1、非谓语动词 英语中的非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词，是各地中考的必考内容之一。其中，不定式和分词是考查的重点。 考点一 动名词的用法动名词由动词原形+-ing构成，与现在分词形式一样。动名词具有名词的性质，在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语和定语等。1. 动名词作主语 动名词作主语时，经常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语后置。如：Getting up early is good for your health. = It is good for your health getting up early. 早起对你的健康有益。 动名词作主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。如：Living her
2、e is very safe. 居住在这里是很安全的。2. 动名词作表语动名词作表语可以转换为动名词作主语。如：The nurses job is looking after the patients. = Looking after the patients is the nurses job. 护士的工作就是照顾病人。3. 动名词作宾语 有些动词后面必须跟动名词作宾语，而不能跟不定式。常见的这类动词有mind，finish，enjoy，practice，keep，miss, consider, suggest等。另外，动名词还可以作介词的宾语。如：Would you mind my smo
3、king? 你介意我抽烟吗?What about going shopping? 去购物怎么样?【链接中考】（2015新疆乌鲁木齐）Where is Tom?He is practicing English he can win the speed competition.A. to speak; in order to B. speaking; so thatC. speaking; in order to D. to speak; so that 【答案】B4. 动名词作定语 动名词作定语，表明它所修饰的词的用途、所属关系等，一般置于被修饰的词前。如：She is reading in t
4、he reading room. 她在阅览室看书。5. 常见的后跟动名词的动词短语能接动名词的短语很多，初中阶段常见的有：be busy 忙于 be worth 值得 cant help 禁不住give up 放弃think of 考虑 be used to 习惯 feel like 想要stopkeepfrom 阻止be good at 擅长 be interested in 对感兴趣 succeed in 成功 look forward to 盼塑 等。如：We look forward to seeing you again. 我们期待着与你再次相见。Have you given up
5、drinking whisky before breakfast? 你在早餐以前已不喝威士忌了吗?【链接中考】（2015湖北荆门）Hello! Mum. Long time no see! Hello! Mary. Are you busy these days? I am looking forward your phone. A. to answer B. answering C. to answering D. answer 【答案】C 考点二 分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词具有主动和正在进行的含义，而过去分词则具有被动和已经完成的含义。分词在句子里可作宾语补足语、定语和状
6、语等。1. 分词作宾语补足语 see，watch，hear，keep，find，notice等动词后可以跟分词作宾语补足语。现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。句子的宾语是现在分词的逻辑主语，它们之间存在主动关系。而过去分词作宾语补足语时，与宾语之间是被动关系。如：I noticed the man leaving the house. 我注意到那人离开这栋房子。I found him crowed by boys. 我发现她被男孩儿们围住了。 haveget sth. done表示“请别人做某事”，其中的过去分词作宾语补足语。如：Ill have my hair cut tomorrow
7、. 明天我将找人给我理发。I must get my bike repaired. 我必须请人修理我的自行车。【链接中考】（2015湖北孝感） Is Jack in the next room? Well, its hard to say. But I heard him _ loudly when I passed by just now.A. speak B. to speak C. spoken D. speaking【答案】D2. 分词作定语 分词作定语时，单个分词放在被修饰的名词前；分词短语则须置于被修饰的名词之后。如：The broken window needs repairin
8、g. 那扇破窗户需要修补。Do you know the boy standing at the door? 你认识站在门口的那个男孩吗?The car bought by my father is made in Germany. 我爸爸买的那辆汽车是德国生产的。3. 分词作状语 分词作状语，主要表示时间、原因、条件、结果、伴随状况等。如：They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing. 他们有说有笑地走出了教室。(伴随状语)考点三 动词不定式动词不定式在句中起的是名词、形容词、副词的作用，可作主语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。形式是“t
9、o十动词原形”，但“to”有时要省去。在具体运用时，用不用“to”，取决于谓语动词的用法。1. 作主语动词不定式短语作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。现代英语倾向于采用先行词it，把不定式结构后置的形式。如：To travel around China is my dream. 环游中国是我的梦想。Its our duty to clean the classroom. 打扫教室是我们的责任。我们学过以下几种it作形式主语的句型： It is十形容词十 to do sth.Its easy to make mistakes. 犯错误是容易的。Its best to come to
10、China in spring. 最好在春天来中国。 It is十形容词十for sb. to do sth.如果要强调to do sth.的逻辑主语，则用这个复合结构。如：Its easy for us to make mistakes.对我们来说，犯错误太容易了。 It is十形容词十of sb. to do sth.如果形容词是sb.的一种特性，如clever，good, nice，kind等，不定式前要用of sb.而不用 for。例如：Its very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好了。 It takes (sb.)十时间十 to do sth.这种
11、结构意为“做某事要花（某人）多少时间”，如：It only took the students half an hour to walk to the town. 步行到那个小镇只花了学生们半个小时。【链接中考】（黑龙江省鸡西）- How long does it take your father _ to work every day?- About half an hour.A. drives B. driving C. to drive【答案】C 2. 作表语动词不定式作表语时，主要表示愿望、责任、义务等，一般可转化为动词不定式作主语。如：His wish is to be a poli
12、ce. 他的愿望就是当一名警察。 = To be a policeman is his wish. 当一名警察是他的愿望。3. 作宾语would like, decide, hope, plan, want, learn, seem, choose, fail, agree等后只能跟动词不定式作宾语。如：They agreed to start early. 他们同意早点儿动身。We planned to go hiking. 我们计划去徒步旅行。【链接中考】（北京）Granny often tells us _ water in our daily life.A. save B. savin
13、g C. to save D. saves【答案】C（湖北省黄石）- What would you like for breakfast ?- I like hamburgers. But now Id like _ some cakes.A. eating B. to eat C. to drink D. drinking【答案】B4. 作宾语补足语动词不定式作宾语补足语是动词不定式用法的一个重点，学习时要注意以下三种情况： 作动词ask, like, tell等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to不可以省略。如：He asked me to talk about English study.
14、他请我谈谈英语学习。 作使役动词let, have, make以及感官动词feel, hear, see, watch等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to省略。如：The teacher made him say the word like this.老师让他这样说这个单词。 作动词help的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号to可以带，也可以不带。如：Could you help me (to) carry the heavy box? 你能帮我搬这个沉重的箱子吗？【链接中考】（2015广西贵港）Jim wants to hang out with his friends at night, bu
15、t his parents dont allow him _ so.A. do B. does C. to do D. doing【答案】C5. 作状语动词不定式及其短语具有副词的特性，可在句中用作状语。 放在句首也可以放在句尾表示目的等。如：He stopped to have a rest.他停下来休息。 跟在作表语的形容词或过去分词的后面，表示产生某种感情的时间（或原因）。如：Im sorry to hear that.听到那件事我感到很难过。 用在too. to.结构中。如：He is too young to understand all that. 他太年轻了，不能理解这件事。【链
16、接中考】（2015吉林）Alan often goes to the old peoples home up the old and look after them.A. to cheer B. cheer C. cheers【答案】A6. 作定语动词不定式短语作定语时，应放在所修饰的名词、代词之后。动词不定式与被修饰的词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系。如：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要作。【注意】如果作定语的动词不定式短语中的动词是不及物动词，切记不能漏掉介词。如：I have a small room to live in. 我有一间小屋可以居住。【链接中考
17、】（甘肃省兰州）We have two rooms _, but I cant decide _.A. to live, to choose which one B. lived, choose which oneC. to live in, which one to choose D. live, which one【答案】C考点四 不带to的动词不定式1. 感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，可概括为：一感（feel），二听（listen to, hear），三让(（let, make, have）, 四看（look at, see, watch, notice）”。如
18、：I heard someone knock at the door just now.刚才我听到有人敲门。【注意】感官动词后接动词不定式短语作宾语补足语时强调动作经常发生或强调动作发生的全过程；而接现在分词时则强调动作正在进行。试比较：I often see him play basketball on the playground. 我经常看见他在操场上打篮球。I saw him playing basketball when I passed the playground.我经过操场的时候，看见他正在打篮球。【链接中考】（吉林省通化）The woman made his son _ fi
19、nally after she told him some jokes.A. laughed B. to laughC. laughD. laughing【答案】C（四川省卷）While I was walking along the lake, I saw some fish _ out of the water.A. jumped B. to jump C. jumping D. are jumping【答案】C2. 在would you please，had better，why not，would rather等结构后，应用不带to的动词不定式。如：Would you please m
20、ake your bed? 请整理一下你的床好吗?Why not go and play basketball? 为什么不去打篮球呢?3. 两个并列的带to的动词不定式由and或or连接时，第二个不定式符号常常省略。如：She has learned to read and write. 她已经学会了读和写。I dont want to visit my teacher or ask him any questions. 我不想去拜访我的老师，也不想问他任何问题。考点五 疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式可以用在疑问词what，how，when，where，which等之后，作主语、宾语、宾语补足语
21、等。如：I dont know what to say.我不知道说什么。Can you tell me how to use the computer? 你能告诉我怎样使用这台电脑吗？ 能用这种不定式短语作宾语的动词有：tell, show, know, learn, forget等。如：I cant decide which sweater to buy! 我不能决定买哪一件毛衣！在运用这个句型结构时应注意： 疑问代词往往是这一结构中不定式的宾语，因此，不定式中的动词应是及物动词或相当于及物动词的短语动词。而疑问副词在这一结构中只能作状语。 作宾语用的带疑问词的不定式短语相当于一个宾语从句。
22、可以通过用“疑问词+不定式”结构把一个复合句转换成简单句。如：She didnt know where she could find the children.She didnt know where to find the children.Can you tell me what I will do next?Can you tell me what to do next? 某些动词后面的不定式短语省去疑问词并不会造成意义上的差异。如：He learned (how) to swim last Sunday.但在动词know后面的不定式一定要有疑问词，决不能省去。【链接中考】（2015湖南
23、永州）Could you please tell me _ next? A. how to doB. how to do it C. what to do it 【答案】C考点六 动词后跟to do语doing时的异同1. 意义上无太大区别的情况有些动词后可跟to do和doing作宾语，意义上无太大区别，如like，love，hate，prefer，begin，start，continue等。如：She hates to eat(eating) fried food. 她不喜欢吃油炸食物。I have begun to learn(learning) Russian. 我已经开始学习俄语了。
24、【注意】like to do sth. 指具体某一次的动作；而like doing sth.指经常性的动作。如：I likes playing basketball, but I doesnt like to play basketball this afternoon.他喜欢打篮球，但今天下午他不想打。2. 意义上有很大区别的情况有些动词(短语)后跟to do和doing作宾语时，意义上有很大的区别，如remember，forget，stop，go on等。 forget to do sth. 忘记了要去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记了曾经做过某事 remember to
25、do sth. 记着要去做某件事 remember doing sth. 记得过去曾经做过的某件事 stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 stop ding sth. 停止正在做的某件事 go on to do sth. 接着做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续做同一件事【链接中考】（四川省眉山）Just before the Chinese class, I suddenly realized that I forgot _ my Chinese text book.A. bring B. bringing C. and bring D. to bring【答案】
26、D（青海省，宁夏）When we came to the gate, he stopped _ me go in first. A. to letB. to tellC. to allowD. to ask【答案】A考点七 动名词的常用句型 godoing sth. 去做 be worth doing sth. 值得做 cant helpdoing sth.禁不住 be used todoing sth. 习惯做 It is no use(good)doing sth. 做没有 withoutdoing sth. 没有做就 nodoing 表示“禁止，不准”。一、用所给动词的正确形式填空。1.
27、 Are you good at _(swim)?2. What bout _ (go) out for a walk?3. Its time for class. Please stop _(talk).4. Lets _ (play) games, shall we?5. Its time _ (have) lunch. 6. Thank you very much for _(help) 7. I hope _ (be) a doctor when I grow up.8. These questions are easy _(answer)9. Hes always ready _(h
28、elp) others.10. Would you like something _(drink)?11. What makes you _(think) I am a teacher.12. Im sorry _(keep) you _(wait) so long time.13. Does they like _(play) football after school?14. It was nice _(talk) to you.15. Would you please _(go) there with me?16. Its dangerous _(play) in the street.
29、17. Do you enjoy _ (live) in China?18. Jim asked me _(help) him with his lessons.19. He wants _ (borrow) a book from the school library.20. Youd better _(not be) late for the meeting next time.21. He went to bed after he finished _(write) the letter.22. He told us _(not, play) on the road.23. Its be
30、st _(wear) warm clothes in winter.24. _(take) a walk after supper is good for our health.25. Walk along this road, and take the first _(turn) on the right.26. Do you know the boy _(call) James?27. Id like _(have) a glass of water, please.28. Everything begins _(grow) in spring.29. I have quite a lot
31、 of homework _(do).30. Dont forget _(tell) him about this.31. Why not _(come) to school a little early?32. They went _(fish) the day before yesterday.33. I do some _(wash) every Sunday.34. The boy is too young _(go) to school.35. When did you learn _(skate)?二、选择填空。1. My aunt played the light music t
32、o make the baby _ crying.A. stoppedB. stops C. to stopD. stop2. - Bob speaks Chinese quite well.- Yes, so he does. He practices _ Chinese every day.A. speakingB. speak C. speaksD. spoke3. Mr. White is of great help; you _ let him go.A. had not betterB. had better dontC. had better notD. had no bette
33、r4. My grandmother wants _ around the world because she enjoys _ new places.A. traveling; seeingB. to travel; to seeC. to travel; seeingD. traveling; to see5. The teacher told Lucy _ too much time _ computer games.A. not to spend; inB. to not spend; onC. didnt spend; playingD. not to spend; playing6
34、. Our teacher saw us _ on the desks and went out of the classroom.A. to sitB. satC. sits D. sitting7. Every day I spend two hours _ my homework.A. finishing to doB. finishing doingC. to finish to doD. to finish doing8. They stopped _ and _ out to play when they _ the bell ring for rest.A. working; w
35、ent; heardB. work; to go; hearC. working; go; hearingD. working; going; heard9. Would you please _ on the road? A car may hit us.A. not to playB. not playC. to not playD. dont play10.- When can I go out to play football, Mum?- Finish your homework first, or I wont let you _.A. to go outB. go outC. g
36、oing out D. will go out11. Please dont forget _ to me, will you?A. to writeB. writingC. write D. writes12. The soldier ran into the room _ the baby.A. savingB. to save C. savesD. saved13.- _ we make it half past seven?- What about _ it a little earlier?A. Shall; makingB. Shall; to makeC. Will; makin
37、gD. Will; to make14. It is better to teach a man to fish than _ him fish.A. to giveB. giving C. to findD. finding15. This TV set is too loud. Why not _?A. turn down itB. turn it downC. to turn it downD. to turn down it16. We found it difficult _ there on time.A. getB. to getC. gettingD. got17. Im so
38、rry to have kept you _ for a long time.A. waitB. to waitC. waitingD. to be waiting18. We dont allow _ in this room.A. smokingB. to smokeC. people smoking D. people to smoking19. I havent got a chair _. Will you make room for me?A. to sitB. to sit inC. for sittingD. sitting on20. It was so cold that
39、the travelers had the fire _.A. burningB. to burnC. burn D. burnt三、用所给动词的正确形式完成对话。Jason: Im going to town this afternoon. Would you like (1)_(come)?Andy: I cant. I havent finished (2)_ (clean) my room and I promised (3)_ (do) it this afternoonsJason: I dont mind (4)_ (help) you (5)_ (clean) the room
40、Andy: No, its all right, really. Thanks for (6)_ (invite) me, but Ill (7)_(do) it myself. Why dont we (8)_ (go) out somewhere this evening?Jason: OK. Where shall we (9)_ (go)?Andy: How about (10)_ (go) to the cinema?Jason: I cant afford (11)_(go) to the cinema at the moment.Andy: All right, then. Ho
41、w about (12)_ (go) to the Zap Bar for a coffee?Jason: OK. Good idea. Lets (13)_ (do) that.【答案】一、1.swimming 2.going 3.talking 4.play 5.to have 6.helping 7.to be 8.to answer 9.to help 10.to drink 11.think 12.to keep 13.playing 14.to talk 15.to go 16.to play 17.living 18.to help 19.to borrow 20.not be
42、21.writing 22.not to play 23.to wear 24.Taking 25.turning 26.called 27.to have 28.to grow 29.to do 30.to tell e 32.fishing 33.washing 34.to go 35.to skate二、1-5 DACCD 6-10 DBABB 11-15 ABAAB 16-20 BCABD三、1.to come 2.cleaning 3.to do 4.helping 5.clean/ to clean 6.inviting 7.do 8.go 9.go 10.going 11.to go 12.going 13.do10
