1、课时作业(十六)必修Unit 1Women of achievement.阅读理解A2019湖北八校第一次联考Leaders shape history and here is a selection of the most remarkable views into these public figures plus firsthand accounts by those with access to them. Margaret Thatcher by Charles Moore (2013)Before Moore published the first volume of his bi
2、ography, there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher. Moores account is different. He shows that far from being fearless, she could often be fearful without cause. The final volume will include her fall from power.Harold Wilson by Ben Pimlott (1992)Harold Wilson had become a ghostly figur
3、e when this book was published in 1992. The absence heightened a sense of mystery. Who was he? How to explain his seemingly contradictory characteristics? Pimlott solves some of the mysteries; the book is detailed until Wilsons final phase as prime minister in 1974.Churchill by Roy Jenkins (2001)Jen
4、kins writes as a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchills historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons. Jenkins had resigned from high positions in battles over policy, and as one that changed parties, though not as frequently as Churchill did. Roy Jenkin
5、s by John Campbell (2014)Campbell calmly narrates many political and personal dramas, including Jenkins intense relationship with Anthony Crosland when they were both students at Oxford. Campbell also addresses Jenkins various affairs with women. Like Jenkins political heroes, he led many lives. Cam
6、pbell is sharp in describing each of them. Diaries, Volumes One to Six by Alastair Campbell (2017)Love or hate him, Campbell remains the master of the inside story, not just because of his unusual ideas on the relationship between Tony Blair and Gordon Brown. This is an incredibly detailed book on w
7、hat its like to live inside No. 10: the cruel space of events; and the constant conflict with the media. 【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了五本有关改变历史的世界伟人的传记，书的作者是掌握这一伟人的第一手资料者。文章具体介绍了作者姓名、出版时间、书的内容等。【难句分析】Jenkins writes as a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchills historic moves from the opinions o
8、f one who had also spoken in the Commons. 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中who had also spoken in the Commons为who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词one，在从句中作主语；句中analyzing. the Commons作伴随状语。译文：詹金斯作为一位政治家和历史学家来写(这本书)，他从一个也在下议院发过言的人的角度分析了丘吉尔的历史性举动。1Which of the following leaders has the largest number of books written about him/her? AHarold
9、Wilson.BChurchill. CMargaret Thatcher. DTony Blair.答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第二段第一句“Before Moore published the first volume of his biography there had already been a mountain of books on Thatcher”可知，在摩尔出版他的第一本传记之前，已经有很多关于撒切尔夫人的书了；其他四本书的介绍中都没有提及曾经有专门介绍该政治家的书出版。据此可知，在介绍的五个政治领导人中，写撒切尔夫人的书最多，故C项正确。 2Which writer
10、was once a politician? ABen Pimlott. BCharles Moore. CJohn Campbell. DRoy Jenkins.答案与解析：D考查细节理解。根据第四段第一句“Jenkins writes as a politician as well as a historian, analyzing Churchills historic moves from the opinions of one who had also spoken in the Commons”可知，詹金斯是一位政治家，也是一位历史学家，故D项正确。其他作者都没有被提及曾经是政治家
11、。 3Whats the authors purpose of writing the passage? ATo introduce some histories on elections. BTo recommend some books on leaders. CTo tell some mysteries about historians. DTo think highly of some famous leaders.答案与解析：B考查目的意图。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了五本有关改变历史的世界伟人的传记，书的作者是掌握这一伟人的第一手资料者，文章具体介绍了作者姓名、出版时间、书的内容
12、等。据此可知，本文旨在推荐一些关于政治领导人的书籍，故B项正确。 B“Clothesswapping” is an activity which has become increasingly popular among American women. At a clothes swap event the women can give away unwanted clothing and get something different in return. Recently about 300 women went to a clothes swap at a high school in
13、Springfield, Virginia. It was the largest crowd ever for the areas popular clothingswapping group. Daphne Steinberg was having a good day. “For anyone who knows Ann Taylor LOFT, Ann Taylor is a really good womens designer and I will totally wear this to work. So I love that, and I love that I can eq
14、uip myself for work, have a good time in doing it, and not totally bankrupt (使破产) myself.” Sandy Van Dusen likes the idea that clothes are finding new homes instead of being thrown away. “Because it helps to keep the Earth green. Theres no point in my opinion in continuing to buy new clothes when we
15、 can reuse what are already here. Give them a new home let somebody else love what you used to love and no longer love.” Kim Pratt organized the clothes swap event in Springfield. She also organized a moneyraising activity for the high schools debate team. It is one of several ways that her group gi
16、ves to charitable causes. Another is by donating all of the “unswapped” clothing to shelters for victims of domestic violence. “I started doing this four years ago, and weve been doing it for four years, getting bigger and bigger each time we have a swap.” She used the social media website to help p
17、ublicize the events. The website has helped her group grow from 30 members to 1,300. Ms.Pratt says most of the members respect the clothing swap rules. But she says competition for desirable fashion can be strong. “We have to tell people sometimes not to hover (徘徊) over the new people coming in with
18、 their clothing. As they put it out, some people tend to grab the stuff right out of their hands and it becomes like a freeforall. We try to avoid that as much as possible.”【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在Springfield的一所高中举办的“交换衣服”活动，详细介绍了活动组织人Kim Pratt组织该活动的初衷、意义和存在的问题等。【难句分析】“Clothesswapping” is an activity w
19、hich has become increasingly popular among American women.分析：该句为主从复合句。which has become increasingly popular among American woman为which引导的定语从句，修饰先行词an activity。译文：“交换衣服”是一项越来越受美国女士欢迎的活动。4Women can _ at a clothes swap.Aexchange unwanted clothing for something differentBbuy whatever clothing they likeC
20、have a social gathering and make friendsDmake some money by giving away unwanted clothing答案与解析：A考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“At a clothes swap event the women can give away unwanted clothing and get something different in return”可知，在“交换衣服”活动中，女士可以给出自己不想要的衣服，得到一些不同的衣服，故A项正确。5We can learn from what Daphne Steinber
21、g said that _.Ashe went to a clothes swap for the first timeBshe experienced the largest clothes swap ever in the areaCshe got some clothes she likes at the clothes swapDshe saved much more money than she had expected答案与解析：C考查细节理解。根据第三段中Daphne Steinberg所说的话中的“For anyone who knows Ann Taylor LOFT, An
22、n Taylor is a really good womens designer and I will totally wear this to work”可知，Daphne Steinberg在这次“交换衣服”活动中得到了她喜欢的Ann Taylor设计的衣服，并会穿着它去上班，故C项正确。6What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?AWhat Kim Pratt did with the unswapped clothing.BHow Kim Pratt started the clothes swap event.CWhat Kim Pratt did to h
23、elp people in need.DHow Kim Pratt raised money to help charitable causes.答案与解析：C考查段落大意。通读第五段可知，该段主要介绍了Kim Pratt为帮助需要帮助的人组织的多个活动，包括“交换衣服”活动、为Springfield的一所高中的辩论队组织的筹款活动、捐赠衣服给家庭暴力受害者庇护所的活动，故C项正确。7It can be inferred from the last paragraph that _.Aclothes swaps are often out of control in the endBinapp
24、ropriate behavior at clothes swaps needs to be controlledCclothesswapping is becoming increasingly popular with American womenDmore clothes swap events need to be organized答案与解析：B考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“some people tend to grab the stuff right out of their hands and it becomes like a freeforall. We try to a
25、void that as much as possible”可推知，在“交换衣服”活动中，对一些不恰当的行为应该加以控制，故B项正确。.完形填空2019陕西检测二Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class. Yaser was an international student from Jordan. He was _1_ to get to know an American. Yaser hoped that he and Steve would _2_ good friends.At first, Steve seemed very
26、 friendly. He always greeted Yaser _3_ before class. Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser. He even _4_ Yaser to have lunch with him. But after the first term was over, Steve seemed _5_. One day Yaser decided to call Steve. Steve didnt seem very _6_ in talking to him. Yaser was hurt by Steves cha
27、nge of attitude.Yaser is a little _7_. He is an outsider to American culture. He doesnt understand the way Americans view _8_. Americans view the word “friend” in a very _9_ way. Americans have school friends, work friends, sports friends and neighborhood friends. These friendships are _10_ on commo
28、n interests. When the shared activity ends, the friendship may _11_. Now Steve and Yaser are no longer classmates, their friendship has _12_.In some cultures friendship means a(n) _13_ lifelong bond between two people. In these _14_ friendships develop slowly, since they are built to last. But Ameri
29、can _15_ is not always an offer of true friendship. American _16_ is one of those that change rapidly. Studies show that one out of five American _17_ moves every year.People from the United States may at first seem friendly. Americans often chat easily with _18_. They exchange information about the
30、ir families, _19_ and work. They may smile warmly and say, “Have a nice day.” However, American friendships _20_ quickly, and they may change just as quickly. So, its necessary to do in Rome as the Romans do.【语篇解读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，通过叙述Steve和Yaser之间的经历，讲述了美国人对待友谊的观点，所以我们应该入乡随俗。【核心词汇】warmly adv. 热情地；温暖地dist
31、ant adj. 遥远的；冷淡的fade vi.褪色；逐渐消失1A.puzzled BshockedCexcited Dworried答案与解析：C根据上文“Steve and Yaser first met in their chemistry class. Yaser was an international student from Jordan”的提示可知，他很兴奋(excited)能认识一个美国人。2A.continue BbecomeCadvocate Dsubmit答案与解析：B根据上文“He was _ to get to know an American”的描述可知，Yase
32、r希望他和Steve能成为(become)好朋友。3A.anxiously BnervouslyCstrongly Dwarmly答案与解析：D根据上文“At first，Steve seemed very friendly”的描述可知，课前他总是热情地(warmly)问候Yaser。4A.invited BapprovedCforbade Drejected答案与解析：A根据上文“Sometimes he offered to study with Yaser”的提示可知，此处与上文语义上形成递进关系，所以此处为他甚至邀请(invited) Yaser和他一起吃午饭。5A.optimisti
33、c BfamiliarCdistant Daccessible答案与解析：C根据下文“One day Yaser decided to call Steve. Steve didnt seem very _ in talking to him”的提示可知，两人之间的关系发生了变化，所以此处为第一学期结束后，Steve显得很冷淡(distant)。6A.encouraged BinterestedCembarrassed Dinspired答案与解析： B根据上文“But after the first term was over，Steve seemed _”的提示可知他决定打电话给Steve
34、，但Steve看起来对与他讲话不感兴趣(interested)。7A.satisfied BfascinatedCdelighted Dconfused答案与解析：D根据下文“He is an outsider to American culture. He doesnt understand the way Americans view _”的描述可知，此处为对此他有点困惑(confused)。8A.friendship BownershipCscholarship Dcitizenship答案与解析：A根据下文“Americans view the word friend in a ver
35、y _ way”的提示可知，此处为他不理解美国人看待友谊(friendship)的方式。9A.regular BusualCgeneral Dsimilar答案与解析：C根据下文“Americans have school friends, work friends, sports friends and neighborhood friends”的描述可知，美国人对待不同的人有着不同的友谊观，所以此处为美国人以非常普遍的(general)方式看待“朋友”这个词。10A.taken BbasedCgrown Dmade答案与解析：B根据语境可知，这些友谊是依据(based)他们共同的兴趣(而建
36、立起来的)。be based on. 意为“以为依据”。11A.fail BfallCdelay Dfade答案与解析：D根据上文“These friendships are _ on common interests. When the shared activity ends”的提示可知，此处为他们的友谊可能会逐渐消失(fade)。12A.changed BmanagedCarranged Dranged答案与解析：A根据上文“When the shared activity ends，the friendship may _”的描述可知，此处为现在他们不再是同学了，他们的友谊也变了(ch
37、anged)。13A.recent BinstantCstrong Dfinal答案与解析：C根据下文“American _ is one of those that change rapidly”的提示可知，美国人对待友谊的观点不同于其他文化，所以此处为在一些文化中，友谊意味着两个人之间牢固的(strong)终生的纽带。14A.creatures BculturesClectures Dpictures答案与解析：B根据上文中的“In some cultures friendship means a(n). two people”可知，此处为原词复现，所以此处为在这些文化(cultures)
38、中，友谊发展得很缓慢。15A goodness BhappinessCbrightness Dfriendliness答案与解析：D根据语境可知，但是美国人的友好(friendliness)并不总是真正的友谊。16A.society BactivityCauthority Dquantity答案与解析：A根据下文“Studies show that one out of five American _ moves every year”的提示可知，这是一个社会问题，所以此处为美国社会(society)是一个快速变化的社会。17A.apartments BhousesCfamilies Ddep
39、artments答案与解析：C根据上文“American _ is one of those that change rapidly”的提示可知，此处为研究表明，每年有五分之一的美国家庭(families) 搬家。18A.participants BstrangersCcolleagues Dmembers答案与解析：B根据上文“People from the United States may at first seem friendly”的提示可知，此处为美国人常常很容易与陌生人(strangers)聊天。19A.offence BforestsCprejudice Dhobbies答案与解析：D根据上文中的“Americans often chat easily with _”可知，此处为美国人会与这些陌生人交流他们的家庭、爱好(hobbies)及工作信息。20A.develop BflowCdisappear Drevolve答案与解析：A根据上文“Americans often chat. and work”以及下文“and they may change just as quickly”的提示可知，美国人的友谊发展得很快，变化得也很快。
