1、第3讲并列句和状语从句单句语法填空单句写作1.(2019全国卷)I work not because I have to, because I want to.答案：butnot . but . 不是而是。2.(2019全国卷)On our way to the house, it was raining hard that we couldnt help wondering how long it would take to get there. 答案：so分析句子结构可知，此处是so . that . 结构，意为“如此以至于”，so修饰副词hard。3.(2018北京高考) we dont
2、 stop climate change, many animals and plants in the world will be gone.答案：If根据句意可知此处应用if来引导条件状语从句。4.(2018天津高考)Lets not pick these peaches until this weekend so they get sweet enough to be eaten.答案：that根据句意“为了让桃子成熟的足够甜”可知，应用so that来引导目的状语从句。5.(2015北京高考)He is a shy man, he is not afraid of anything o
3、r anyone.答案：but/yet根据句意可知，前后两个并列句为转折关系。故填but或yet。1.(2019全国卷)一个足球正好落在我面前差点儿打到我。Suddenly a football fell just in front of me .答案：and almost hit me2.(2019江苏高考)医生把他的电话号码告诉病人，以防他们需要医疗帮助。The doctor shares his phone number with the patients they need medical assistance.答案：in case3.(2019天津高考)汤姆如此独立以至于他从不征求父
4、母的意见，除非是他想要他们的资助。Tom is he never asks his parents opinion he wants their support.答案：so independent thatunless4.(2017全国卷)在过去的几年里我不仅身体成长，精神上也成长了。I had grown physically, in the past few years.答案：not onlybut also mentally5.(2015浙江高考)尽管当我在那间教室学习的时候还只是个孩子，但我永远也无法忘记。 I was only a child I studied in that cl
5、assroom, I will never forget it.答案：Though/Althoughwhen考点 1 并列连词与并列句连词常分为并列连词(也叫等位连词)和从属连词两大类。并列句是由两个或两个以上简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词连在一起。并列连词所连接的简单句被称为分句。并列连词之前可用也可不用逗号。1并列连词归纳(1)并列关系：and, not only . but (also), neither . nor . , both . andTheir car broke down halfway and they had to stay in a small inn
6、 for the night.他们的车在半路上出了故障，他们不得不在一个小旅行社过夜。(2)选择关系：or, either . or . , otherwise, or else, not . butEither you are mad, or I am.要么你疯了，要么我疯了。(3)转折关系：but, yet, still, while, whereasMary was a nice girl, but she had one shortcoming.玛丽是个好女孩，但她有一个缺点。(4)因果关系：for, so, thereforeSomeone is coming, for the do
7、g is barking.有人来了，因为狗叫了。2使用时要特别注意其特性(1)and, not only . but (also) ., neither . nor . 等词连接的并列句，在意义上主要对前一句子作补充或引申。One day, I was late, and my teacher was angry.有一天我迟到了，我的老师生气了。(2)or, either . or . 连接并列句表示选择意义。The children can go with us, or they can stay in. (选择)孩子们可以跟我们一起去，也可以留下。The workers were chee
8、rful, or at least they appeared to be cheerful. (换个说法)工人们非常高兴，或者说他们至少表现得很高兴。3注意事项(1)“祈使句and/or陈述句”句型该句型中的祈使句表示条件，后面的陈述句表示结果。and表示前后句意思的顺延，or表示前后句意思的转折。Dont turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.在关闭所有程序前不要关闭电脑，要不然会出问题的。具体运用中，该句型中的祈使句常省略为名词短语等。One more minute, a
9、nd we can finish the job much better.再给一分钟，我们会把工作做得更好。(2)but/while的区别but表示意义的转折；while既表示转折又表示对比；however为表示转折意义的副词，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。Neighbors should do all they can to avoid disturbing other people, but there are times when some level of disturbance is unavoidable.邻居们应尽可能避免烦扰别人，但是很多时候有些打扰是不可避免的。Theres n
10、o way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery while another man, also intelligent, fails.为什么一个人会作出一个重要的发现，而另一个人，也很聪明但是失败了，这不得而知。(表示两种情况的对比)(3)并列连词when的用法when可作并列连词，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird.汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被
11、一只鸟吸引住了。One Friday, we were packing to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help.一个礼拜五，我们正在收拾行李去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。(4)表示因果关系的并列连词(含连接副词)for, so, thus, therefore等的用法We must start early, for it will take two hours to drive to the airport.我们必须早点动身，因为开车去机场得花两个小时。The shops were closed
12、 so I didnt get any milk.商店都关门了，所以我没买到牛奶。注意for引出的分句只能后置，并用逗号与前面的句子隔开；它主要用来表示推测性的原因，或附带解释说明前一分句的情况。so用于连接两个句子，第一个叙述原因，第二个表示结果，且不能与because连用。考点 2 从属连词和状语从句 时间状语从句1when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句(1)when 表示“当时；在期间”。When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.我住在那里时，星期天常到海滨去。(2)while 表示“在期间”，从句
13、中常用延续性动词。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.在别人工作的时候，请别这么大声音说话。(3)as表示“一边一边，随着”。As time goes on, its getting warmer and warmer.随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越温暖了。注意(1)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when/while/as可以互换使用。When/While/As I was walking down the street， I came across an old frie
14、nd of mine.我正沿着大街走时，碰巧遇到了我的一位老朋友。(2)when还可表原因，意为“既然”。How can I help them to understand when they wont listen to me？既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？2as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner . than ., hardly/scarcely . when . 和once (一就)这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作
15、随即就发生，常译为“一就”。The moment I heard the voice, I knew Father was coming.我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。注意(1)no sooner . than .，hardly/scarcely . when . 句型的时态运用：主句的谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。He
16、had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。(2)“onv.ing”和“ononesn.”结构。当v.ing和n.在意义上相对应时，这两个结构可以互换。On arriving the station, the thief was arrested.刚到火车站，这个小偷就被逮捕了。On his arrival in Paris
17、he was recognized as a noble and thrown into prison.他刚到巴黎，就被认出是位贵族并被投入监狱。3till, until和not . until引导的时间状语从句(1)“延续性动词(肯定式)until/till”表示“到为止”。We walked along the river until/till it was dark.我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。(2)“瞬间动词(否定式)until/till”表示“直到才发生”。He didnt know anything about it until/till I told him.直到我告诉他，他才知
18、道这件事。(3)强调句型：It is/was not until . that . It was not until the professor came that we began the experiment.直到教授来了，我们才开始做实验。注意(1)till不可以置于句首，而until可以。Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我才知道这件事。(2)not until置于句首，主句要用倒装结构。Not until the film began did she arrive.直到电影开始她才到。4before与since引导的时间状语从句
19、(1)before与since的常用句式连词词义常用句式before在之前；还未就；才；还没来得及就It will (not) be一段时间before . (没有)过时间才(就)It was not一段时间before . 没多久就It was时间段before . 过了(时间)才since自从以来，It is/has been一段时间since . (从句用一般过去时)It was一段时间since . (从句用过去完成时)Some time passed before my stepfather and I got used to each other.(之后才)继父和我相处一段时间后才
20、彼此习惯。Someone called me up at midnight, but he hung up before I could answer the phone.(还没来得及就)有人半夜给我打电话，但我还没来得及接就挂断了。It will be two years before he leaves the country.再过两年他才会离开这个国家。It wasnt two years before he left the country.不到两年他就离开了这个国家。(2)since引导的从句如果用非延续性动词，所表示的动作自从句谓语动词所表示的动作开始时算起；若用延续性动词，所表示
21、的动作自从句谓语的动作或状态的完成或结束时算起。Its two years since we arrived here.我们到这儿两年了。Its three years since we lived here.我们不住在这里有三年了。5“Itbe时间从句”句型“Itbe时间从句”句型是高考考查的热点，其中连接词的选择是个难点。突破这个难点的关键是要把握好句意，根据句意的需要选择合适的连接词：(1)表示“再过多长时间某事才会发生”，用“It will be时间段before从句”。It will be three weeks before we have the next exam.再过三周我们
22、就要进行下一次考试了。(2)表示“自以来有多长时间了”，用“It be时间段since从句”，如果主句用一般现在时，从句用一般过去时；如果主句用一般过去时，则从句用过去完成时。It is three years since he joined the army.自从他参军以来已经三年了。He said it was three years since he had joined the army.他说他参军已经三年了。(3)“It be时间状语that其他”构成强调句型，意思是“正是在某一时间发生了某事”。It was at six oclock that we got home.正是在六点我
23、们到了家。(4)“It be时间点when从句”表示“某事发生在什么时间”，it指代时间。It was six oclock when we got home.当我们到家的时候六点了。6every time, each time, next time, the last time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当，每次，下次，上次”等Every/Each time I was in trouble, he would come to help me out.每当我处于困境，他就会来帮助我。The last time she saw James, he was lying in bed.
24、上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。 条件状语从句1if和unless引导的条件状语从句。if表示正面的条件，意为“如果”；unless(if . not)表示反面的条件，意为“除非，如果不”If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.要是你早来几分钟就碰到他了。Youll fail the exam unless you study hard(if you dont study hard)除非你努力学习，否则你考试会不及格。2in case, on condition that, providing (that
25、), provided (that)，supposing (that), suppose (that)等词汇意思相近，意为“万一，假使，假如，在条件下”In case there is a fire, what will we do first?万一发生火灾，我们首先要做什么？Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还能求助于谁？They agreed to lend us the car on condition that we returned it befo
26、re the weekend.他们同意把车借给我们，条件是我们在周末前归还。3as long as(so long as)引导语气强烈的条件状语从句，意为“只要”As long as you dont lose heart, you will succeed.你只要不灰心，就会成功。4在“祈使句and/or/or else/otherwise陈述句”句型中，祈使句在意义上相当于条件状语从句Run faster and youll catch the bus.跑快点，你就会赶上公共汽车的。Work hard, otherwise youll fail.努力干，要不你就会失败的。5if only
27、“如果就好了”和only if “只有”也可以引导条件状语从句。但是当only if置于句首时，主句部分倒装If only I were as clever as you.我要是像你一样聪明就好了。Only if a teacher has given permission is a student allowed to leave the classroom.学生只有得到老师的许可才能离开教室。 让步状语从句1although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if(即使)引导的让步状语从句although与though两者意思相同，一般可互换，都可以与yet,
28、still或nevertheless连用，但不能和but连用。He is unhappy, though/although he has a lot of money.虽然他很有钱，但他并不幸福。Although/Though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.虽然雨下得很大，但他们还是继续踢足球。Even though/if it rains tomorrow, well go there.(陈述语气)即使明天下雨，我们也要去那里。He went out even though it was raining.尽管在下
29、雨，他还是出去了。注意though还可用作副词，意为“可是，然而”，置于句末。He said he would come； he didnt， though.他说他会来，可是没有来。2as或though引导让步状语从句时倒装的情况as或though引导的从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。Child as/though he is, he can tell the names of all the cars.尽管他是孩子，但他能辨认出所有车的名字。Much as/though I like it, I wont buy
30、it, for its too expensive.虽然我很喜欢它，但不会买，因为它太贵了。注意though引导的从句可以像as引导的从句一样用倒装语序，但是although引导的从句只能用正常语序。注意比较下面的说法：()Smart though/as she is， she doesnt study hard.()Though she is smart， she doesnt study hard.()Although she is smart， she doesnt study hard.()Smart although she is， she doesnt study hard.()A
31、s she is smart， she doesnt study hard.3whether . or . (不管还是)；疑问词ever与no matter疑问词(不管；无论)Whether she comes here or we go there, the topic of the discussion will remain unchanged.不管是她来这儿还是我们去那儿，讨论的话题都不会变。Whatever (No matter what) you say, he wont believe you.(让步状语从句)无论你说什么，他都不会相信你。Whoever you are (No
32、matter who you are), you must obey the rules.(让步状语从句)无论你是谁，都要遵守规则。(注意whoever， whatever， whomever， whichever还可以引导名词性从句。You can take whatever you like.(宾语从句)你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。4while也可作从属连词引导让步状语从句，相当于althoughWhile I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我并不认为这些问题
33、不能解决。 地点状语从句1地点状语从句是指在复合句中作地点状语的从句，表示空间关系，可置于句首、句中或句末，通常由从属连词where, wherever等引导We should go where the Party needs us most.我们应到党最需要我们的地方去。You are free to go wherever you like.你愿意去哪里就去哪里。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Wherever there is smoke, there is a fire.无火不生烟。(无风不起浪)2注意区分where引导的定语
34、从句与状语从句Youd better make a mark where you have any question.(状语从句)Youd better make a mark at the place where you have any question.(定语从句)你最好在有问题的地方做一下标记。注意如何判断一个从句是不是地点状语从句呢？对于地点状语从句，我们要知道，这类状语从句用于说明谓语动作发生的地点，通常跟在谓语动词(短语)后面，where前没有表示地点的先行词，知道这一点，就会很容易判断出句子是不是地点状语从句。 原因状语从句1引导原因状语从句的连词主要有：because, as
35、, since等。并列连词for也可表示原因。每个连词的含义不尽相同It was because he was late for class that he was criticized by the teacher.正是因为他迟到了老师才批评他。I cant go with you, as I have a lot of work to do.我不能和你一起去，因为我有很多工作要做。Now that/Since everyone is here, we can begin our discussion.既然大家都在这儿，我们可以开始讨论了。2when (既然)，seeing that (鉴于
36、，由于)，considering that (考虑到)，in that (因为)等也可以引导原因状语从句It was foolish of you to take a taxi when you could walk there in five minutes.既然步行5分钟就能到那里，你却去乘出租汽车，真够愚蠢的。Seeing that there were less than half the members present, the meeting had to be postponed.鉴于到会的成员还没一半，会议只好延期举行。 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that,
37、in order that, for fear that, in case (以防), lest等。1so that与in order that这两个连词都表示“为了，以便”，引导的目的状语从句常与情态动词can, could, may, might等连用。in order that引导的从句可以置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。I am studying hard so that/in order that I can enter a famous university.为了能上一所名牌大学，我一直努力学习。In order that we could save
38、 time we used the computer.我们使用计算机是为了节省时间。(此时不可使用so that)2for fear that表示“生怕，以免”，in case表示“以防”Batteries must be kept in dry places for fear that electricity (should) leak away.电池应该放在干燥的地方，以免漏电。Ill keep a seat for you in case you should change your mind.我给你留个座位，没准儿你会改变主意。 结果状语从句常用来引导结果状语从句的引导词或短语有so
39、that, so . that . , such . that . 1结构形式There was so little food at home that we had to go out to buy some.家里快没食物了，我们只好出去买一些。Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.迈克是一个如此诚实的工人，以至于我们都相信他。He has made such rapid progress that he was prai
40、sed by his teacher three times a day.他取得了如此快的进步，以致老师一天表扬了他三次。注意区别so . that和such . that的用法：名前such，形、副so，that从句跟在后；多多少少必用so，特别注意是little；“小”用such，“少”用so2当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能解决所有的难题。Such was the force o
41、f the explosion that all the windows were broken.爆炸的威力如此巨大，以致所有的窗户都被震破了。 方式状语从句1方式状语从句常由as, just as, as if/though等引导，多置于主句之后You ought to write as he does.你应该像他那样写。He did as (he had been) told.他遵嘱而行。2as if或as though引导的方式状语从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气He likes to talk big as if/though he were an
42、important person.他老爱说大话，就仿佛他是一位重要人物似的。He walked as though/if he was drunk.他走起路来就像喝醉了一样。 比较状语从句1as . as .; not so/as . as .; the same . as . 表示相同程度的比较，肯定句用as . as .，否定句可用not as . as或not so . asHe doesnt run so/as fast as Jack (does)他跑得不如杰克快。2than表示不同程度的比较，主句中用形容词或副词的比较级It was more expensive than I th
43、ought.它比我想象的要贵。3the比较级，the比较级，表示“越就越”The more you eat, the fatter you will be.吃得越多，你将越胖。误区并列连词的缺失或误用(1)【误】We bought her a birthday present, she liked it very much.【正】We bought her a birthday present, and she liked it very much.分析分析句式可知，两个分句之间缺少连词，结合句意“我们给她买了生日礼物，而且她很喜欢”可知，前后分句之间是并列关系，故在she前加and。(2)【
44、误】Everyone in the town knew him, we had no trouble finding his house.【正】Everyone in the town knew him, so we had no trouble finding his house.分析分析句式可知，两个分句之间缺少连词，结合句意“镇上谁都认识他，因此我们毫不费力就找到了他的家”可知，前后分句之间是因果关系，故在we前加so。(3)【误】Come a little earlier next time, and youll miss the best part of the TV play.【正
45、】Come a little earlier next time, or/otherwise youll miss the best part of the TV play.分析此句是“祈使句or/otherwise陈述句”句型。误区状语从句成分的残缺或连接词的误用(1)【误】Please close the doors and windows before leave the classroom.【正】Please close the doors and windows before you leave the classroom.分析before引导的为时间状语从句，从句中缺失了主语。(2
46、)【误】Teachers and parents should respect us no matter we are in or outside school.【正】Teachers and parents should respect us whether we are in or outside school.分析两句尽管从汉语角度来看意思相同，但是从语法角度no matter一般后跟特殊疑问词，而whether可直接引导状语从句。(3)【误】It was three days when the missing boy was found in a cave.【正】It was thre
47、e days before the missing boy was found in a cave.分析固定句型“It was时间段before .”意为“过了多久才”。(4)【误】Unless you have any question, please dont hesitate to contact me.【正】If you have any question, please dont hesitate to contact me.分析if . not . 相当于unless，根据句意“如果你有任何问题，请尽管和我联系”可知，应用If。误区并列连词和状语从句中的从属连词重复误用(1)【误】
48、Although she felt ill, but she still went to work.【正】Although she felt ill, she still went to work.分析在主从复合句中，although, though不和but连用。(2)【误】Because the rent was that high, so they actually moved down from upstairs.【正】Because the rent was that high, they actually moved down from upstairs.分析在主从复合句中，so和
49、because不能连用。1.单句语法填空Henry is very smart, many of his classmates like him.Hunting elephants was so profitable from 1979 to 1989 the number of elephants in Africa fell from 1.3 million to 600,000.The court heard that neither Daly Miss Hicks, 22, was wearing seat belts at the time of the collision that
50、 happened on November 17, 2011.In fact, the discontent is not useless since you may learn more from it from the things that cheer you up.Whether I was in the car, the house, anywhere else there was sure to be some Beatles, or Buddy Holly constantly playing in the background.答案：sothatnorthanor2单句写作人们
51、谈论怎样消磨时光，然而时光也在悄悄地消磨他们。Men talk of killing time, .不仅他自己对这个科目感兴趣，他的学生也开始表现出兴趣。 he himself interested in the subject, but also his students begin to show interest in it.下次你来的时候，一定记着把你儿子带来。 you come, do remember to bring your son here.一直向前走，你就会看到一座教堂。 straight on, see a church.他刚完成作业母亲就让他弹钢琴。He his homework his mother asked him to play the piano.答案：while time quietly kills themNot only isNext timeGo; and youllhad just finished; when
