1、题型组合练(二).阅读理解A(2017红桥区二模)PassportControlIfyouarearrivingatLondonHeathrowAirportandarenottransferringtoanotherflightoutsideBritainorNorthernIreland，youmustpassthroughthePassportControlandtheCustomsimmediatelyafterleavingyourplane.IfyouarenotfromBritainoracitizenoftheEuropeanCommunity(欧共体)，youmustfill
2、outaspecialformbeforeyourpassportisexamined.ThisformiscalledalandingcardandshouldbegiventoyouduringtheflighttoLondon.Afterlanding，followtheARRIVALSsigns.MakesureyouareintherightchannelwhenyoureachthePassportControl.ThereisonechannelforholdersofEuropeanCommunityPassports，andasecondchannelmarked“Other
3、Passports”BaggageReclaimArea(取行李处)AfterpassingthroughthePassportControl，followthesignstotheBaggageReclaimArea.Ifyouhaveluggagewhichiscarriedintheaircrafthold，itwillbedeliveredtoyouintheBaggageReclaimArea.Lookforthesignwithyourflightnumber.Ifyouhaveonlyhandluggage，godirectlythroughtheBaggageReclaimAr
4、eatotheCustoms.CustomsAllpassengersmustpasstheCustomsafterthePassportControl.Thereisachoiceoftwochannels：GreenandRed.Ifyouhavenothingtodeclare，gothroughtheGreenChannel.IfyouarenotsureaboutyourDutyFreeallowances(免税限额) orifyouhavesomethingtodeclare，gothroughtheRedChannel.InformationaboutDutyFreeallowa
5、ncescanbefoundonspecialnoticeboardsintheBaggageReclaimArea.YoushouldstudythisinformationcarefullywhetheryouaregoingthroughtheRedChannelornot.PleasenotethatifyougothroughtheGreenChannel，youmaybestoppedandaskedtoopenyourluggageforinspection.1AllpassengersarrivingatHeathrowfromoutsideBritain.Amustgothr
6、ougheitherthePassportControlortheCustomsBmustgothroughtheCustoms，butnotthePassportControlCmustgothroughthePassportControlandtheCustomsDdonthavetobeexamined答案C解析细节理解题。由PassportControl中的第一句话及Customs中的第一句话可知选C。2Theunderlinedword“transferring”means“”AexchangingBswitchingCreplacingDturning答案B解析词义猜测题。根据上下
7、文可知，该词意为“换乘，转乘”，此处指换乘飞机。故答案为B。3AtHeathrowwhenreachingthePassportControl，.AallpassengersgothroughthesamechannelBpassengersoftheEuropeanCommunityandthosefromothercountriesgothroughdifferentchannelsCBritishpeopleandpassengersfromothercountriesgothroughdifferentchannelsDallEuropeanpassengersgothroughthe
8、samechannel答案B解析细节理解题。由PassportControl中第二段最后一句可知，持有欧共体护照的乘客和来自其他国家的乘客所走的通道不同。4Ifyouhaveonlyhandluggage，.AyoumaygothroughtheBaggageReclaimAreatotheCustomsByoushouldgothroughtheBaggageReclaimAreasCitisntnecessaryforyoutogothroughtheBaggageReclaimAreaDitisntnecessaryforyoutodoanything答案A解析细节理解题。由Baggag
9、eReclaimArea中最后一句可知，如果你只有手提行李，那么就可以经行李认领处直接去海关。5Ifyouhavedutyfreegoods，.AyoudonthavetogothroughtheGreenChannelByoumaygothroughtheGreenChannelCyoumustgothroughtheRedChannelDyoushouldgothroughboththeGreenChannelandtheRedChannel答案B解析细节理解题。根据Customs中的相关叙述可知，如果你没有什么要申报的东西且买的免税商品未超免税限额，你就可以从绿色通道通过。B(2017天
10、津一中4月考)“Therearemanywaysofbeingsmartthatarentsmartlikeus.”ThesearethewordsofPatrickWinston，aleadingvoiceinthefieldofartificialintelligence.Althoughhisideaissimple，itssignificancehasbeenlostonmostpeoplethinkingaboutthefutureofwork.YetthisisthefeatureofAIthatoughttopreoccupyusthemost.Fromthe1950stothe
11、1980s，itwasgenerallythoughtthatthebestwaytobuildsystemscapableofperformingtaskstothelevelofhumanexpertsorhigherwastocopythewaythatexpertsworked.Buttherewasaproblem：humanexpertsoftenstruggledtoexplainhowtheyperformedmanytasks.Chessplayingwasagoodexample.Whenaskedtoexplainhowtheyplayedchesswell，somegr
12、andmastersappealedto“intuition(直觉)”，othersto“experience”Manysaidtheydidnotreallyknowatall.Howcouldresearchersbuildachessplayingsystemtobeatagrandmasterifthebestplayersthemselvescouldnotexplainhowtheyweresogood?Aturningpointcamein1997.DeepBlue，IBMssupercomputer，beatGarryKasparov，thethenworldchesscham
13、pion，inasixgamematch.Whatwasthemostremarkablewashowthesystemdidit.DeepBluedidnotshareMrKasparovs“intuition”or“experience”Itwonbymeansofabsoluteprocessingpowerandmassivedatastorageability.Considerthelegalworld.DanielMartinKatz，alawprofessor，hasdesignedasystemtopredictthevotingbehaviouroftheUSSupremeC
14、ourt.Itcanperformaswellasmostspecialists，butitdoesnotmirrorthejudgementofahumanbeing.InsteaditdrawsondatathatcapturesixdecadesofCourtbehaviour.Weseesimilardevelopmentsinotherpartsoflife.Surely，allthesepointtoafuturethatisverydifferentfromtheonemostexpertsarepredicting.Itisoftensaidthattherearemanyta
15、sksthatwillalwaysrequirehumanbeingstoperformbecausemachinescannot“think”，“reason”or“feel”likehumanbeings.Butthisistofailtograspthattomorrowssystemswillhandlemanytasksnotbycopyingusbutbyworkinginentirelydifferent，unhumanways.Thesetoftasksreservedparticularlyforhumanbeingsislikelytobemuchsmallerthanma
16、nyexpect.语篇解读曾经，科学家一度认为人工智能需要复制人类的工作方式，现在人们了解到系统处理任务不能通过复制人类的工作方式，而是通过完全不同的、非人的工作方式。6Theexampleofchessplayingmainlyshowsthat.AitsimportantforachessplayingsystemtobeatagrandmasterBhumanexpertshavevariousresponsesfortheirgoodperformanceCitsdifficulttobuildsystemsbycopyingthewayhumanexpertsworkDthewayh
17、umanexpertsworkcanbeofgreatbenefittobuildingsystems答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“humanexpertsoftenstruggledtoexplainhowtheyperformedmanytasks.Howcouldresearchersbuildachessplayingsystemtobeatagrandmasterifthebestplayersthemselvescouldnotexplainhowtheyweresogood？”可知即使是最好的棋手他们自己也不能解释他们是如何这么优秀，研究者又如何能建立一个国际象棋博弈系统
18、来打败大师呢？故选C。7Accordingtothepassage，whatsthereasonforDeepBluessuccessoverGarry?AItsharedGarrysintuitionandexperience.BItsdesignedtothinklikeahumanexpert.CGarrywasnotableenoughtobeatsupercomputer.DItwasequippedwithapowerfuldataprocessingsystem.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Itwonbymeansofabsoluteprocessingpowera
19、ndmassivedatastorageability.”可知，它通过绝对的处理能力和海量的数据存储能力来战胜Garry，故选D。8WhatstheauthorspurposeofwritingParagraph4?ATopresentmoredetails.BToofferanotherexample.CTogivefurtherexplanation.DTosharedeeperunderstanding.答案B解析写作意图题。作者写了法律教授DanielMartinKatz设计了一个系统来预测美国最高法院的投票行为，可见本段是作者给出的另一个例子，故选B。9Whichofthefollo
20、wingbestshowsthestructureofthepassage?ABCD答案C解析篇章结构题。本文第一段提出观点“Therearemanywaysofbeingsmartthatarentsmartlikeus.”；二、三、四段通过举例说明有很多的聪明的方法；最后一段“Weseesimilardevelopmentsinotherpartsoflife.”延伸到生活的其他领域，故选C。10Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?ASystemsareexpectedtobemorehumanlike.BMoretasksarelikelytobehan
21、dledbysystems.CHumanbeingsarecertaintobereplacedbysystems.DTaskstomorrowaresupposedtobemoredemanding.答案B解析推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可以推断将来有更多的任务是由系统处理的，故选B。C(2016河东区二模)Weallknowthateatingjunkfoodcanmakeusfat.However，anewstudysuggeststhatitcandomorethanthatitcanalsomakeuslazy，reportedCBSNews.Inthestudy，researc
22、hersattheUniversityofCalifornia，LosAngeles，USdivided32femaleratsintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupwasfedadietofhealthyfoodsuchascornandfish，whilethesecondwasgivenadietofhighlyprocessed (加工的) foodrichinsugar，namely“junkfood”Withinthreemonths，theratsinthesecondgroupwerealreadymuchfatterthanthoseonthehealthyd
23、iet.Andwhenresearcherstrainedtheratstodosimpletasks，theyfoundevenmoredifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsratherthanweight.Duringthetaskpushingalever (杠杆) toreceivearewardofsugarwatertheratsonthejunkfooddietwerefoundtobelesswillingtomove，andtheytooklongerbreaksbetweeneachpushthantheleanratsdid.“Itisasifthe
24、ratisthinkingThisistoomuchwork，”AaronBlaisdell，leaderofthestudy，toldtheLosAngelesTimes.Butwhataboutthepossibilitythatthefatratswerelesspassionateaboutgettingsugarwaterbecausetheywerealreadyeatinglotsofsugarintheirdailydiet？Thatswhyresearchersrepeatedthetestsbyrewardingfatratswithplainwaterwhentheywe
25、reextremelythirsty.However，theresultscameoutjustthesame.Accordingtoresearchers，thesedifferencessuggestthatjunkfoodchangedthechemistryintheratsbrains.Theexperimentdidntendthere.Aftersixmonths，theratsdietswereswitched，andtheoverweightratsweregivenahealthydietforninedays.However，thischangedidnthelpredu
26、cetheirweightorimprovetheirabilitytoperformtasks，whichmeanstheeffectsoftheirjunkfooddietpersisted (持续存在)“Theresnoquickfix，”saidBlaisdell.Foralongtime，wevebelievedthatpeoplebecomefatbecausetheyarelazy.Butthisstudyhasproventheoppositetobetrueaswell，whichindicatesthatlazinessandobesityarea“viciouscycle
27、 (恶性循环)”So，ifyouconstantlyfeeltired，lackinganyurgetogetupfromyourchair，itcouldbethatyouvebeenstudyingtoohard.Butyoushouldalsopayattentiontoyourdiet.语篇解读我们都知道吃垃圾食品会让我们变胖。然而，最新研究发现常吃垃圾食品还会让人变懒。11DuringthefirstthreemonthsoftheexperimentbyresearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia，.Aratsfromthehealthydietgr
28、oupatenothingbutcornandfishBratsonthejunkfooddietatemorethanthoseonhealthydietCratsonthehealthyfooddietperformedbetteratsimpletasksthanthoseonthejunkfooddietDratsonthejunkfooddietseemeduninterestedinsugaryfood答案C解析细节理解题。由第四段可知，吃垃圾食品的老鼠不愿移动，而且它们需要更多时间休息。总之，它们不如吃健康食品的老鼠表现得好。12Theresearchersrewardedthi
29、rstyratswithplainwaterinthelevertestto.AhelpthemcontroltheirweightBtestwhetherfatratslostinterestinthetestbecausetheyhadtakenenoughsugarCchangethediethabitsoffatratsDfindouttheinfluenceofsugaronratsbrains答案B解析细节理解题。由第六段可知，为了验证老鼠是否是因为已经摄入了很多糖才对实验失去兴趣，研究者给它们喂食清水。13Theunderlinedword“there”refersto“”Aaf
30、tertheratsonthejunkfooddiethadworkedhardtogetsugarwaterBafterthetypeoffoodratspreferhadbeenidentifiedCafteraquickcureforobesityhadbeenfoundDafterthefactthatfatterratsarelazierthanleanratshadbeenfound答案D解析代词指代题。画线词指代的是上文实验的结论：垃圾食品改变了老鼠大脑的化学成分，使它们变懒了。14Wecanconcludefromthearticlethat.Afatpeopleareusua
31、llylazierthanleanpeopleBpeopleshouldswitchbetweendifferenttypesofdietstokeephealthyCbeingoverweightandbeinglazycanfeedintoeachotherDlazinessisthemaincauseofweightproblems答案C解析推理判断题。由倒数第二段第二句话可知，懒惰和肥胖是恶性循环。15WhichofthefollowingisNOTrightaccordingtothepassage?AEatingjunkfoodcanmakeusfat.BResearchersgo
32、tdifferentresultsafterrepeatingtheteststofatrats.CForalongtime，wevebelievedthatpeoplebecomefatbecausetheyarelazy.DIfyouconstantlyfeeltiredorstudytoohard，youneedtopayattentiontoyourdiet.答案B解析细节理解题。由第六段最后一句话可知，实验结果一样而非不同，故B项错误。.阅读表达(2017天津春)WalterwasalwayssittinginthesamechairwhenIcametovisit.Hewouldl
33、ookupandsmilewhenhesawmeandpatthechairnexttohimformetositdown.Helovedtotellmeabouthislostgoldenyearswhenhewasanexcellentbaseballplayer.Iwasagoodlistener.Afteracoupleofhoursoftalking，Iwouldshakehishandandsaygoodbyetohim.IhopedthatIbroughtalittlesunshineintoWalterslife.ImetWalterwhenIwasahighschoolstu
34、dentparticipatinginavolunteerprogramwithelderlypeopleinanursinghome.Itwasthefirstofmanysuchactivities，rangingfromplayingwithdisabledchildrentosittingwithcancerpatientsinahospital.Theseactivitiesseemedtosatisfymydesiretobeusefulandtofeelameaningfulconnectiontothelivesofothers.Myparentsinculcatedmewit
35、habeliefthattherewasnogreaterhumanvaluethankindness，andencouragedmetomakehelpingothersandcontributingtosocietyimportantgoalsinlife.Volunteerworkprovidedawayofattemptingtorealizethetruthofthesemessages.Ilearnedthatvolunteerismisnotaonewayactofhelpingsomeonelessfortunate.Involvementinthelifeofanotherp
36、ersonhasenrichedmylifeaswell.Seeinghowpeopledealwiththechallengesoftheirliveshastaughtmevaluablelessonsincourageanddignity.ManyofthepeoplewhomIhavemetasavolunteerareanunforgettablepartofmylife.PerhapsIreceivedfarmorethanIevergave.Thisiswhyvolunteerismworkseachofushassomuchneedforhumanconnectionandso
37、muchtogivetoothers.16WhatdidtheauthordoeverytimehevisitedWalter？(nomorethan10words)HelistenedtoWaltertalkingabouthislostgoldenyears.Or：HeactedasWalterslistener.17Whatwasthefirstactivitytheauthorgotinvolvedinasavolunteer？(nomorethan10words)Visitingelderly/oldpeopleinanursinghome.Or：Hevisitedelderly/o
38、ldpeopleinanursinghome.Or：Avolunteerprogramwithelderlypeopleinanursinghome.18WhatisthemeaningoftheunderlinedwordinParagraph3inEnglish？(1word)Taught./Instructed./Educated.19WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4？(nomorethan10words)Theauthorlearnedthatvolunteerismisnotaonewayact.Or：Theauthorlearnedthatvoluntee
39、rismisatwowayact.Or：Theauthorhasbenefitedalotfromvolunteerism/hisvolunteerwork.20Ifyouaretobeavolunteer，whatwillyoudo？Whatcanyoubenefitfromthevolunteerwork？(nomorethan20words)Iwilllookafterelderlypeopleinanursinghome.Icanlearnalotfromtheirpastexperience.Or：Iwillhelpdisabledchildren.Itcansatisfymydes
40、iretobeuseful.Or：Iwillsitwithcancerpatients.Icanlearntodealwiththechallengesoflife.Or：Iwillbeavolunteertoprotecttheenvironment.Wecanliveinabetterandcleanerworld.Or：Iwillbeavolunteerinanimportantevent.Itcanbroadenmyhorizons.书面表达(2017天津十二所重点中学联考)假如你是育才中学的李津，即将高中毕业。你打算报考香港大学，学习环境科学(EnvironmentalScience
41、)，但有一些事情不太清楚，因此要给该校写一封电子邮件，咨询以下相关事宜：(1)如何才能被该校的相关专业录取？(2)是否需要参加专门的英语考试？(3)该校的奖学金、学费、食宿安排和生活费用等情况。注意：(1)词数不少于100；(2)邮件必须包括以上内容，可适当增加细节；(3)开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearSirorMadam，ImLiJin，aseniorstudentfromYucaiHighSchoolandsoonIwillgraduate.Bestwishes!Yours，LiJin参考范文DearSirorMadam，ImLiJin，aseniorstudentfromYuc
42、aiHighSchoolandsoonIwillgraduate.Iplantoapplytoyouruniversity.SoImwritingtoconsultyouaboutgettingadmittedintoHongKongUniversity.IamveryinterestedinEnvironmentalScience，afamousmajorinyouruniversity.Becauseofthepopularityofenvironmentalprotection，Iplantochooseitasmymajorhopingtomakecontributionsinthisfield.IwonderhowIcanbeastudentinyouruniversityandwhetherIneedtotakesomespecialEnglishtests.HowcanIapplyforthescholarshipandhowmuchwillIhavetopayformyeducation？Whatabouttheaccommodationsandlivingexpenses?Yourtimelyreplywouldbemuchappreciated.Bestwishes!Yours，LiJin
