1、专题12 强调句型等特殊句式误用 易错题【01】强调易错题【02】倒装易错题【03】省略 易错题【04】其他 01 强调【2016天津】You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel _ the coach picks up tourists.A. who B. which C. where D. that【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。使用强调句，结构是：It is/was+强调部分+that+其余部分，如果强调部分是人，也可以用who，这句话强调的是
2、地点状语 at the hotel。故选D。【答案】 D【叮嘱】 强调(一)强调谓语动词用助动词do, does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。She did tell me her address, but I forgot all about it.她确实告诉过我她的地址，但我全忘了。(二)强调句型1强调句型的基本结构：It is/was被强调部分that/who句子其他部分。该句型可对句子中谓语以外的成分进行强调。当被强调部分指人，且作主语时，可用who或that，其他情况一律用that。It is only by listeni
3、ng to and understanding each other that problems between parents and children can be settled.只有通过倾听和相互理解，父母和孩子之间的问题才可能被解决。【注意】 强调主语时，要注意连接词和谓语的一致性；谓语动词的形式仍与主语保持一致。It is our teacher who/that helps us make great progress.正是我们的老师帮助我们取得了很大的进步。2强调句型的一般疑问句结构：Is/Wasit被强调部分that/who句子其他部分？Was it yesterday th
4、at you met your teacher in the street?你是昨天在大街上碰到你的老师的吗？3强调句型的特殊疑问句结构：特殊疑问词is/wasitthat句子其他部分？Why was it that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday?究竟是因为什么你昨天没有来开会？【提示】 由疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序。She doesnt know who it was that saved her son.她不知道是谁救了她的儿子。4notuntil的强调句型结构：It is/was not untiltha
5、t句子其他部分。It was not until the next day that I learned the truth.直到第二天，我才明白事情的真相。5强调句型与其他易混句式辨析：(1)强调句和定语从句在强调句型中that没有词义，且不作任何成分；定语从句中的that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。试比较：It is novels that Miss Wang enjoys reading.(强调句)It is a question that needs careful consideration.(定语从句)在实际考查中，命题人可能会将定语从句隐藏于强调句型中进行考查，增加
6、了题目难度。(2)强调句和主语从句强调句型去掉“it is/was”和“that”之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句则不能。试比较：Its there that the accidents often happen.(强调句)It is said that English is being accepted as an international language.(主语从句)(3)强调句和时间状语从句强调句型去掉“it is/was”和“that”之后，句子结构仍然完整，而“it iswhen”中，it指时间。试比较：It was at six oclock that I got up ea
7、rly.(强调句)It was six oclock when I got up early.(状语从句)1. （2015湖南）It was when we were returning home I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.【答案】that【解析】句意：当我们回家的时候，我意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉真好。when we were returning home是一个when引导的时间状语从句，对应的主句是后面整个句子，去掉It was和空处，句子成立，说明该句是个强调句型。2.（
8、2015重庆）Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.【答案】that【解析】句意：Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。but之后是一个强调not until引导的时间状语从句的强调句式，故用that。 02 倒装【2016江苏】Not until recently _the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.A.
9、 they had encouraged B. had they encouraged C. did they encourage D. they encouraged【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】考查部分倒装。当not until所引导的时间状语放在句首的时候，主句要使用部分倒装句。排除AD项，B项为过去完成时，上下文中并没有体现出过去的过去的时间。句意：直到最近他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游业有关的活动。故C正确。【答案】C【叮嘱】倒装句(一)部分倒装部分倒装是把谓语的一部分提到主语前面，即把谓语部分的“助动词/情态动词/be动词”提到主语的前面，谓语的其他部
10、分仍在主语后面。具体情况如下：1将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首时引起部分倒装结构。这类词(组)和句型有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcelywhen， no soonerthan， not onlybut also， not until, nowhere, neithernor等。John talked with me for about an hour yesterday. Never had I heard him talk so much.John
11、昨天和我谈了约一个小时，我从未听过他说那么多话。2表示前面所说的情况也适用于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor助动词/系动词/情态动词主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。Lily cant play tabletennis. Neither/Nor can I. Lily不会打乒乓球，我也不会。3so/suchthat结构中的so, such 连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。So difficult did I find it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom
12、 for advice.我觉得这个问题太难解决了，所以决定向Tom征求建议。4“only状语(从句)”置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。Only after my friend came was the computer repaired.只有在我朋友来了之后，电脑才修好。5在as/though引导的让步状语从句中，从句的表语/状语/动词要位于句首，构成倒装结构。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词，其前不加冠词。Child as he was, he made a living by himself.尽管他是个孩子，他却得自己谋生。6在虚拟条件句中，条件句中的if省略时，助动词had, were, sh
13、ould要提到主语前面。If it should rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go camping.Should it rain tomorrow, we wouldnt go camping.如果明天下雨，我们就不去露营。7“may动词原形”表示祝愿时，通常将may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May you succeed.祝你成功。(二)完全倒装谓语完全放在主语之前的句子，即完全倒装句。下列情形使用完全倒装句式：1here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, away, on the wall, in the room 等表示地点
14、、时间或方位的副词或介词(短语)置于句首，且主语为名词时，句子用完全倒装。Be quick！Here comes the bus.快点，公共汽车来了！【注意】 上述情况中，若主语是人称代词，则句子用部分倒装。Away they went.他们走了。2有时为平衡句子结构或突出、强调，将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，构成“表语系动词主语”的完全倒装结构。Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other scholars.出席会议的有White教授，还有许多其他学者。3suchbe主语Such are the fac
15、ts: no one can deny them.这些就是事实，没有人可以否认它们。1.(2019天津,12)The professor warned tie students that on no account _ use mobile phones in his class.A. should they B. they should C. dare theyD. they dare【答案】A 【解析】 考查部分倒装。句意：这位教授警告学生们，在他的课堂上，决不应该使用手机。on no account决不，否定词放在句首，句子使用部分倒装，应该做should do,敢于做dare do，根
16、据句意表示”应该“，故选A。2. 【2017江苏卷】_ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it【答案】B 【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中，be动词统一用were；虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略，同时把were/should/had提前，即Were /Should/ Had I.，故选B。句意：要不是老师们的支持，该生是无法克服她自己的困难的。 03 省略【2018新课标II卷
17、】Chinas approach to protecting its environment while _70_ (feed) its citizens offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide. says the banks Juergen Voegele.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is
18、，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。【答案】feeding【叮嘱】省略(一)状语从句中的省略在as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，且从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句主语是it时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。Unless (I am) invited, I wont go to the party.除非被邀请，否则我是不会去参加那
19、个派对的。(二)动词不定式的省略1常在be afraid, be glad, forget, hope, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, refuse, seem, try, want, wish等的后面省略动词不定式后面的内容，只保留to。Will you join in the game？你愿意一起做游戏吗？Id be glad to.我很乐意。2如果不定式中含有be, have, have been，通常保留be, have和have been。Are you a sailor？你是一名海员吗？No, but I used to be.不，但我过去是。
20、(三)so/not构成替代省略英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在Im afraid/I hope/I think/I guess/I believe等后面，构成答句。Do you think it will rain？你认为会下雨吗？I hope so/not.我希望下/不下。(四)常用的省略结构常用的省略结构有：if ever如果有过的话， if busy如果忙的话， if anything如果有什么不同， if possible如果可能的话， if so如果那样的话， if not如果不的话， if necessary如果必要的话。1.【2016
21、江苏】Only those who have a lot in common can getalong well. . Opposites sometimes do attract.A. I hope notB.I think soC.I appreciatethatD.I beg to differ【答案】D【解析】考查交际用语。I hope not我可不希望这样；I think so我认为如此；I appreciate that我很感激；I beg to differ恕我不能同意。由答语后句Opposites sometimes do attract.（意见相反的人有时会相互吸引。）可知两
22、个人的意见并不一致。故D项符合语境。2.（2015湖南）Video games can be a poor influence if (leave) in the wrong hands. 【答案】left 【解析】句意：电子游戏如果使用不当就会产生不良影响。leave与其逻辑主语Video games之间是动宾关系，故用过去分词。if left.是状语从句的省略形式。 04 其他 （2016甲卷（全国）It could be anything gardening, cooking, music, sports but whatever it is, (make) sure its a rel
23、ief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。【问诊】考查祈使句。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句。其中第二个分句中，whatever引导让步状语从句，其后为祈使句充当主句。故填make。【答案】make 【叮嘱】其他特殊句式(一)感叹句感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美等的语气。感叹句常用于以下四个句型： What smart boys (they are)!这些孩子多聪明啊！How amusing the story is！How amusing a stor
24、y it is!这个故事太有趣了！(二)祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you，但通常省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dont，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。祈使句的常见句型如下： One more day, and Ill get everything ready.再多给我一天， 我就会把一切准备好。(三)There be句型1不要把there be句型误用作there have/has。2在一些固定句式中，不要把there be中的there误用作it。常见的there be句型及相似句型有：1 (
25、2018北京高考改编)In any unsafe situation, simply_(press)the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need.【答案】press【解析】句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按一下这个按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你所需要的帮助。此题为“祈使句and陈述句”结构，所以用动词原形。2.（2014新课标全国改错）They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.【答案】TheyThere 【解析】考查T
26、here be句型。根据句子结构来判断，要用There be句型，意思是有。句意：在上午有三节课，下午有两节课。故把They改为There。 .单句语法填空 1You can never be careful enough when _(take) an exam. taking解析句意：考试时你越仔细越好。本句含有一个省略结构：when taking an examwhen you are taking an exam。2It rained heavily overnight and not until this morning _ it stop.did解析句意：大雨下了一整夜，直到今天早
27、晨才停了下来。not until置于句首，后面的句子需用倒装形式；本句介绍的是过去的事情，需用一般过去时，故填did。3Some of you may have finished Unit One.If _, you can go on to Unit Two.so解析句意：你们中的一些人可能已经完成了第一单元。如果这样的话，你们可以继续第二单元。代替上面的情况，用so；if so如果这样的话。4It was not until he came to China _ he knew what kind of a country she was.that解析句意：直到他来到中国，他才知道中国是个
28、怎样的国家。此处是强调句，强调的是句子的状语部分。5Just in front of our house _(stand) a tall tree with a history of 1,000 years.stands/stood解析句意：就在我们房子的前面矗立着一棵有1 000年历史的大树。表示地点的介词短语Just in front of our house置于句首，且句子的主语为名词，句子要完全倒装，即主语a tall tree要放在谓语之后，故填stands或stood。6Try hard _ I might, I can attach no definite meaning to
29、this rather complicated sentence.as/though解析句意：尽管我尽力尝试，我仍不能理解这个复杂句子的含义。本句是as/though引导让步状语从句，并引起倒装，从句中的动词、副词提前。7It was believed by the ancient Egyptians that intellect was to the mind _ sight was to the body. what解析句意：古埃及人认为智慧对于心灵犹如视觉对于身体(一样重要)。这是一个表示类比的特殊句型，即A is to B what C is to D，表示前后的东西同样重要。8_(c
30、all) tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.Call解析句意：明天打电话给我，我会让你知道实验的结果。此处考查“祈使句and陈述句”句式，故用动词原形。.写作提能一、补全句子1(2018北京卷书面表达/省略)我坐在桌子旁，一边沏茶一边解释每一步过程。I sat at a table, explaining every step of the process _while making tea_.2(2017全国卷书面表达/sothat，部分倒装)它们看起来如此迷人和生动，以至于我想你可能对它感兴趣。_So attractive and a
31、live do they_look that I think you could be interested in it.3(2016北京卷书面表达)他的诗歌不仅对中国文学有很大的影响，而且还被译成多种外语。Not only _do his poems have a strong influence on_ the Chinese literature, but also his poems have been translated into many foreign languages.4成为这个温暖的大家庭的一员，我是多么高兴啊！这是我记忆中最珍贵的时刻之一。_How happy I wa
32、s to be one of the member in this warm family_! This is one of the most treasured moments in my memory.5(2019全国卷书面表达)It will not only be a great opportunity for you to show your excellence, but also we can cooperate with each other to win our glory.(升级为倒装句)_Not only will it be a great opportunity fo
33、r you to show your excellence_, but also we can cooperate with each other to win our glory.6Get up early tomorrow. If you dont get up early, you wont catch the train to Beijing.(升级为省略句)Get up early tomorrow. _If not, you wont catch the train to Beijing_.7(2019全国卷书面表达)As an English major, my learning experience contributes to my free communication with locals.(升级为强调句)As an English major, _it is my learning experience that_ contributes to my free communication with locals.
