1、2022届上海市华东师范大学第二附属中学紫竹校区高三上学期开学考试英语试题II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other
2、blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.What to Say to A Rude PersonRecently, as the British doctor Lord Robert Winston took a train from London to Manchester, he found himself _1_ (become) steadily enraged. A woman had picked up her phone and begun a loud conversation, _2_ would last an unbe
3、lievable hour. Furious, Winston began to tweet about the woman. He took her picture and sent it to his more than 40,000 followers.When the train arrived at its destination, Winston quickly got off for he _3_ (have) enough of the womans rudeness. But the press was now waiting for her on the platform.
4、 And when they gleefully showed her the lords messages, she used just one word to describe Winstons actions: rude.Winstons tale is something of a microcosm of our age of increasing rudeness, _4_ (fuel) by social media (and, often, politics). What can we do to fix this?Studies have shown that rudenes
5、s spreads quickly and virally, almost like the common cold. Just witnessing makes it far more likely that we in turn, will be rude later on. Once infected, we are more aggressive, _5_ (creative) and worse at our jobs. The only way to end a strain is to make a conscious decision to do so. We must hav
6、e the guts to call it out, face to face. We must say, Just stop. For Winston, that _6_ have meant approaching the woman, telling her that her conversation was frustrating other passengers and politely asking her to speak more quietly or make the call at another time.The rage and injustice we feel at
7、 the rude behavior of a stranger can drive us to do odd things. In my own research, surveying 2,000 adults, I discovered that the acts of revenge people had taken ranged from the ridiculous (I rubbed fries on their windshield) to the disturbing (I sabotaged them at work). Winston _7_ shine a spotlig
8、ht on the womans behavior but from afar, in a way that shamed her.We must instead combat rudeness head on. When we see it occur in a store, we must step up and say something. If it happens to a colleague, we must point it out. We must defend strangers in the same way wed defend our best friends. But
9、 we can do it with grace, and by handling it _8_ a trace of aggression and rudeness. Because once rude people can see their actions through the eyes of others, they are far more likely to end that strain_9_ _10_ this ride of rudeness rises, civilization needs civility.【答案】1. becoming 2. which 3. had
10、 4. fueled 5. less creative 6. would 7. did 8. without 9. themselves 10. As【解析】【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要说明了英国医生Lord Robert Winston乘坐火车时，因为受不了车上一个女人的粗鲁而下了车，从而引发了作者对于在社交媒体（通常还有政治）的推动下，粗鲁行为越来越多的讨论。【1题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：最近，当英国医生Lord Robert Winston乘坐火车从伦敦前往曼彻斯特时，他发现自己变得越来越愤怒。此处为find+宾语+宾补结构，become与himself构成主动关系，故用现在
11、分词作宾补。故填becoming。【2题详解】考查定语从句。句意：一个女人拿起电话，开始大声交谈，持续了令人难以置信的一个小时。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词conversation，先行词在从句中作主语，故用关系代词which引导。故填which。3题详解】考查动词时态。句意：火车到站了，温斯顿受够了那个女人的无礼，很快下了车。根据上文When the train arrived at its destination可知用一般过去时。故填had。【4题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：温斯顿的故事可以说是我们这个时代的一个缩影，在社交媒体（通常还有政治）的推动下，粗鲁行为越来越多。分析句子结构可
12、知fuel在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语rudeness构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填fueled。【5题详解】考查比较级。句意：一旦被感染，我们就会变得更有攻击性，创造力也会下降，工作表现也会变差。结合句意表示“创造力下降”应用creative的比较级形式，在前面加less。故填less creative。【6题详解】考查虚拟语气。句意：对温斯顿来说，这本来意味着接近那个女人，告诉她，她的谈话让其他乘客感到沮丧，并礼貌地请她小声点，或者换个时间再打电话。此处表示与过去的事实相反，应用would have done形式。故填would。【7题详解】考查强调句。句意：温斯顿确实把聚
13、光灯对准了这个女人的行为，但从远处看，以一种让她感到羞愧的方式。此处为强调句，强调谓语动词为“助动词+动词原形”，此处为一般过去时，应用did。故填did。【8题详解】考查介词。句意：但我们可以优雅地处理，不带任何攻击性和粗鲁。结合句意表示“不带，没有”应用介词without，后跟名词作宾语。故填without。【9题详解】考查代词。句意：因为一旦粗鲁的人能通过别人的眼睛看到自己的行为，他们就更有可能自己结束这种紧张。结合句意此处表示“他们自己”应用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。【10题详解】考查连词。句意：随着这种粗鲁行为的兴起，文明需要文明。引导时间状语从句，表示
14、“随着”应用连词as，句首单词首字母要大写。故填As。Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. extended B. tasty C. reserve D. resistant E. pause F. consume G. slows H. supplies I. associated J. properties
15、 K. tappingExtreme conditions produce extremely tough plants. The big difference between droughttolerant plants and these tough plants: metabolism. Many different kinds of plants have developed tactics to weather dry spells. Some plants _11_ of water to see them through a drought; others send roots
16、deep down to subsurface water supplies. But once these plants use up their stored water or tap out the underground supply, they cease growing and start to die. They may be able to handle a drought of some length, and many people use the term drought tolerant to describe such plants, but they never a
17、ctually stop needing to _12_ water, so Farrant prefers to call them drought _13_.Resurrection plants, defined as those capable of recovering from holding less than 0.1 grams of water per gram of dry mass, are different. They lack waterstoring structures, and their existence on rock faces prevents th
18、em from _14_ groundwater, so they instead developed the ability to change their metabolism. When they detect a/an _15_ dry period, they change their metabolisms, producing sugars and certain stress _16_ proteins and other materials in their tissues. As the plant dries, these resources take on first
19、the _17_ of honey, then rubber, and finally enter a glasslike state that is the most stable state that the plant can maintain, Farrant says. That _18_ the plants metabolism and protects its driedout tissues. The plants also change shape, shrinking to minimize the surface area through which their rem
20、aining water might evaporate. They can recover from months and years without water, depending on the species.What else can do this dryoutandrevive trick? Seedsalmost all of them. At the start of her career, Farrant studied seeds such as avocados(牛油果) , coffee and lychee(荔枝). Though _19_, such seeds
21、are delicate they cannot bud and grow if they dry out. Most seeds can wait out the dry, unwelcoming seasons until conditions are right and they sprout. Yet once they start growing, such plants seem not to retain the ability to hit the _20_ button on metabolism in their stems or leaves.【答案】11. C 12.
22、F 13. D 14. K 15. A 16. I 17. J 18. G 19. B 20. E【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。极端的条件产生极其顽强的植物，文章主要介绍了“耐旱”植物的一些特性和生存方式。【11题详解】考查动词。句意：有些植物储存水分以度过干旱；另一些则将根系深入地下供水。结合句意表示“储存”应用动词reserve，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为Some plants，谓语用原形。故填reserve。故选C。【12题详解】考查动词。句意：它们可能能够应对一段时间的干旱，许多人用“耐旱”这个词来描述这些植物，但它们实际上从未停止消耗水分，所以Farrant更喜欢称它们为抗
23、旱植物。结合句意表示“消耗”可知应用动词consume，上文to为不定式符号，应填动词原形。故填consume。故选F。【13题详解】考查形容词。句意：它们可能能够应对一段时间的干旱，许多人用“耐旱”这个词来描述这些植物，但它们实际上从未停止消耗水分，所以Farrant更喜欢称它们为抗旱植物。结合句意表示“抗旱植物”可知短语为drought resistant。故填resistant。故选D。【14题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们缺乏储水结构，而且它们在岩石表面的存在使它们无法开采地下水，所以它们发展了改变新陈代谢的能力。结合句意表示“开采”可知应用动词tap，此处作介词的宾语，应用动名词形
24、式。故填tapping。故选K。【15题详解】考查形容词。句意：当它们发现干旱期延长时，它们就会改变新陈代谢，在它们的组织中产生糖和某些与压力相关的蛋白质和其他物质。修饰后文dry period，表示“延长”应用形容词extended。故填extended。故选A。【16题详解】考查形容词。句意：当它们发现干旱期延长时，它们就会改变新陈代谢，在它们的组织中产生糖和某些与压力相关的蛋白质和其他物质。结合句意表示“与相关”可知应填形容词associated，故填associated。故选I。【17题详解】考查名词。句意：Farrant说：“随着植物干燥，这些资源首先具有蜂蜜的特性，然后是橡胶，最后
25、进入玻璃状状态，这是植物能维持的最稳定的状态”。结合句意表示“特性”可知应用名词property，作宾语，此处应用复数形式。故填properties。故选J。【18题详解】考查动词。句意：这减慢了植物的新陈代谢，保护了干燥的组织。空处作谓语，表示“减慢”应用动词slow，主语为that，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填slows。故选G。【19题详解】考查形容词。句意：这些种子虽然美味，但很脆弱如果它们干了，就不能发芽和生长。结合句意表示“美味”应用形容词tasty，作表语。故填tasty。故选B。【20题详解】考查名词。句意：然而，然而，一旦这些植物开始生长，它们似乎就不能
26、保持在茎或叶中按代谢暂停按钮的能力。结合句意表示“暂停”应用名词pause作宾语。故填pause。故选E。III. Reading Comprehensions Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage, there are four words or phrases marked A、 B、C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The most important day I remember
27、in all my life is the one on which my teacher, Anne Mansfield Sullivan, came to me. I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable contrasts between the two lives which it connects. It was the third of March, 1887, three months before I was seven years old.On the afternoon of that eventful
28、 day, I stood on the porch, dumb, _21_. I guessed vaguely from my mothers signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps. The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and f
29、ell on my upturned face. My fingers lingered almost _22_ on the familiar leaves and blossoms which had just _23_ to greet the sweet southern spring. I did not know what the future held of _24_ or surprise for me. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor(倦怠)had
30、 _25_ this passionate struggle.Have you ever been at sea in a dense fog, when it seemed as if a tangible white darkness shut you in, and the great ship, tense and anxious, groped her way toward the shore with plummet(铅锤) and soundingline(测深索), and you waited with beating heart for something to happe
31、n? I was like that _26_ before my education began, only I was without _27_ or soundingline, and had no way of knowing how near the _28_ was. Light! Give me light! was the wordless cry of my soul, and the light of love shone on me in that very hour.I felt approaching footsteps. I stretched out my han
32、d as I would to my mother. Someone _29_ it, and I was caught up and held close in the arms of her who had come to _30_ all things to me, and more than all things else, to love me.The morning after my teacher came she led me into her room and gave me a doll. The little blind children at the Perkins I
33、nstitution had sent it and Laura Bridgman had dressed it; but I did not know this until _31_. When I had played with it a little while, Miss Sullivan slowly spelled into my hand the word doll. I was at once interested in this finger play and tried to _32_ it. When I finally succeeded in making the l
34、etters correctly I _33_ with childish pleasure and pride. Running downstairs to my mother I held up my hand and made the letters for doll. I did not know that I was spelling a word or even that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkeylike imitation. In the days that followed I lear
35、ned to spell in this _34_ way a great many words, among them pin, hat, cup and a few verbs like sit, stand and walk. But my teacher had been with me several weeks before I understood that everything has a _35_.21. A. hesitantB. reluctantC. expectantD. defendant22. A. consequentlyB. unconsciouslyC. d
36、eliberatelyD. simultaneously23. A. come forthB. brought aboutC. left behindD. hidden away24. A. panicB. resultC. positionD. marvel25. A. succeededB. exposedC. inheritedD. demonstrated26. A. fogB. shipC. shoreD. plummet27. A. compassionB. compromiseC. compassD. companion28. A. paradiseB. habitatC. re
37、sidenceD. harbor29. A. tookB. shookC. clungD. rescued30. A. shareB. devoteC. revealD. celebrate31. A. beforehandB. backwardC. afterwardD. forward32. A. illustrateB. exhibitC. guessD. imitate33. A. flutteredB. flourishedC. flashedD. flushed34. A. unrealisticB. uncomprehendingC. unsurmountableD. unpro
38、ductive35. A. titleB. nameC. creditD. role【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. C 31. C 32. D 33. D 34. B 35. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了海伦凯勒的生活。在她的一生中,最令她刻骨铭心的一天就是她的老师安妮曼斯菲尔德苏立文的到来,让她用手指去感受，用这种方式学会了拼写很多词。【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那天下午,我站在门廊里,似乎在默默地期待着什么。A. hesitant踌躇的,犹豫的；B reluctant不
39、情愿的,勉强的；C. expectant期待的；D, defendant防守的。根据下一句“I guessed vaguely from my mothers signs and from the hurrying to and from in the house that something unusual was about to happen, so I went to the door and waited on the steps.”（ 从母亲的手势和屋里来来往往的匆忙中，我隐约猜到有什么不寻常的事情要发生了，于是我走到门口，在台阶上等着。）可知应该是期盼着。故选C。【22题详解】考
40、查副词词义辨析。句意：我的手指几乎无意识地徘徊在熟悉的树叶和花朵上，初生的枝蔓似乎也忙不迭地向南方的春日致意。A. consequently因此,所以；B. unconsciously无意识地,不由自主地；C.deliberately故意地；D. simultaneously同时地。根据上一句“ The afternoon sun penetrated the mass of honeysuckle that covered the porch, and fell on my upturned face.”（ 午后的阳光透过门廊上的金银花，照在我仰着的脸上），描写了一幅祥和的画面，作者应该是无
41、意识地去触摸树叶和花朵。故选B。【23题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我的手指几乎无意识地徘徊在熟悉的树叶和花朵上，初生的枝蔓似乎也忙不迭地向南方的春日致意。A. come forth出现,涌现； B.brought about造成,引起；C.left behind留下,遗留；D. hidden away藏起来。根据“to greet the sweet southern spring”此处表示叶子和花朵出现了。故选A。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道我的未来会发生什么样的奇迹，一连好几个星期，懊恼和苦闷折磨着我，深深的无助感令我抗争不得。A. panic 恐慌；B. res
42、ult 结果；C. position位置 ；D. marvel奇迹。根据本句中的“ I did not know”（我不知道）和空格后的“ surprise”（惊喜）可知应该选择奇迹。故选D。【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：愤怒和痛苦不断地折磨了我几周，深深的倦怠成功战胜了激昂的斗争。A. succeeded成功；B. exposed暴露；C. inherited 继承；D. demonstrated论证。根据本句中的“Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks”（ 愤怒和痛苦不断地折磨了我几周），可知应该是
43、倦怠战胜了斗争。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受正式教育之前,我就像那艘漂荡在迷雾中的船,只是我没有指南针和测深索,也无从知晓港口的远近。A. fog 雾；B. ship船；C. shore 海岸；D. plummet骤降。根据前一句的“the great ship”（那条大船），和本句之前的that可知是ship。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受正式教育之前,我就像那艘漂荡在迷雾中的船,只是我没有指南针和测深索,也无从知晓港口的远近。A. compassion同情；B.compromise妥协； C.compass 指南针；D. companion同伴
44、。根据空格后的“or soundingline”（ 测深索），可知应该选择避免迷失方向的东西。故选C。【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在接受正式教育之前,我就像那艘漂荡在迷雾中的船,只是我没有指南针和测深索,也无从知晓港口的远近。A. paradise天堂；B.habitat栖息地；C. residence住宅；D. harbor港湾。根据空格前的“had no way of knowing how near”（ 没有办法知道有多近）和前面提到的ship，可知应该是港湾。故选D。【29题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉到了走近的脚步声，我伸出手，就像迎接母亲那样，有个人抓住了我的手，
45、我被她紧紧地抱在怀中，她就是来向我揭示万事万物的人。A. took 拿；B. shook摇动；C. clung抓紧；D.rescued救援。此处意为“有个人抓住(took)了我的手”。故选A。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感觉到了走近的脚步声,我伸出手,就像迎接母亲那样,有个人抓住了我的手,我被她紧紧地抱在怀中,她就是来向我揭示万事万物的人。A. share分享;B.devote奉献;C.reveal揭示;D. celebrate庆祝。结合文意,她就是来向我揭示万事万物的人。故选C。【31题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意:劳拉布里吉曼还给娃娃做了衣服穿,我也是后来才知道娃娃的来历的。A
46、.beforehand预先；事先；B. backward 向后的；落后的；C.afterward后来；之后；D.forward向前地；向前。此处until afterward意为直到后来。故选C。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我立刻对这种手指游戏产生了兴趣,并且努力模仿。A.illustrate说明；加插图于；B. exhibit展览；C.guess猜测；D. imitate模仿。根据本句表达意思是对手指游戏感兴趣，所以应该是模仿。故选D。【33题详解】考查固定搭配词义辨析。句意：最终,我正确地拼写出了单词,我难以抑制我的快乐和自豪。A.fluttered颤振；B.flourished
47、 繁荣；C.flashed闪光；D.flushed脸红； 发红。此处flush with意思是：因.兴奋，由于.而脸红。故选D。【34题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在随后的几天里,我用这种懵懂的方式学会了拼写很多词,其中有像pin,bat,cup这样的名词,还有一些像sit, stand,walk之类的动词。A.unrealistic不切实际的； B.uncomprehending不理解的； C.unsurmountable不能克服的，不能超越的；D.unproductive低效的。根据前面句子“I did not know that I was spelling a word or ev
48、en that words existed; I was simply making my fingers go in monkeylike imitation.”（ 我不知道我在拼写一个单词，甚至不知道单词的存在；我只是让我的手指像猴子一样模仿。），应该是不理解的。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：事实上,我在和老师待了好几星期后,才知道每件东西都有一个名字。A.title标题，头衔；B.name名字；C.credit信用，学分；D.role角色。此处表达每一件东西都有一个名字。故选B。Section BDirections: Read the following two pas
49、sage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)In the villages of the English countryside there are still
50、 people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. There simply wasnt any crime to worry about.Amazingly, these happy times appear still to be with us in the worlds biggest community. Anew study by Dan Farmer, a gifted programmer, using an automated investigative progra
51、m of his own called SATAN, shows that the owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have setup home without fitting locks to their doors.SATAN can try out a variety of wellknown hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. Farmer has made program publicly available, am
52、id much criticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle.But Farmer is very concerned about the need to alert the public to poor security and, so far, events have proved him right. SATAN has done more to alert people to the risks than cause new disorder.So
53、 is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. In the early days, when you visited a Website your browser simply looked at the content. Now the web is full of tiny programs that automatically download when you look at a Web page, and run on your own machine. These programs could, if their authors wi
54、shed, do all kinds of nasty things to your computer.At the same time, the Net is increasingly populated with spiders, worms, agents, and other types of automated beasts designed to penetrate the sites and seek out and classify information. All these make wonderful tools for antisocial people who wan
55、t to invade weak sites and cause damage.But lets look on the bright side. Given the lack of locks, the Internet is surely the worlds biggest (almost) crimefree society. Maybe that is because hackers are fundamentally honest. Or that there currently isnt much to steal. Or because vandalism(蓄意破坏) isnt
56、 much fun unless you have a peculiar dislike for someone.Whatever the reason, lets enjoy it while we can. But expect it all to change, and security to become the number one issue, when the most influential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for.36. By saying “.owners of
57、 well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors” (Lines 34, Para. 2), the author means that_.A. those happy times appear still to be with usB. there simply wasnt any crime to worry aboutC. many sites are not well protectedD. hackers try out tricks on
58、 an Internet site without actually breaking in37. SATAN, a program designed by Dan Farmer, can be used_.A. to investigate the security of Internet sitesB. to improve the security of the Internet systemC. to prevent hackers from breaking into websitesD. to download useful programs and information38.
59、Farmers program has been criticized by the public because_.A. it causes damage to Net browsersB. it can break into Internet sitesC. it can be used to cause disorder on all sitesD. it can be used by people with evil intent39. The author suggests in the last paragraph that_.A. we should make full use
60、of the Internet before security measures are strengthenedB. we should alert the most influential businessmen to the importance of guaranteeing quality of their servicesC. influential businessmen should give priority to the improvement of Net securityD. net inhabitants should not let security measure
61、s affect their joy of surfing the Internet【答案】36. C 37. A 38. D 39. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一个由Dan Farmer设计的程序SATAN，谈论了网络安全问题，提醒人们注意。【36题详解】推理判断题。通读全文，根据第五段中“So is the Net becoming more secure? Far from it. (那么，网络是否变得更加安全了呢? 远非如此。)”，可知本文讲解的是网络安全问题并提醒人们网络并不安全。再根据第一段“In the villages of the English coun
62、tryside there are still people who remember the good old days when no one bothered to lock their doors. (在英国乡村的村庄里，仍有人记得那些没有人愿意锁门的美好时光。)”所做的比喻可知，作者这句话“.owners of well over half of all World Wide Web sites have set up home without fitting locks to their doors (超过一半的万维网网站的所有者在没有给门上锁的情况下就设置了家。)”的意思是许多网
63、站没有得到很好的保护。故选C项。【37题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“SATAN can try out a variety of wellknown hacking tricks on an Internet site without actually breaking in. (SATAN可以尝试各种著名的黑客技巧在一个网站上，而不是真正的闯入。)”可知，这个由Dan Farmer设计的程序SATAN可以调查因特网站点的安全性。故选A项。【38题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段中“Farmer has made program publicly available, amid much cr
64、iticism. A person with evil intent could use it to hunt down sites that are easy to burgle.( Farmer在一片批评声中公开了这个项目。一个有邪恶意图的人可以用它来搜索那些容易被盗的网站。)”可知，Farmer的计划之所以受到了公众的批评，是因为它可以被有邪恶意图的人利用。故选D项。【39题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“But expect it all to change, and security to become the number one issue, when the most infl
65、uential inhabitants of the Net are selling services they want to be paid for. (但当最有影响力的网络用户开始出售他们想要得到报酬的服务时，这一切都将改变，安全将成为头号问题。)”可知，作者建议有影响力的商人应该优先考虑网络安全的改善。故选C项。(B)The global energy crisis is approaching. What can we do? Here are some steps you can take.Cooling puts the greatest stress on your summe
66、r energy bill and the power grid. Just as a tune-up for your car can improve your gas mileage, a yearly tune-up of your heating and cooling system can improve efficiency and comfort. Clean or replace filter monthly or as needed.For central air conditioning systems and room air conditioners, look for
67、 the ENERGY STAR, the federal governments symbol for energy efficiency. For central air, purchase the system with the highest possible Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio. (SEER)Use energy efficient ceiling fans either alone or with air conditioning. Ceiling fans do a great job of circulating air. When
68、 used with air conditioning, fans allow you to raise the thermostat and cut costs. Ceiling fans cool people, not rooms, so before you leave, turn off the ceiling fan.Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor climate with your daily and weekend patterns to re
69、duce cooling bills by up to 10 percent. You can come home to a comfortable house without wasting energy and creating pollution all day while you are at work.Try to make your home airtight enough to increase your comfort, make your home quieter and cleaner and reduce your cooling costs up to 20 perce
70、nt.Cut your air conditioning load, and reduce pollution by planting leafy trees around your home and fixing reflective bricks on your roof.Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat build-up.Turn off everything not in use: lights, T
71、Vs, computers. And use fluorescent bulbs, which provide bright, warm light while using at least two-thirds less energy, producing 70 percent less heat and lasting up to 10 times longer than incandescent bulbs.Drive the car that gets better gas mileage whenever possible if you own more than one vehic
72、le. If you drive 12,500 miles a year, switching 10 percent of your trips from a car that gets 20 miles per gallon to one that gets 30 mpg will save you more than 65 per year.Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car tha
73、t gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.40. According to the passage, the thermostat is used to _.A. make rooms quieterB. control room temperatureC. turn off the air conditionerD. reduce room air pollution41. We can conclude from the passage that the author probably disco
74、urages _.A. planting leafy trees around your homeB. turning off the ceiling fan before you leave your houseC. keeping your south-facing windows open during the dayD. using fluorescent bulbs instead of incandescent bulbs42. According to the passage, you can save fuel by _.A. using energy-efficient ce
75、iling fansB. sharing cars with others on workdaysC. turning off everything not in useD. reducing 10% of your car trips every year【答案】40. B 41. C 42. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了导致能源危机的一些原因并提出了相应的解决方法。【40题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Let a programmable thermostat “remember for you” to automatically adjust the indoor c
76、limate with your daily and weekend patterns to reduce cooling bills by up to 10 percent.”可知，让一个可编程的恒温器“为你记住”去自动调整室内气候与你的日常和周末模式，以减少高达10%的冷却费用。由此可知，恒温器是调整室内气候，即控制室温。故选B。【41题详解】推理判断题。根据第八段“Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipment to avoid heat bu
77、ild-up.”可知，作者支持我们在白天关闭朝南和朝西的窗户的百叶窗或遮帘，或修理遮阳设备以避免热量积聚。可以推断出，作者不赞成白天开着朝南的窗户。故选C。【42题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段“Carpool. The average U.S. commuter could save about 260 a year by sharing cars twice a week with two other people in a car that gets 20.1 mpg-assuming the three passengers share the cost of gas.”可知，美国普通
78、通勤者每周与另外两个人共用一辆每加仑汽油行驶20.1英里的汽车，平均每年可节省约260英镑假设这三名乘客分摊汽油费用。所以作者建议工作日拼车。故选B。【点睛】态度、观点及感受类推理判断题。高考阅读理解题中有些题目考查考生对文章作者的思想、人物性格倾向等方面的理解。对于判断情感态度类题目，考生需要分析段落大意、作者的思路，理解了文章的段落大意、中心思想后，才能判断出作者的情感态度。学会辨别清楚文章的体裁。高考阅读理解题涉及各类文章。以议论文为主，文章的主题句往往会直接地表明作者的态度立场；说明文，因为其体裁的客观性，所以作者往往采取中立态度；记叙文，作者往往不直接提出文章观点，而且作者写作时也常
79、常带有某种倾向性，所以我们在读这种体裁的文章时，要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的单词或短语。学会区分不同的观点，尤其要善于找出作者的观点。我们要注意文中出现的直接引语和间接引语。出现的观点一般是当事人的观点，而不是作者的观点。此类试题的干扰项常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点；或是社会的一种普遍倾向；或是与本文无关或与作者的观点或看法相反等。学生容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。如第二小题，根据第八段“Close blinds or shades on south-and west-facing windows during the day, or fix shading equipmen
80、t to avoid heat build-up.”可知，作者支持我们在白天关闭朝南和朝西的窗户的百叶窗或遮帘，或修理遮阳设备以避免热量积聚。可以推断出，作者不赞成白天开着朝南的窗户。故选C。(C)Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. Sir Alexander Fleming did not, as legend would have it, look at
81、 the mold (霉) on a piece of cheese and get the idea for penicillin there and then. He experimented with antibacterial substances for nine years before he made his discovery. Inventions and innovations almost always come out of tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players m
82、iss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.The point is that the players who score most are the ones who take most shots at the goaland so it goes with innovation in any field of activity. The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Ever
83、ybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and they follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.“Creative thinking may mean simply the realization that theres no
84、 particular goodness in doing things the way they have always been done.” Wrote Rudolph Flesch, a language authority. This accounts for our reaction to seemingly simple innovations like plastic garbage bags and suitcases on wheels that make life more convenient: “How come nobody thought of that befo
85、re?”The creative approach begins with the proposal that nothing be as it appears. Innovators will not accept that there is only one way to do anything. Faced with getting from A to B, the average person will automatically set out on the best-known and apparently simplest route. The innovator will se
86、arch for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the long run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.43 What does the author probably mean by “untaught mind” in the first paragraph?A.
87、 An individual who often comes up with new ideas by accident.B. A person who has had no education.C. A citizen of a society that restricts personal creativity.D. A person ignorant of the hard work involved in experimentation.44. According to the author, what differs innovators from non-innovators?A.
88、 The way they present their findings.B. The way they deal with problems.C. The intelligence they possess.D. The variety of ideas they have.45. The phrase “march to a different drummer” (the last line of the passage) suggests that highly creative individuals are _.A. unwilling to follow common ways o
89、f doing thingsB. diligent in pursuing their goalsC. concerned about the advance of societyD. devoted to the progress of science46. The most suitable title for this passage might be _.A. The Relation Between Creation and DiligenceB To Be a Creative Expert in the Study of Human CreativityC. What Are S
90、o Special about Creative IndividualsD. Discoveries and Innovation【答案】43. D 44. B 45. A 46. C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。科学技术上的发现被“未受教育的头脑”认为是一眨眼的功夫或戏剧性事故的结果。发明和创新几乎总是来自于艰难的尝试和错误。创新就像足球;即使是最优秀的球员也会失球，他们的射门被阻挡的次数比得分的次数多得多。【43题详解】词义猜测题。根据第一段中Discoveries in science and technology are thought by “untaught minds” to
91、 come in blinding flashes or as the result of dramatic accidents. 科学技术上的发现被“未受教育的头脑”认为是一眨眼的功夫或戏剧性事故的结果。由此可知划线词的意思是“一个对实验中涉及的艰苦工作一无所知的人”，故选D。【44题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中The prime difference between innovation and others is one of approach. Everybody gets ideas, but innovators work consciously on theirs, and t
92、hey follow them through until they prove practicable or otherwise. What ordinary people see as fanciful abstractions, professional innovators see as solid possibilities.可知，根据作者的观点，创新者和非创新者处理问题的方式。故选B。【45题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段中The innovator will search for alternate courses, which may prove easier in the lo
93、ng run and are sure to be more interesting and challenging even if they lead to dead ends. Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.可知，短语“march to a different drummer”(这是文章的最后一行)表明极具创造力的人不愿意遵循通常的做事方式。故选A。【46题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段中Inventions and innovations almost always come out o
94、f tough trial and error. Innovation is like soccer; even the best players miss the goal and have their shots blocked much more frequently than they score.和第四段最后一句Highly creative individuals really do march to a different drummer.可知，这篇文章最适合的题目可能是“创造力的个体有什么特别之处”，故选C。Section CDirections: Read the passa
95、ge carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement(偿付) , most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their
96、 positions. _47_ A company that reimburses employees for all college credit courses whether job related or not offers a service not only to the employees, but to the entire company.One good reason for giving employees unconditional tuition reimbursement is that it shows the companys dedication to it
97、s employees and it is important for a company to demonstrate to its employees that it cares. The best way to do this is to make investments in them. _48_ A company that puts out funds to pay for the education of its employees will get its money back by having employees stay with the company longer.
98、It will reduce employ turnover, because even employees who dont take advantage of tuition reimbursement programs will be more devoted to their company, just knowing that their company cares enough to pay for their education.Although companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees, who
99、go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company. _49_ Thus, throughout those years. the employer will have a more sophisticated, more intelligent, and therefore more valuable and productive employee. And, if
100、the employee stays, that education will doubly benefit the company: Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesnt have to full a highlevel vacancy from the outside. _50_ Though unconditional tuition reimbursement requires a significant investment
101、 on the employers part, it is perhaps one of the wisest investments a company can make.A. In this way, companies will have more productive employees.B. In todays economy, job security is a thing of the past and employees feel more and more expendable.C. In return, this dedication to the betterment o
102、f employees will create greater loyalty.D. This is indeed a very limiting policy.E. Even if employees do leave, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program.F. Open positions can be assigned to people who already know the company well.【答案】47. D 48. C 49. E 50. F【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介
103、绍了企业为员工支付学费的好处。【47题详解】根据上文“Although many companies offer tuition reimbursement(偿付) , most companies reimburse employees only for classes that are relevant to their positions.（虽然许多公司提供学费报销，但大多数公司只报销与员工职位相关的课程。）”可知，本段说的是公司只报销与岗位相关的学费的政策；D.This is indeed a very limiting policy.这确实是一项非常有限的政策。D选项承接上文，提及政
104、策，故选D。【48题详解】根据上文“The best way to do this is to make investments in them.（最好的方法就是在他们身上投资。）”可知，这里说的是给员工投资；C.In return, this dedication to the betterment of employees will create greater loyalty.(作为回报，这种改善员工的奉献精神将创造更大的忠诚度。)中 “In return”承接上文，“will create greater loyalty”指给员工投资的结果，故选C。【49题详解】根据上文“Althou
105、gh companies do indeed run the risk of losing money on employees, who go on to another job in a different company as soon as they get their degree, more often than not, the employees will stay with the company.（虽然公司确实冒着在员工身上赔钱的风险，这些员工一旦拿到学位就会去另一家公司找另一份工作，但通常情况下，这些员工会留在公司 。）”可知，此处说员工离职；E.Even if empl
106、oyees do leave, it generally takes several years to complete any degree program.(即使员工真的离开了，通常也需要几年时间才能完成任何学位课程。)中也提到了离职“leave”，承接上文，故选E。【50题详解】根据上文“Not only is the employee more educated, but now that employee can be promoted so the company doesnt have to full a highlevel vacancy from the outside.（员
107、工不仅受教育程度更高，而且现在员工可以升职，公司就不必从外部填补高层职位空缺。）”可知，此处说的是员工升职带来的空缺岗位，F.Open positions can be assigned to people who already know the company well.(空缺职位可以分配给那些已经很了解公司的人。)中空缺岗位如何处理，承接上文，故选F。【点睛】IV. Reading and Writing51. Directions: Read the following three passages. Summarize the main idea and the main point
108、(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Write your answer on the answer sheet.Are your children getting on your last nerve? Did a coworkers comment rub you the wrong way? Theres no need to plug the steam coming out of your ears. In fact, science now gives
109、you full permission to release those emotions; you might actually be happier for it. If that seems counterintuitive(违反直觉的), hear us out. A new study suggests that people tend to be happier if they can feel and express emotions as they want. That goes for unpleasant emotions like anger and hatred, to
110、o.An international team of researchers recruited 2,300 university students from the United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Ghana, Israel, Poland, and Singapore. They then asked the participants to tell them which emotions they desired and which ones they actually felt, and then compared those respon
111、ses to how the participants rated their overall happiness or life satisfaction.The results showed an interesting trend. While participants wanted to experience more pleasant emotions, they reported higher life satisfaction if the emotions they experienced matched those they desired. More surprising
112、still, 11 percent of people wanted to feel less of positive emotions, such as love and empathy, and 10 percent of people wanted to feel more negative emotions, such as hatred and anger.At first glance, these result might seem confusing. But theres a simple explanation, according to the studys author
113、s. Happiness is more than simply feeling pleasure and avoiding pain, they write. It is also learning to release negative emotions when you feel them, instead of ignoring them or bottling them up.If you feel emotions you want to feel, even if theyre unpleasant, then youre better off, lead researcher
114、Dr Maya Tamir from The Hebrew University of Jerusalem told the BBC News website. 71 【答案】According to a new study, people will be happier if they express their emotions directly. A team of researchers invited students from different countries to prove it. If students experience, whatever positive or
115、negative experience, matches the feelings they desire, they feel happier, since happiness is not only feeling happy but also learning to release negative emtions.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，如果人们能直接表达自己的情绪，他们会更快乐，幸福不仅仅是感到快乐，而且还学会释放消极情绪。【详解】1 要点摘录 In fact, science now gives you full permission to release t
116、hose emotions; you might actually be happier for it.An international team of researchers recruited 2,300 university students from the United States, Brazil, China, Germany, Ghana, Israel, Poland, and Singapore. The results showed an interesting trend. While participants wanted to experience more ple
117、asant emotions, they reported higher life satisfaction if the emotions they experienced matched those they desired. 2.缜密构思 将要点、进行整合；将要点进行缩写。3.遣词造句 According to a new study, people will be happier if they express their emotions directly.A team of researchers invited students from different countries
118、to prove it. If students experience, whatever positive or negative experience, matches the feelings they desire, they feel happier, since happiness is not only feeling happy but also learning to release negative emotions.【点睛】高分句型1 A team of researchers invited students from different countries to pr
119、ove it.（不定式作目的状语）高分句型2 If students experience, whatever positive or negative experience, matches the feelings they desire, they feel happier, since happiness is not only feeling happy but also learning to release negative emotions.（if引导条件状语从句；whatever引导让步状语从句；since引导原因状语从句。）V. TranslationDirections:
120、 Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.52. 我们有必要确认小区每个来访者的身份。（necessary）（汉译英）【答案】It is necessary for us to confirm/check the identity of every visitor to the neighbourhood/residence/housing estate.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查形容词、it作形式主语和动词。根据英文提示可知，表示“某人有必要做某事”应用it
121、is necessary for sb to do sth，it做形式主语，动词不定式做真正主语。表示“确认”可用动词confirm或check，表示“身份”应用名词identity，表示“来访者”应用名词visitor，表示“去某地的访客”应用to spl修饰，表示“小区”应用名词neighbourhood/residence/housing estate。再结合其它句意，故翻译为“It is necessary for us to confirm/check the identity of every visitor to the neighbourhood/residence/housi
122、ng estate.”。53. 这位刚毕业的年轻老师特别热爱这份工作，不断地追求卓越，所以同事们都寄予他厚望。（pursue）(汉译英）【答案】The young teacher who just graduated loves the job and pursues excellence constantly, so his colleagues have high hopes for him.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查句子结构，主谓宾句型以及复合句。表示“这位刚毕业的年轻老师”可用形容词和定语从句修饰名词，表达为the young teacher who just graduated；表
123、示动宾结构“热爱这份工作”为love the job；表示“不断追求卓越”为pursue excellence constantly；表示“所以同事们都寄予他厚望”由从属连词so引导从句为so his colleagues have high hopes for him。除定语从句中谓语为一般过去时，动词为过去式外，其他谓语动词均为一般现在时，注意主谓一致，句首字母大写，故翻译为The young teacher who just graduated loves the job and pursues excellence constantly, so his colleagues have
124、high hopes for him.54. 该车成功地将艺术与技术融为一体，自投放市场以来，需求量一直很大。(Having .) （汉译英）【答案】Having successfully integrated/combined/mixed art with technology, the car has been in great demand since it was first introduced/launched into the market.【解析】【详解】考查名词、副词、动词、动词时态语态、时间状语从句和非谓语动词。结合原文，分析句子可知，“该车成功地将艺术与技术融为一体”是原
125、因状语，因为车的设计是先于投放市场，已经发生，所以可以用现在分词的完成式来表示已完成，其中“成功地”可用副词successfully表示，“融为一体”可用动词短语integrate/combine/mixe.with.表示，可译为：Having successfully integrated/combined/mixed art with technology；“自投放市场以来”是时间状语从句，过去的一个时间点，用一般过去时态，结合句意可知应用被动语态，“自以来”可用从属连词since表示，“投放市场”用动词短语introduce/launche into the market表示，可译为：s
126、ince it was first introduced/launched into the market；“需求量一直很大”是主句，根据句意可知，自投放市场以来需求量一直很大，从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时态，“需求量很大”可用短语be in great demand表示，再补上主语the car，可译为：the car has been in great demand。综上， 全句译为：Having successfully integrated/combined/mixed art with technology, the car has been in great demand si
127、nce it was first introduced/launched into the market.55. 获得粉丝大量点赞后他感慨万千，回想起创业之初经历的种种磨难，他不禁失声痛哭。（cant help）(汉译英)【答案】After receiving a lot of praise from his fans, he was filled with different emotions and couldnt help crying out loud when he was recalling all kinds of hardships at the beginning of hi
128、s business.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态、省略和状语从句。 a lot of 许多；be filled with 充满； cant help doing情不自禁的做某事；cry out大哭；all kinds of 各种各样的；at the beginning of 起初； 开始。从句的主语与主句的主语一致，所以从句省略主语和谓语he was。when当时候，引导时间状语从句。主句陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。从句用过去进行时，表示过去在某一时间段或某一段时间内正在发生或进行的动作或状态。根据句意，故翻译为After receiving a lot of praise from hi
129、s fans, he was filled with different emotions and couldnt help crying out loud when he was recalling all kinds of hardships at the beginning of his business.VI. Guided Writing56. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.你是明启中学高三学生
130、李华，你校门口一家老字号面馆（time-honored noodle restaurant）因上涨的租金和周边快餐店的竞争，面临关门的窘境。该面馆登报求助。请给该面馆写读者回信，信中必须包括：1. 阐述保护中华老字号（time-honored Chinese brands）的意义；2. 向该面馆提出改进的建议。（信中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息）【答案】Dear,Im sorry to know you are at the risk of being shut down because of the rising rent and fierce competition.As a time
131、 honored noodles restaurant, your restaurant must have a long history, as well as good reputation, providing distinct characteristics of traditional food culture. Therefore, from the bottom of my heart, I hope you can keep it up. As for your current difficulties, the recommendation I would make is t
132、hat you can first visit your neighboring restaurants, from which you may learn a lot. Second, you can develop new dishes. Third, you can arrange your decorations and put an advertisement in your Wechat circle to promote your noodles and dishes and attact more customers.At last I wish you a booming b
133、usinessYours,Li Hua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生代表报社给校门口一家老字号面馆写一封回信。该面馆因上涨的租金和周边快餐店的竞争，面临关门的窘境，曾向报社报求助。【详解】词汇积累困境：in trouble at risk明显的：clear/obviousdistinct建议：advice/suggestionlrecommendation宣传：advertisepromote句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：You can arrange your decorations and put an advertisement in your Wechat circle
134、 to promote your noodles and dishes and attact more customers.拓展句：You can arrange your decorations and put an advertisement in your Wechat circle, which can promote your noodles and dishes and attact more customers.【点睛】高分句型1 As a time honored noodles restaurant, your restaurant must have a long hist
135、ory, as well as good reputation, providing distinct characteristics of traditional food culture .(现在分词providing做状语)高分句型2 As for your current difficulties, the recommendation I would make is that you can first visit your neighboring restaurants, from which you may learn a lot.（that引导表语从句；介词from加which引导非限制性定语从句）
