22、not so/as.as.The work did not go so smoothly as we hoped.as, thanas/than连接的比较状语从句常常省去同主语相同的部分，只留下相比的部分Steel is more useful than iron (is).五、状语从句中时态和省略的几个注意事项状语从句的时态在时间和条件状语从句中由一般现在时代替一般将来时Ill go with you if you are free tomorrow.When the manager comes here for a visit next week, Ill talk with him ab
23、out this.状语从句的省略表示时间、条件、让步、方式等的状语从句中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句主语一致，或其主语是it时，可将主语和be动词一起省略Though (it is) cold, he still wears a shirt.Unless (you are) here, you cant find this kind of plants.When (the museum is) completed, the museum will be open to the public next year.As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.if possible /necessary /so也运用了省略形式If (it is) so, you must go back and get it.If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.
