1、必修一Unit 3 Sports and Fitness-Discovering Useful Structures导学案一、附加疑问句的基本概念1.附加疑问句的概念附加疑问句就是对陈述句所叙述的事情提出相反疑问的问句,主要表示以礼貌或委婉的语气提出要求、询问或确认信息等。读时前半部分用降调,后半部分既可以用升调也可以用降调。通常情况下,用升调时,多表示疑问或请求;用降调时,多表示求证或希望对方同意。2.基本构成形式附加疑问句由两部分构成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句。两部分的人称和时态应保持一致。陈述部分为肯定句时,附加疑问句用否定形式,反之用肯定式。二、 附加疑问句的用
2、法(一)主语问题先看例句1.This isnt your first time here,is it?2.Lang Ping sets a good example for us,doesnt she ?3.Everything is ready,isnt it?4.There was nothing in the room,was there?5.I suppose that he will come,wont he?分析:1.主语为指示代词时,疑问句的主语用it 或they等代词。2.主语为名词时,疑问句的主语用其相应的代词。3.主语为不定代词时,指人,疑问句用he(she)或they;指
3、物,疑问代词用it。4.There be句型为特殊句型,附加疑问句的主语用there。5.在suppose guess think等后的宾语从句中,附加疑问句的主语与宾语从句保持一致。归纳:附加疑问句中主语的选择是关键,要掌握分辨主句中的主语,并了解其代词的表现形式。(二) 陈述部分含有动词have/has/had的附加疑问句先看例句1.You have lost some weight,havent you?2.All that fat has become muscle now,hasnt it?3.He had already left when you got there,hadnt
4、he?4.He has a lot of friends here,hasnt/doesnt he?5.He had a good time at the party,didnt he?分析句1、2、3中have/has/had为助动词,帮助构成完成时,附加疑问句中使用助动词+主语。2.当have/has/had为实意动词“有”时,附加疑问句可用have/has/had或助动词do/does/did。3.当have/has/had表示“吃、玩”等意义时,附加疑问句要借助于助动词do/does/did。归纳:have/has/had具有助动词和实意动词两种功能,因此在使用中一定要分清楚。(三)
5、含有情态动词的附加疑问句先看例句1.He can speak English,cant he?2.We shouldnt go,should we?3.You must leave at once,mustnt/neednt you?4.You mustnt laugh,must you?5.He must be tired,isnt he?6.He must have arrived now,hasnt he?7.He must have stayed up last night,didnt he?分析1.通常情况下,陈述部分含有情态动词时,附加疑问句使用同样的情态动词。(如例句1、2)2.
6、must表示“必须,有必要”时,疑问部分否定用mustnt/neednt(例句3),肯定用must(例句4)。3.当must can could may might用于表示猜测时,附加疑问句则采用实际语气或时态,不再使用情态动词。(例句5、6、7)归纳:了解每个情态动词是原意还是用于表示猜测,是非常关键的一步,表示猜测时的附加疑问句还应特别注意时态,这是高考中常涉及的一个考察点。(四) 陈述部分为祈使句的附加疑问句先看例句1.Come with us,will/wont you?2.Dont forget to lock the door,will you?3.Lets go there to
7、gether,shall we?Let us have your address,will you?分析1.祈使句的附加疑问句通常使用will/wont(例句12)。2.Lets开头的祈使句,附加疑问句中通常使用shall。3.Let us开头的祈使句,附加疑问句通常使用will。归纳:祈使句的附加疑问句不是使用will you?就是使用shall we?关键弄清楚祈使句中Let us与Lets包括的人物范围,Let us=You let us,不包括听话者,Lets则包括听话者一起。(五) 陈述句为主从复合句的附加疑问句先看例句1.He said that he didnt like the
8、 movie,didnt he?2.He knows where I live,doesnt he?3.You have known that he is a cheat,havent you?4.I think that it is too late,isnt it?5.I dont guess he will come,will he?分析1.当陈述部分为主从复合句时,附加疑问句的主语和动词一般应与主句保持一致。(例句123)2.当陈述部分的主语为I,谓语为think suppose guess等时,附加疑问句中的主语与谓语动词通常与从句保持一致。(例句4、5)归纳:如果陈述部分的主语为第
9、二三人称,附加疑问句的主语则使用you或he/they等,如果陈述句主句的主语为第一人称时,附加疑问句中的主语则与从句的主语保持一致。(六) 含有特殊词的附加疑问句先看例句1.He has few friends,has he?2.She said nothing,did she?3.He never comes late,does he?4.Its impossible to finish the work,isnt he?5.It is unfair to punish him,isnt it?分析1.陈述部分含有few little nothing seldom never hardly
10、 scarcely rarely等否定词或半否定词时,附加疑问句要采用肯定疑问方式。(例句1、2、3 )2.陈述部分含有否定意义,但是由词前加否定前缀转化过来的词,陈述部分仍然按照肯定意义对待,附加疑问句用否定形式。(例句4、5)归纳:1.否定词或短语常见的还有nowhere at no time in no case by no means on no condition in no way等。2.加上前缀后,一个词的词性一般不会变化,而意义与之前相反,但不属于否定词。如dishonest,dishonorable。(七) 几种特殊情况的附加疑问句先看例句1.I am older than
11、you,arent I?2.I wish to go with you,may I?3.He had better leave here,hadnt he?4.He used to come here,usednt /didnt he?分析1.当陈述部分有I am时,附加疑问部分通常使用arent I。2.当陈述部分有I wish.时,附加疑问部分通常使用may I。3.当陈述部分有had better时,附加疑问部分通常使用hadnt+主语。4.当陈述部分的谓语为used to时,附加疑问部分有两种形式,usednt或didnt+主语。归纳:1.Im.的附加疑问句属于口语化,人们习惯使用ar
12、ent I。2.I wish to do.句型实际上是请求允许,因此其附加疑问句使用may I。3.had better和used to可看作是情态动词,其附加疑问句使用hadnt或usednt,而used to do又表示“过去常常”,也可以使用表示过去时的附加疑问句didnt。三、练习:1. This is a lovely card, isnt it ?2. What he did really scared you,didnt it ?3. Jack had dinner with his mother at home yesterday,didnt he ?4. I have to
13、work this afternoon,havent I ?5. Lets go and have a rest,shall we ?6. Turn off the lights when you leave the classroom,will/wont you ?7. He hardly ate anything,did he ?8. Its unbelievable,isnt it ?9. You have never been to Beijing,have you ?10. Im as tall as your sister,arent I ?11. I wish to have a word with you,may I ?12. Youd better read it by yourself,hadnt you ?13. He used to take pictures there,didnt/usednt he ?14. It doesnt matter if they want to come to your party, does it ?15. I suppose you are not going out today, are you ?