上海市嘉定区2020届高三英语二模考试试题（含解析）.doc

1、上海市嘉定区2020届高三英语二模考试试题（含解析）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you he

2、ar a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. Customer and salesperson.B. Teacher and student.D. Guest and waitress. C. Boss and secretary.2. A. The program was not interesting en

3、ough.B. She didnt want to listen to the program.C. She had to meet her students.D. The students questions kept her busy.3. A. Help the man with his essay.B. Memorize her lines by herself.C. Wait until the man finishes his essay.D. Ask Sue to help her.D Shopping for running shoes4. A. Practice her pr

4、esentation in front of him.B. Find out who her audience will be.C. Try not to think about her audience.5. A. Writing a term paper.B. Studying for a history test.C. Reading a magazine.D. Watch him make his presentation.6. A. He doesnt like the way Americans speak.B. He speaks English as if he were a

5、native speaker.C. He doesnt mind speaking English with an accent.D. His English is still poor after ten years in America.7. A. The box office is closed today.B. The tickets have been sold out.C. He doesnt want to go to the concert.D. Its too late to buy the morning paper.8. A. He received a good eva

6、luation.B. He enjoyed a wonderful performance. C. Hes getting along well with his supervisor.D. He gave a good performance in the evaluation.9. A. The library is closed on weekends.B. He had no idea where the book was.C. He wasnt allowed to check out the book.D. He didnt get the book he needed.10. A

7、. He cant hear Tom clearly.B. Toms speech is too deep.C. Tom doesnt speak directly.D. Tom doesnt talk about the proposal.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversati

8、on. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following

9、 passage.11. A. He wrote the Superman stories.B. He was the best American journalistC. He was the boss of many newspapers.D. He won prizes for press photography.12. A. It stood up for the common people.B. It made public the wrongdoing of officials.C. It established a famous prize for journalism.D. I

10、t probably provided a model for the Daily Planet13. A. Model newspaper.B. Excellence in journalism.D. Best school of journalism in America.C. Impressive public opinions.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. The fondness for the Ambassador. B. The long history of the Ambas

11、sador.C. The brilliant functions of the Ambassador.D. The stop of the production of the Ambassador.15. A. Low demand and lack of money.B. High price and strong competition.C. Lack of buyers and poor economy.D. Few changes and less competitiveness.16. A. Because the car can operate with ease.B. Becau

12、se the car has a strong steel body.C. Because the car has a very long history.D. Because the car can be fixed at a low cost.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Whether high-quality students can explain concepts clearly.B. Whether schools should adopt gifted educati

13、on programs.C. Whether regular students can benefit from gifted ones.D. Whether parents can do something for the smart kids18. A. They will feel superior to their peers.B. They will focus on assisting their teachers.C. They will get motivated and reach their full potential.D. They will lose the chan

14、ce to tutor their struggling peers.19. A. Gifted education programs are beneficial to some schools here.B. Both slower and advanced learners should receive special education.C. Regular classes discourage bright students motivation due to boredom.D. Gifted programs rob average students of the chance

15、to learn from bright ones.20. A. He has prejudice against regular students.B. He has preference for bright students.C. He is enthusiastic about gifted programs.D. He lacks understanding of gifted students. Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blank

16、s to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper from of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Long-term low self-esteem can cause depressionLow self-esteem makes us feel bad about o

17、urselves. But did you know that over time it also can cause the development of serious mental conditions such as depression?Self-esteem is, very simply, the set of feelings you have about yourself. Its developed by your experiences, thoughts, feelings, and relationships. _1_ self-knowledge, which re

18、fers to how much you know about yourself, self-esteem is formed around whether you like yourself or not. Depression is much more than just feeling sad. It drains your energy and makes everyday activities difficult. Doctors use low self-esteem as one possible symptom _2_ they diagnose the mental cond

19、ition of major depressive disorder. They dont necessarily care _3_ low self-esteem causes the depression or vice versa. However personality researchers have long wondered about the chicken-and-egg problem of self-esteem and depression. Certainly, if you dislike yourself, youll be more likely _4_ (de

20、press). On the other hand, if youre depressed, youll be more likely to feel bad about yourself. The only way that _5_ (employ) to explore the highly related concepts of self-esteem and depression is through continuous research, _6_ people are followed up over time. A study on depression conducted by

21、 University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth, _7_ (contrast) the competing directions of self-esteem to depression vs depression to self-esteem. The findings have revealed that over time low self-esteem is a risk factor for depression, regardless of who is tested and how. The study

22、 indicates that low self-esteem causes depression _8_ not vice versa. Therefore, if a person has low self-esteem, theres a _9_ (great) risk of developing depression. This is a very important discovery because it shows that _10_ (improve) a persons self-esteem can make him or her feel better.【答案】1. U

23、nlike 2. when 3. whether 4. to be depressed 5. is employed 6. in which 7. contrasted 8. but 9. greater 10. improving【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员进行了一项研究，对比了自尊对抑郁症和抑郁症对自尊的影响，结果发现：低自尊是抑郁的一个风险因素，低自尊会导致抑郁，但反之亦然。提高一个人的自尊可以让他或她感觉更好。【1题详解】考查介词。句意：自知之明指的是你对自己的了解程度，与之不同的是，自尊是在你是否喜欢自己的周围形成的。根据self-esteem is formed aro

24、und whether you like yourself or not可知此处要用表示转折的介词，unlike“与不同”符合。故填Unlike。【2题详解】考查连词。句意：医生在诊断重性抑郁症的精神状态时，可能会将低自尊作为一种可能的症状。根据they diagnose the mental condition of major depressive disorder可知此处要用表示时间的连词，when“在时候”符合。故填when。【3题详解】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：他们并不一定关心是自卑导致了抑郁还是抑郁导致了自卑。根据dont necessarily care和or vice ver

25、sa可知此处要用whether引导宾语从句，短语whetheror“是还是”。故填whether。【4题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：当然，如果你不喜欢自己，你更有可能抑郁。固定短语be likely to do sth.“有可能做某事”，根据be more likely可知此处要用动词的不定式，depressed是形容词。故填to be depressed。【5题详解】考查动词的时态和语态。句意：探索自尊与抑郁高度相关概念的唯一方法是通过持续的研究，随着时间的推移对人们进行跟踪。根据and depression is through continuous research可知时态是一般现在时；分

26、析句子成分可知，此处是一个由that引导的定语从句，先行词是The only way，关系词that在定语从句中充当主语，因此谓语要用单数形式，且employ与that之间是被动的关系，因此要用被动语态。故填is employed。【6题详解】考查非限制性定语从句的关系词。句意：探索自尊与抑郁高度相关概念的唯一方法是通过持续的研究，随着时间的推移对人们进行跟踪。分析句子成分可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是research，且根据people are followed up over time可知此处缺少了地点状语，因此要用关系副词in which。故填in which。【7题详解】考

27、查动词的时态。句意：巴塞尔大学的研究人员Julia Sowislo和Ulrich Orth对抑郁症进行了一项研究，对比了自尊对抑郁症和抑郁症对自尊的影响。根据A study on depression conducted by University of Basel researchers Julia Sowislo and Ulrich Orth可知此处缺少谓语动词，且时态是一般过去时。故填contrasted。【8题详解】考查连词。句意：研究表明，低自尊会导致抑郁，但反之亦然。根据not vice versa可知此处要用表示对比转折的连词，but“但是”符合。故填but。【9题详解】考查形

28、容词的比较级。句意：因此，如果一个人的自尊心较低，那么他患抑郁症的风险就更大。根据risk可知此处要用形容词修饰名词，且由if a person has low self-esteem可知要用形容词的比较级。故填greater。【10题详解】考查动名词。句意：这是一个非常重要的发现，因为它表明，提高一个人的自尊可以让他或她感觉更好。根据shows可知此句是由that引导的宾语从句，分析宾语从句的成分可知，can make是谓语，因此此处要用动名词做主语。故填improving。【点睛】第5小题考查了一般现在时的被动语态。一般现在时的被动语态，其肯定句的结构为：主语（动作接受者）+is/am/a

29、re+动词的过去分词+by+动作执行者。如：Football is played in most countries in the world.The boy is called Jack.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. Put down the phone and live in the momentHav

30、e you ever unintentionally left your phone at home and wondered how you would get through the day? Baylor College of Medicines Dr. Jin Han explains why this might be a sign that you need to put down your phone more often. “There has been a(n) _11_ in technology as our phones have gone from just regu

31、lar cell phones to smart phones that allow you to multitask all with one device,” said Han, assistant professor at Baylor. “You use your phone now to receive emails, to text and chat and to access social media platforms - _12_ your phone may be your connection to your social life.”Although they offe

32、r many advantages, Han cautions that using your smart devices can be harmful if you use them too much. For example, using your smart phone while driving, or even walking, can cause serious accidents. Also, staring at your screen for too long can be harmful to your _13_. Being _14_ too long to your p

33、hone also can impact the quality of your relationships, he said. If you are on your phone constantly and not _15_ with those around you, it can take away from your relationships with your family and friends. In addition, if you are using your phone too much in front your children, then they will lik

34、ely follow your lead and use their own smart devices rather than _16_ with you. “ In the end, the question is how you balance using your phone while not negatively _17_ your health.” Han said. “Anything that you are doing to the _18_ is no healthy anymore. While it is going to be almost impossible n

35、ot to use this technology, we have t create a behavior that is healthy.”To help _19_ the time you spend on your phone, Han offered the following tips: Limit the time spent on your phone: Set up certain time that you allow yourself to be on the phone. Do not use your phone at night: Being on your pho

36、ne late into the night can make it harder for you to fall asleep and wake up the next day. Restricting your phone use at night can help you _20_ a healthy sleep behavior.【答案】11. I 12. G 13. E 14. A 15. J 16. B 17. K 18. H 19. F 20. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。贝勒大学的助理教授韩教授认为手机等智能设备尽管有很多优点，但是如果过度使用智能设备，可能会有害。建议我们放下手

37、机，活在当下。【11题详解】考查名词。句意：贝勒大学的助理教授韩教授说:“随着我们的手机从普通的手机发展到允许你在一台设备上同时处理多项任务的智能手机，科技已经有了很大的进步。”根据a(n)可知此处要用可数名词的单数形式，evolution“演变，进化”符合题意。故选I。【12题详解】考查副词。句意：“你现在用手机来接收电子邮件、发短信、聊天，以及访问社交媒体平台从本质上讲，你的手机可能是你社交生活的纽带。”根据your phone may be your connection to your social life可知此处要用副词修饰句子，essentially“本质上，基本上”符合题意。故

38、选G。【13题详解】考查名词。句意：此外，长时间盯着屏幕也会损害你的视力。根据your可知此处要用名词，vision“视力”符合题意。故选E。【14题详解】考查动词的过去分词。句意：他说，长时间看手机也会影响人际关系的质量。根据also can impact可知此处要用过去分词构成主语部分，固定短语be exposed to“暴露于”，因此exposed符合题意。故选A。【15题详解】考查动词的过去分词。句意：如果你一直在打电话，不与周围的人交流，这会影响你与家人和朋友的关系。根据you are on your phone constantly可知此处要用短语be engaged with“从

39、事（某事），与接洽”，因此engaged符合题意。故选J。【16题详解】考查动词的现在分词。句意：此外，如果你在孩子面前使用手机的时间太长，那么他们很可能会跟着你，使用他们自己的智能设备，而不是与你互动。根据rather than可知此处要用动词-ing形式，interacting“互动”符合题意。故选B。【17题详解】考查动词的现在分词。句意：“最后，问题是如何在不影响健康的情况下平衡地使用手机。”韩说。根据while可知此处要用动词的现在分词形式，impacting“影响”符合题意。故选K。【18题详解】考查形容词。句意：你做的任何极端的事情都是不健康的。根据the可知此处要用形容词，ex

40、treme“极端的”符合题意。故选H。【19题详解】考查动词。句意：为了平衡花在手机上的时间，韩提出了以下建议。根据To help可知此处要用动词原形，balance“平衡”符合题意。故选F。【20题详解】考查动词。句意：限制晚上使用手机可以帮助你实现健康的睡眠行为。根据can help you可知此处要用动词的原形，implement“实现，完成”符合题意。故选C。. Reading Comprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrase

41、s marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The scent of coffee appears to enhance performance in mathDrinking coffee has benefits. _21_ the physical improvement, coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease. Coffee may even help us live longer. Now,

42、 research also reveals that the scent（气味）of coffee may help people perform better on the analytical portion of the Graduate Management Aptitude Test, or GMAT, a computer adaptive test _22_ by many business schools. The work, led by famous professor Adriana Madzharov, not only _23_ the hidden force o

43、f scent and the cognitive（认知）improvement it may provide on analytical tasks, but also expectation that students will perform better on those tasks. Madzharov, with his colleagues, recently published their findings. “Its not just that the coffee-like scent helped people perform better on analytical t

44、asks, which was already _24_,” says Madzharov. “But they also thought they would do better, and we demonstraded that this expectation was at least partly _25_ their improved performance.” _26_, smelling a coffee - like scent, which has no caffeine in it, has an effect similar to that of drinking cof

45、fee, suggesting a placebo（安慰剂）effect of coffee scent. Madzharovs team tested 100 undergraduate business students, divided into two groups, with GMAT algebra questions. One group took the test in the _27_ of a coffee - like scent, while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room. T

46、hey found that the group in the coffee-smelling room scored significantly higher on the test. Madzharovs team wanted to know more. Could the first groups performance in quick thinking be explained, in part, by an expectation that a coffee scent would increase _28_ and consequently improve performanc

47、e?The team designed a follow-up survey, conducted among more than 200 new participants, quizzing them on _29_ about various scents and their effects on human performance. Participants believed that they would feel more alert and energetic in the presence of a coffee scent, in contrast with a flower

48、scent or no scent; and that _30_ to coffee scent would increase their performance on mental tasks. The results suggest that _31_ about performance can be explained by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic. Madzharov is now looking to explore whether coffee-like scents

49、 can have a(n) _32_ placebo effect on other types of performance, such as verbal reasoning. She also says that the finding - that coffee - like scent acts as a placebo for analytical reasoning performance - has many practical _33_, including several for business. “Sense of smelling is one of our mos

50、t powerful senses,” says Madzharov. “Employers, architects, building developers, retail space managers and others, can use scents to help _34_ employees or occupants experience with their environment. Its an area of great interest and _35_.”21. A. In contrast toB. Contrary toC. In addition toD. Equi

51、valent to22. A. acquiredB. requiredC. justifiedD. inquired23. A. distributesB. stimulatesC. dominatesD. highlights24. A. encouragingB. imposingC. conflictingD. challenging25. A. characterized byB. called forC. responsible forD. typical of26. A. In shortB. By comparisonC. In particularD. After all27.

52、 A. lackB. , shiftC. withdrawalD. presence28 A. comprehensionB. alertnessC. conscienceD. context29. A. evidenceB. definitionC. symptomD. belief30. A. adaptationB. commitmentC. exposureD. alternative31. A. implicationB. expectationC. indicationD. illustration32. A. similarB. concreteC. modifiedD. est

53、imated33. A. simplificationB. descriptionC. resignationD. application34. A. enhanceB. evaluateC. exploitD. prospect35. A. negotiationB. priorityC. potentialD. strategy【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. D 28. B 29. D 30. C 31. B 32. A 33. D 34. A 35. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，咖啡的香味似乎能提高数学成绩。这一发现

54、还能应用到许多商业上。【21题详解】考查（介词）短语词义辨析。句意：除了身体上的改善，咖啡还可以降低我们患心脏病的风险。A. In contrast to与形成对照；B. Contrary to违反，与相反；C. In addition to另外，除之外；D. Equivalent to等于，相当于。根据coffee may reduce our risk of heart disease可知此处表示除了身体上的改善还有其他好处。故选C。【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，研究还显示，咖啡的香味可能有助于人们在研究生管理能力测试(Graduate Management Aptitude

55、 Test，简称GMAT)的分析部分表现得更好，GMAT是许多商学院要求的计算机适应性测试。A. acquired取得，获得；B. required需要，要求；C. justified调整；D. inquired询问，问明。根据a computer adaptive test可知此处表示GMAT是许多商学院要求的计算机适应性测试。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这项由著名教授Adriana Madzharov领导的研究，不仅强调了气味的隐藏力量，以及它可能在分析任务中提供的认知改善，而且还期望学生在这些任务中会表现得更好。A. distributes分配；B. stimulate

56、s刺激，鼓舞；C. dominates控制，统治；D. highlights使突出，强调。根据the hidden force of scent and the cognitive improvement可知此处表示强调之意。故选D。【24题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Madzharov说：“这不仅仅是因为咖啡的香味可以帮助人们更好地完成分析任务，这已经是令人鼓舞的了。”A. encouraging令人鼓舞的；B. imposing壮观的；C. conflicting相矛盾的，冲突的；D. challenging挑战的。根据上文helped people perform better可知此

57、处表示这结果是令人鼓舞的。故选A。【25题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：“但他们也认为自己会做得更好，我们证明，这种预期至少在一定程度上是他们表现的改善的原因。”A. characterized by以为特征；B. called for呼叫，打电话给；C. responsible for是的原因，为负责；D. typical of典型的。根据their improved performance可知此处表示这种预期至少在一定程度上是他们表现的改善的原因。故选C。【26题详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：简而言之，闻一种不含咖啡因的类似咖啡的气味，其效果与喝咖啡的效果相似，表明咖啡气味具有安慰

58、剂效应。A. In short总之，简言之；B. By comparison相比之下，比较起来；C. In particular尤其，特别；D. After all毕竟。根据has an effect similar to that of drinking coffee可知此处是表示结论的短语。故选A。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：其中一组在有咖啡香味的房间里做测试，而另一组在没有香味的房间里做同样的测试。A. lack缺乏，不足；B. shift转移，改变；C. withdrawal撤退，收回；D. presence存在，出席。根据while a control group took

59、 the same test - but in an unscented room可知此处表示这一组是在有咖啡香味的房间里做测试。故选D。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一组人在快速思考方面的表现，在某种程度上讲，是否可以用一种期望来解释，即咖啡香味会提高警觉性，从而改善表现？A. comprehension理解，包含；B. alertness警觉；C. conscience良心；D. context环境，上下文。根据and consequently improve performance可知此处表示咖啡香味会提高警觉性。故选B。【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：该团队设计了一项后

60、续调查，对200多名新参与者进行了调查，询问他们对各种气味的看法及其对人类表现的影响。A. evidence证据；B. definition定义；C. symptom症状；D. belief信念，相信，信赖。根据about various scents可知此处用belief表示对各种气味的看法。故选D。【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：参与者认为，与有花香或没有花香相比，他们在有咖啡香味的环境中会更加警觉和精力充沛；而暴露在咖啡气味中会提高他们在脑力活动中的表现。A. adaptation适应；B. commitment承诺，保证；C. exposure暴露，曝光；D. alternati

61、ve替代品。根据下文by beliefs that coffee scent alone makes people more alert and energetic可知此处表示暴露在咖啡气味中会提高他们在脑力活动中的表现。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究结果表明，人们对工作表现的预期可以用这样的信念来解释：仅仅是咖啡的香味就能让人更加警觉和精力充沛。A. implication含义，暗示；B. expectation期望；C. indication指示，指出；D. illustration说明。根据上文and we demonstraded that this expecta

62、tion was at least partly可知此处表示预期。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Madzharov现在正在研究类似咖啡的气味是否会对其他类型的表现产生类似的安慰剂效应，比如语言推理。A. similar相似的；B. concrete具体的，实在的；C. modified改进的，修改的；D. estimated估计的，预计的。根据placebo effect on other types of performance可知此处表示相似的。故选A。【33题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她还表示，这一发现类似咖啡的气味可以作为分析推理能力的安慰剂有许多实际应用，包括一

63、些商业应用。A. simplification简单化；B. description描述，描写；C. resignation辞职，放弃；D. application应用。根据including several for business可知此处表示商业的应用。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：雇主、建筑师、建筑开发商、零售空间经理和其他人都可以使用气味来帮助增强员工或居住者对环境的体验。A. enhance增加，提高；B. evaluate评价，估价；C. exploit开发，开拓；D. prospect勘探，勘察。根据上文“Sense of smelling is one of ou

64、r most powerful senses,” says Madzharov.可知此处表示可以使用气味来帮助增强员工或居住者对环境的体验。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个极具吸引力和潜力的领域。A. negotiation谈判，转让；B. priority优先；C. potential潜能；D. strategy策略。根据great interest可知此处表示是极具吸引力和潜力的领域。故选C。【点睛】完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来学会“推理”出最佳选项。同学们要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如，第4小题要求这个结果是什么样的，根据上文helped pe

65、ople perform better可知此处表示这结果是令人鼓舞的。故选A项。第7小题要求判断这一组是在有无咖啡香味的房间里做测试，根据while a control group took the same test - but in an unscented room可知此处表示这一组是在有咖啡香味的房间里做测试。故选D项。Section BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each

66、 of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end up caring more about their image than the reality of who they act

67、ually are. Rather than their work doing the talking, they end up defining themselves by external markers that they hope will earn them respect. The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant measure. For example,

68、 one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. Therefore, a better way to know a person, I think, is to ask a different set of questions: What motivates them? What makes them ache? What do they long for?Its in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. They

69、are the compass(罗盘) that guides my life. The kindest and most sincere thing I can do is to see, recognize, and understand another person before I make judgments. From there, I can learn to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. Its j

70、ust a reminder that life is hard for all of us, while at the same time accepting that its important we are all also held accountable for our actions. I have learned that we are all deeply self-interested. I hope to be self-aware enough to check out of the power and status games. That means Im not co

71、mpeting with anyone for a shiny object; Id rather compete with myself. Its about becoming so uniquely different that it would be an insult for me to measure myself against someone else. I believe if I do the work to be internally free from the pull of the power and status games, then I can add value

72、 to others bused on my unique knowledge and experience. If this resonates with(与共鸣) you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. Its a wonderful mystery, and I think together we can better define it - not just personally, but also collectively.36.

73、 According to the article, which of the following is TRUE?A. The external markers are better ways to know a person.B. People generally judge others worth by what they have achieved.C. The author is someone who is keen on power games.D. Learning from mistakes is the first step of treating others kind

74、ly.37. What does the underlined word “overshadow” probably mean?A. be relatively similar toB. cause something to be stronger thanC. make something less importantD. block off light from something38. What of the following might the author agree with?A. Life is hard, so we shouldnt criticize others whe

75、n they are not responsible.B. One should overcome self-interest in order to judge others objectively.C. Everyone is unique, so showing off uniqueness is an insult to others.D. One should see and understand another person using a real compass.39. Why does the author write the article?A. To promote ha

76、rmonious living.B. To ask people not to judge others.C. To call on readers to learn his values.D. To share his values of understanding the world.【答案】36. B 37. C 38. B 39. D【解析】这是一篇议论文。作者在文章中分享了他理解世界的价值观。【36题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中People generally see themselves through achievements. In doing that, they end

77、up caring more about their image than the reality of who they actually are.人们通常通过成就来看待自己。这样做的结果是，他们更在意自己的形象，而不是他们真正是谁。可知，人们通常根据别人的成就来判断他们的价值。故选B项。【37题详解】词义猜测题。根据第二段中The problem with this is that it encourages both themselves and other people to judge their worth based on some relatively unimportant

78、measure. For example, one day, their educational diploma may overshadow what they actually learned. 这样做的问题在于，它会鼓励自己和他人根据一些相对不重要的标准来判断自己的价值。例如，有一天，他们的教育文凭可能会_他们真正学到的东西。由根据一些相对不重要的标准来判断自己的价值，且真正学到的东西比教育文凭重要，因此猜测划线词overshadow意为“掩盖，认为更显眼”，也就是使真正学习到的东西没那么重要。故选C项。【38题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中From there, I can learn

79、 to treat others appropriately, depending on the context, learning from my mistakes with time and experience. 从那里，我可以学会适当地对待别人，根据语境，从我的错误中学习与时间和经验。可知，为了客观地评价他人，一个人应该超越自身利益。故选B项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段中Its in this spirit that I want to publicly share my values. 正是本着这种精神，我想公开分享我的价值观；以及最后一段中If this resonate

80、s with（与共鸣）you, I invite you to join me on this journey in understanding and relating to this complex world. 如果这与你产生共鸣，我邀请你加入我理解和联系这个复杂世界的旅程。可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是分享他理解世界的价值观。故选D项。(B)The Elementary Science Fair Planning GuideThe most helpful, scientific, kid-friendly science Fair project planner known to ki

81、ds.A Model, Display or Collection:Shows how something works in the real world, but doesnt really test anything. Examples of display or collection projects can be: “The Solar System,” “Types of Dinosaurs,” “My Coin Collection.”Examples of models might be: “How a Tornado Forms” or “How an Electric Mot

82、or Works”. An Experiment: Lots of information is given, but it also has a project that shows testing being done and the gathering of data. Examples of experiments can be: “The Effects of Detergent（洗衣粉）on the Growth of Plants” or “Which Paper Towel is more Absorbent”. You can tell you have an experim

83、ent if you are testing something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen. Even though you can learn a lot from building a model or display, we recommend that you do an experiment! Why? Well, they are fun, they are more interesting and most of all, they take you through the S

84、CIENTIFIC METHOD, which is the way real scientists investigate in real science labs. Besides that, the scientific method is what the judges are looking for!40. Which of the following science projects might be recommended by the guide?A. How swallows build their nests.B. What the solar system consist

85、s of.C. The three dances bees use to communicate.D. What structure can hold the most amount of weight.41. According to the guide, which of the following is TRUE?A. A model or a display is a great choice for the science fair.B. A hypothesis goes before a Question in doing an experiment.C. What tells

86、an experiment from a model is whether to test something.D. The judges will instruct the scientific method before the science fair.42. Who will be most interested in reading this guide?A. Undergraduate students.B. Parents who have young kids.C. Staff working in the science labs.D. Judges invited to a

87、 science fair.【答案】40. D 41. C 42. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了基本科学展览的规划的一些活动。【40题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中Shows how something works in the real world, but doesnt really test anything. 显示了在现实世界中如何工作，但并没有真正测试任何东西。可知，选项D“什么结构能承受最多的重量？”可由本指南建议操作。故选D项。【41题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段中You can tell you have an experiment if you are testing

88、 something several times and changing a variable（变量）to see what will happen. 你可以说你有一个实验，如果你正在测试了几次某样东西，改变一个变量，看看会发生什么。可知，从模型中得出的实验结论是否要测试某些东西。故选C项。【42题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中The most helpful, scientific, kid-friendly science Fair project planner known to kids. 最有益的，科学的，儿童友好的科学展会项目策划人会让孩子知道。可知，有小孩的父母会对阅读本指南感

89、兴趣。故选B项。(C)Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested. But experts say the study also shows that the benefits fade once exercise declines. “If you maintain an active lifestyle or participate in

90、 some sort of exercise from youth to middle age, you can reduce your risk for dying,” said Dr. Pedro Saint-Maurice, the lead author of the research. “If you are not active and you get to your 40s - 50s and you decide to become active, you can still enjoy a lot of those benefits.”The study was based

91、on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire(问卷) in the late-1990s. They were asked to recall the extent of their moderate to vigorous leisure exercise at different stages of their life. Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up t

92、o the end of 2016. After taking into account factors including age, sex, smoking and diet, the team found that those who were exercising into middle age had a lower risk of death than those who had never carried out any leisure exercise. However, when the team looked at different patterns in the way

93、 people were active over their life, it found a surprise. Men and women who started exercising at the age of 40 - 50 reduced their risk of death from any cause by about 35%. The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards. H

94、owever, the study found that the protective effect of exercise did not last forever. People whose levels of leisure exercise decreased by middle age had no difference in the risk of an early death to those who had always been couch potatoes. “If you have been active and you slowly decrease your exer

95、cise participation as you age, you lose a lot of the benefits that we know are associated with exercise,” Saint - Maurice said. But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling how active they were many years before. Whats more, the research looked only at death rec

96、ords, not other aspects of health such as levels of sickness and disease. Nonetheless, he said, the message was positive. “This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exercise across he life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”43. Whi

97、ch of the following is TRUE about the study?A. The study took about two decades to complete.B. The study involved around 30,000 elderly Americans.C. Questionnaires and interviews were the sources of data.D. The participants in the study took regular physical exercise.44. According to the passage, wh

98、at does “a surprise” (Para.3) refer to?A. The earlier you exercise, the greater your health benefits will be.B Participating in exercise from youth to middle age benefits ones health greatly.C. The benefit of getting active in midlife is similar to that of starting young.D. The benefits of exercisin

99、g in midlife will decline once you stop exercising.45. It can be inferred from the passage that _.A. an active lifestyle will not necessarily bring positive health benefits.B. participants memories may affect the reliability of the study resultC. people exercising from their teens can maintain healt

100、h foreverD. women benefit more from vigorous exercise than men do46. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. Exercise has its limitations, studies showB. Getting active when young, experts suggestC. Health benefits fade with age, doctors warnD. Never too old to start, resear

101、chers say【答案】43. A 44. C 45. B 46. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，中年时期锻炼起来可能和年轻开始一样有益，四五十岁开始锻炼仍然可以享受到很多好处。提出开始锻炼的时间永远都不晚。【43题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中The study was based on data from more than 300,000 Americans aged 50 - 71 who undertook a questionnaire（问卷）in the late-1990s.这项研究基于30多万5071岁的美国人的数据，他们在上世纪90年代末进行了一项问卷调查。以及

102、Researchers then used national records to track who died in the years up to the end of 2016. 然后，研究人员利用国家记录追踪到2016年底的死亡人数。可知，这项研究花了大约20年时间才完成。故选A项。【44题详解】词义猜测题。根据第四段中The benefit was similar to that seen for people who reached and maintained similar activity from their teens or 20s onwards. 这种益处与那些从十几

103、岁或二十几岁就开始进行锻炼并保持类似活动的人所能看到的相似。由研究结果，可知，“a surprise”指的是在中年活动起来的好处与年轻时开始活动的好处相似。故选C项。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中But the study has limitations, including that it is based on individuals recalling how active they were many years before. 但这项研究也有局限性，包括它是基于个人回忆他们多年前有多活跃。可知，从文章中可以推断，参与者的记忆可能会影响研究结果的可靠性。故选B项。【46题详解

104、】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Getting active in midlife could be as good for you as starting young when it comes to reducing the risk of an early death, researchers have suggested. 研究人员表示，在减少早逝风险方面，中年活跃起来可能和年轻开始一样有益。以及最后一段中“This adds to the growing body of evidence about the importance of physical activity and exerc

105、ise across he life course, and indicates that it is never too late to start.”“越来越多的证据表明，体育活动和锻炼在人的一生中非常重要，这进一步证明了这一点，并表明无论何时开始都不晚。”通读全文，可知，本文主要是讲述了研究人员发现中年时期锻炼起来可能和年轻开始一样有益，四五十岁开始锻炼仍然可以享受到很多好处。开始锻炼的时间永远都不晚。因此本文的最佳标题“研究人员说，开始锻炼永远不晚”符合题意。故选D项。Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in ea

106、ch blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Ecotourism can put wild animals at riskEcotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. _47_ There travelers visit natural environments to fund cons

107、ervation efforts or promote local economies. Now, scientists have analyzed more than 100 research studies on how ecotourism affects wild animals. They find the presence of humans changes the way animals behave, and those changes may put them at risk. Therefore, they concluded that such trips can be

108、harmful to the animals. When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans, they may let down their guard. _48_. If this transfers to their interactions with predators（捕食者）, they are more likely to be injured or killed. The presence of humans can also discourage natural predators. It creates a

109、 kind of safe place for smaller animals that may make them bolder. For example, in Grand Teton National Park, elk and pronghorns in areas with more tourists are less alert and spend more time eating. _49_ “If animals become accustomed to tourists and if tourism practices enhance this taming, we migh

110、t create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species function in its community,” the researchers write. Ecotourism has effects similar to those of animal domestication and urbanization. Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes beco

111、me more obedient and less fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger. _50_Scientists hope the new analysis will encourage more research into the interactions between people and wildlife. It is essential to develop further understanding of how various

112、 species in various situations respond to human interaction and under what conditions human exposure may place them at risk.A. As animals learn to relax in the presence of humans, they may become bolder in other situations.B. This massive amount of ecotourism can be one of the drivers of rapid envir

113、onmental change.C. The phenomena result from evolutionary changes, but also from regular interactions with humans.D. Do not import or release living animals or plants into the wild that could harm native species.E. In many cases it involves close interaction with wildlife.F. Interacting with people

114、can cause great change in the characteristics of various species over time.【答案】47. E 48. A 49. F 50. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。科学家们通过分析了100多项关于生态旅游如何影响野生动物的研究，发现生态旅游会使野生动物处于危险之中。科学家们希望新的分析将鼓励更多关于人类和野生动物之间的相互作用的研究。【47题详解】根据上一句Ecotourism has become increasingly popular in recent years. 近年来，生态旅游越来越受欢迎。可知，此处内容与生

115、态旅游内容有关，选项E“在许多情况下，它涉及与野生动物的密切互动。”符合题意。故选E。【48题详解】根据上一句When animals interact in seemingly kind ways with humans, they may let down their guard. 当动物以看似友善的方式与人类互动时，它们可能会放松警惕。可知，此处内容与动物放松警惕后的行为有关，选项A“当动物学会在人类面前放松时，它们在其他情况下可能会变得更大胆。”符合题意。故选A。【49题详解】根据下文“If animals become accustomed to tourists and if to

116、urism practices enhance this taming, we might create unintended consequences - affecting the behavior or population of a species and influencing the species function in its community,” the researchers write. 研究人员写道：“如果动物习惯了游客，如果旅游活动加强了这种驯化，我们可能会产生意想不到的后果影响一个物种的行为或种群，并影响该物种在其群落中的功能。”可知，此处内容与动物与人类的互动带

117、来的后果有关，选项F“随着时间的推移，与人类的互动会导致各种物种的特征发生巨大的变化。”符合题意。故选F。【50题详解】根据上文Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and less fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger. 研究表明，家养的银狐变得更听话，更不害怕。狐狸松鼠和生活在城市地区的鸟类逃避危险的速度较慢。可知，此处内容与解释上文动物的两

118、种不同的表现有关，选项C“这种现象是进化变化的结果，但也来自与人类的定期互动。”符合题意。故选C。【点睛】七选五的解题技巧之一是根据上下文词汇来锁定线索。即：要关注空白前后的名词和动词，然后在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。其次是一些专有名词，比如说数词、代词、时间、年代、地点/名称等。在本文中，选项E中的代词“it”指的是第1小题中上一句的Ecotourism，故选E项；选项C中的The phenomena指的是第4小题上文Research has shown that domesticated silver foxes become more obedient and l

119、ess fearful. Fox squirrels and birds that live in urbanized areas are slower to flee from danger，故选C项。. Summary Writing 51.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. High level

120、of deforestation continuesWe are all aware of the threats our planet is facing. Experts agree that its mainly us humans who are responsible for the destruction of the environment. One of the most destructive activities we are carrying out is cutting down forests - deforestation. This is done for man

121、y reasons, such as providing wood for fuel, making land available for housing or for crating space for more cattle to graze(吃草) on. This has been most noticeable in Brazil, which is home to the worlds largest rainforest. Deforestation there has hit its highest rate in a decade, according to official

122、 data. Over the course of a year, an area about five times the size of London has been destroyed. The amount of deforestation in the Amazon and in other tropical(热带的) regions has actually seen a decline but the figures are still large. Global Forest Watch say that in 2018, an area equivalent to 30 f

123、ootball fields were cut down every minute. Frances Seymour from the World Resources Institute says that “If you look back over the last 18 years, it is clear that the overall trend is still upwards. We are nowhere near winning this battle.”Whats special about places like the Amazon is that they are

124、primary forests which exist in their original condition with some species of trees dating back thousands of years. This habitat is home to unique and rare animals and is critical for sustaining biodiversity(生物多样性). The BBCs environment correspondent, Matt McGrath, says “These old forests really matt

125、er as stores of carbon dioxide, which is way the loss of 3.6 million hectares in 2018 is concerning.”Brazil has taken some steps to try and decrease deforestation by introducing government policies including fines for breaking land use regulations and illegal logging. And International campaigns to

126、stop the trade of soy and beef farmed on deforested parts of the Amazon have also had a significant impact.【答案】The most serious environmental destruction from humans is deforestation, which is most severe in Brazil. Although declining in tropical regions, the figures of deforestation are still large

127、 and the trend is continuing.Primary forests are important because of biodiversity and carbon dioxide storage. Brazil has taken measures to decrease deforestation and international campaigns have also joined in the effort.【解析】【分析】文章的主要结构为总-分。主要讲在热带地区森林砍伐仍在继续，巴西最为严重。符合概要写作常规出题思路。【详解】第一段讲述人类对森林砍伐破坏了环境

128、，在巴西最为严重。可以用到的词汇或句型有：environmental destruction；deforestation；most severe；Brazil等；第二段讲述亚马逊和其他热带地区的森林砍伐量实际上有所下降，但数字仍然很大。可以用到的词汇或句型有：tropical regions；decline；the figures等；第三段讲述原始森林很重要，对维持生物多样性至关重要，也具有二氧化碳储存的能力。可以用到的词汇或句型有：primary forests；sustain；biodiversity；stores；carbon dioxide等；第四段讲述巴西政府已经采取了一些措施，国际

129、运动也加入了这一努力。可以用到的词汇或句型有：Brazil；take measures；deforestation；international campaigns等。范文中还运用了定语从句The most serious environmental destruction from humans is deforestation, which is most severe in Brazil. 以及状语从句Although declining in tropical regions, the figures of deforestation are still large and the tr

130、end is continuing.Primary forests are important because of biodiversity and carbon dioxide storage. . Translation Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 应该高度重视对这种常见病的预防。(importance)53. 我们看似正常的行为也许会冒犯其他地方的人。(seem)54. 在科学家和医护人员共同努力下，治疗方法日趋

131、完善，感染病毒的人数大幅下降。(so that)55. 短短两周，300多节精心设计的网课如期上线，并大受赞誉，这使他确信互联网将加速教学改革。(convince)【答案】52. Great importance should be attached to the prevention of this common disease. 53. A behavior that seems normal to us is likely to/may offend people elsewhere.What seems to be a normal behavior may offend people

132、 elsewhere. 54. With the joint efforts/Thanks to the combined efforts of scientists and medical staff, treatment methods have (been) increasingly improved so that the number of people(who were) infected with the virus has greatly decreased/has dropped significantly. 55. In just two weeks/ within two

133、 weeks, more than 300 well-designed online courses were launched on schedule and have received great praise, which has convinced/ convinces him that the Internet will speed up the teaching reform.【解析】【52题详解】考查名词。分析句子可知，时态是一般现在时，且要用被动语态；主语为Great importance，谓语为should be attached to，宾语为the prevention o

134、f this common disease。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：Great importance should be attached to the prevention of this common disease。【53题详解】考查系动词。分析句子可知，主语为A behavior，谓语为is likely to/may offend， that seems normal to us是定语从句，先行词是A behavior。或者可以由what引导的主语从句，谓语为may offend，再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：A behavior that seems normal to us

135、 is likely to/may offend people elsewhere或What seems to be a normal behavior may offend people elsewhere。【54题详解】考查结果状语从句的引导词。“在共同努力下”可以用短语“With the joint efforts/Thanks to the combined efforts of”；so that引导的是结果状语从句，从句的主语为the number of people，(who were) infected with the virus是一个定语从句，先行词是people，谓语为ha

136、s greatly decreased/has dropped。再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：With the joint efforts/Thanks to the combined efforts of scientists and medical staff, treatment methods have (been) increasingly improved so that the number of people(who were) infected with the virus has greatly decreased/has dropped significantly。【55

137、题详解】考查动词和时态。分析句子可知，时间状语为In just two weeks/ within two weeks，主句的主语为more than 300 well-designed online courses，时态为一般过去时，谓语为were launched，再用现在完成时强调动作对目前的影响；which引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是praise，再根据其它汉语提示。故翻译为：In just two weeks/ within two weeks, more than 300 well-designed online courses were launched on schedu

138、le and have received great praise, which has convinced/ convinces him that the Internet will speed up the teaching reform。. Guided Writing 56.Directions: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 同学们经历了十多年的课堂教学，也体验了两个多月的新型线上教学模式。两种教学模式各有特点。

139、请表明你更偏爱哪种教学模式，并通过比较，阐述你偏爱的理由。_【答案】 Affected by the epidemic, we have been studying online for more than two months. Online teaching is different from classroom teaching. Many students enjoy online teaching, but I prefer the latter. Here are the reasons:First of all, the time of online teaching is fl

140、exible, but we are required to have a relatively high self-control consciousness. However, we dont need to worry about discipline problems in classroom teaching. Secondly, our eyes cant bear it for a long time in online teaching, which seriously affect the study efficiency. In addition, differing fr

141、om online teaching through the screen, we can communicate with our teachers and students face to face in classroom teaching thus the teachers can easily judge the situation of the class.To sum up, I prefer classroom teaching to online teaching.【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于议论文，要求考生写一篇短文，比较课堂教学和新型线上教学模式并表明更偏爱哪种教学模

142、式，阐述偏爱的理由。【详解】第一步：审题人称：第二、三人称；体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态应为一般现在时；结构：总-分-总法要点：1. 表明你更偏爱哪种教学模式；2. 通过比较，阐述你偏爱的理由。第二步：列提纲 （重点词组）affect；epidemic；online teaching；more than；classroom teaching；prefer；latter；self-control consciousness；need to；worry about；discipline problems；cant bear；for a long time；efficiency；differ f

143、rom；communicate with；face to face；judge；prefer to；sum up等第三步：连词成句1. Affected by the epidemic, we have been studying online for more than two months.2. Online teaching is different from classroom teaching.3. Many students enjoy online teaching, but I prefer the latter.4. The time of online teaching i

144、s flexible, but we are required to have a relatively high self-control consciousness.5. We dont need to worry about discipline problems in classroom teaching.6. Our eyes cant bear it for a long time in online teaching, which seriously affect the study efficiency.7. Differing from online teaching thr

145、ough the screen, we can communicate with our teachers and students face to face in classroom teaching thus the teachers can easily judge the situation of the class.8. I prefer classroom teaching to online teaching.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1. 表文章结构顺序：First of all；Secondly；2. 表并列补充关系

146、：In addition；and；3. 表转折对比关系：However；but；4.表因果关系：thus等。连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，第五步：润色修改【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多高分句型，如：Affected by the epidemic, we have been studying online for more than two months.使用了非谓语动词作状语；Many students enjoy online teaching, but I pr

147、efer the latter.使用了由but连接的表示转折的并列句；our eyes cant bear it for a long time in online teaching, which seriously affect the study efficiency.使用了由which引导的非限制性定语从句；differing from online teaching through the screen, we can communicate with our teachers and students face to face in classroom teaching thus the teachers can easily judge the situation of the class.使用了非谓语动词作状语和由thus连接的表示因果的并列句等。还使用了一些固定短语，如：more than；need to；worry about；for a long time； differ from；communicate with；face to face；prefer to；sum up等。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。