1、应试指导篇：主谓一致考点归纳及考题点击 主谓一致是指英语句子中主语和谓语在数、人称方面的一致。主谓一致是中学英语语法教学的重点，也是历届高考单项选择题中的测试重点之一。一、主语是复数形式，而谓语动词用单数形式。1.国名、人名、书名、组织机构等专有名词作主语，形式上即使是复数，谓语也要用单数。例如：校园之星科技有限公司Engels was good at learning languages恩格斯擅长学习语言。2.当名词词组中心词是表示度量、时间、价格等复数名词时，往往把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词采用单数形式。例如：Ten dollars is not enough.10美元是不够的。F
2、ifteen miles seems like a long walk tome.步行15英里对我来说是较长的路程。如果是指某一个体，则要根据语法一致的原则，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：Twenty years have passed since we parted.自从我们分手以后20年已过去了。3.凡以-ics结尾表示学科名称的名词，如politics, physics, mathematics, athletics(体育)等作主语时，谓语用单数。以-s结尾的名词，如news,works,plastics等同属此类。例如：Politics is now taught in all schoo
3、ls.现在各学校都开设政治课。但当这些名词表示有关的活动、情况、见解、原理等意思时，谓语需用复数形式。例如：What are your politics?你的政见如何？4.oneand a half复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：One and a half days is all I can spare.一天半是我所能挤出的全部时间。5.有些用来表示由两个对应部分组成一体的名词复数，如trousers, glasses, compasses等作主语，前面若有一条、一副、一把之类的单位词，谓语用单数，若没有单位词或单位词是复数，则谓语用复数。例如：There is a pair of
4、trousers on the desk.桌子上有一条裤子。All the glasses are made of glass,not plastic. 6.引号中的词句可能在形式上和意义上都是复数，但是放在引号之内作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：Booksis the plural ofbook.Books是book的复数形式。Youis a pronoun.You是代词。7.the number of.(的数目)短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例如：As a result，the number of people who travel by plane in China is
5、larger than ever be- fore.因此，在中国乘飞机旅行的人数比以往多了。但a number of.(许多)短语作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。考题点击The number of people invited _ fifty,but a number of them _ absent for different reasons.(NMET96) A.were;was B.was;was C.was;were D.were;were 二、主语是下列情况时，谓语也用单数。1.如果主语由many a,more than one单数名词构成，尽管从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式
6、。例如：M any a student has made that mistake.许多学生都犯那种错误。There is more than one answer to your question.你的这个问题不止有一个答案。M ore than one person has protested against the proposal.不止一个人反对这个建议。但more than数词复数名词结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：M ore than one thousand men and women are working in this factory.有1000多男女工人在这家工厂
7、做工。2.加(减、乘、除)结构表示整体概念，谓语动词多用单数形式。例如：More than one thousand men and women are working in this factory.有1000多男女工人在这家工厂做工。99and 2is 101.99加2等于101。Two times four is eight.2乘以4等于8。3.a单数名词or two作主语，谓语用单数；但one or two复数名词作主语，谓语用复数。例如：A day or two has passed.一两天过去了。4.由each修饰的名词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：Each student has g
8、ot an English-Chinese dictionary.每个学生都有一本英汉词典。但each位于复数主语后或句末，则不影响谓语动词的数。例如：The students each have a dictionary.学生们每人都有一本词典。考题点击-Each of the students,working hard at his or her lessons,_ to go to university. -So do I.(上海98) A.hope B.hopes C.hoping D.hoped 5.every-,any-,some-等构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语用单数。例如：Il
9、l tell you something that does sound strange.我倒要告诉你一件听起来的确很奇怪的事情。6.all表示抽象事物时，谓语动词用单数。例如：All was silent万籁俱寂。但all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数。例如：All were silent.人人都缄口无言。考题点击All but one _ here just now.(MET87) A.is B.was C.has been D.were 7.在Itbe被强调部分that.结构中的be用单数。例如：It is not only blind men who make such stupid
10、mistakes.不仅仅是盲人犯这样愚蠢的错误。但that后的谓语动词的单复数需和被强调的主语人称单复数保持一致。例如：It is I who/that am wrong.是我错了。8.动名词、不定式或名词从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：To hold the Olympic Games is a rich prize for a country.对一个国家来说，承办奥运会就是一份丰厚的奖品。What I say is no business of yours.我说的与你无关。考题点击When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(MET91
11、) A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided 但what从句作主语而表语是复数时，谓语动词也可用复数。例如：What we badly need here are competent teachers.我们这里急需的是合格的教师。三、主语是单数形式，而谓语动词用复数形式。1.有些集体名词，如cattle,police,people,militia(民兵)等在句子中作主语时，谓语用复数。例如：People are talking about the news.人们在谈论这条新闻。people也可
12、作民族解。例如：The Chinese people are a great people.中华民族是一个伟大的民族。2.有些以-s,-es,-ch结尾的表示国家、民族的形容词与the连用时表示复数含义，谓语用复数。例如：The English like to be with their family at Christmas.英国人喜欢跟家人一起过圣诞节。但当上述形容词转化为名词作某种语言解时，谓语用单数。例如：Chinese is a difficult language.汉语是一种很难学的语言。3.有些形容词加上the,如the old,the young,the living,the
13、dying,the poor, the rich,the wounded等用来表示一类人，其意义为复数，谓语用复数。例如：The old are well taken care of in the village.这个村子里，老人都得到很好的照顾。四、谓语动词的单复数根据主语的具体情况而决定。1一些集体名词，如family,class,team,population,company,public government, group, club,crew,audience等作主语时，当作为整体看时，谓语动词用单数；如就其中一个个成员来考虑时，谓语动词则用复数。例如：The class are t
14、aking notes in English.这个班的同学正在用英语作笔记。2一些表示部分概念或不定数量的名词或代词作主语，形式上为单数，但谓语的单复数应根据of后接的名词的单复数而定，这些词有half,most,the rest,some,the majority等。例如：Most of his time is wasted over it.他的大部分时间都浪费在这上面了。Half of the books are novels.一半书籍是小说。同样，名词前有lots of,plenty of,percent of等，也应根据具体情况决定谓语动词的单复数。例如：Ninety percent
15、of the work has been done.已经干完了90%的工作。考题点击_ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000) A.Two fifth;is B.Two fifth;are C.Two fifths;is D.Two fifths;are 3.the(only)one of名词后面定语从句的谓语用单数；one of名词后面定语从句的谓语动词用复数。例如：This is one of the most interesting questions that have been aske
16、d.这是已问过的最有趣的问题之一。考题点击She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.(上海94) A.is well paid B.are well paid C.is paying well D.are paying well 4.用and连接的名词作主语指两个人或物时，谓语用复数，指同一个人或物时，谓语用单数。例如：The worker and writer comes from a small town.这位工人兼作家出身于一个小城镇。当and连接几个单数主语，且主语由each,every,no,many a等词修饰时，谓
17、语用单数。例如：At Christmas each boy and each girl is given a present.圣诞节时，每个男孩和女孩都有一份礼物。5.由not only.but also,either.or,neither.nor或or连接的并列主语，谓语动词的单复数形式常由靠它最近的名词的单复数形式而定。例如：Neither the teacher nor the students know anything about this matter老师和同学们都不知道此事。考题点击Either you or the headmaster _ the prizes to thes
18、e gifted students at the meeting.(上海94) A.is handing out B.are to hand out C.are handing out D.is to hand out 6.as well as,besides,like,with,along with,together with,no less than, except,but,rather than等构成的短语不看作主语，谓语动词的数不受这些短语的影响，仅与第一个主语的数保持一致。例如：The students as well as the teacher like the painting
19、s.学生和老师都喜欢这些画。考题点击E-mail,as well as telephones,_ an important part in daily communication.(上海99) A.is playing B.have played C.are playing D.play 7.在there be句型中，如有一系列并列主语时，根据就近原则，be常与它相邻的名词的数保持一致。例如：There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书，两枝钢笔。考题点击There _ no life on the moon.(MET92) A.is said to have B.are said to have C.is said to be D.are said to be 8.在here引起的倒装句中，如果主语不止一个时，谓语动词常与最靠近的主语一致。例如：Here are a few envelopes and some paper for you.这儿给你准备了一些信封和纸。以上仅从四个方面讲述了主谓一致关系的常见的情况，但在实际学习中还不止这些，希望同学们在学习中认真总结归纳。
