1、Unit 9LearningLesson 2 & Lesson 3 词汇知识自主学习. 根据语境写出正确的单词1. knowledge of English beyond the classroom课堂以外的英语知识2. try simplified classic literature尝试简化了的经典文学3. memorise new words记住新单词4. learn words in context and in chunks根据上下文和语块来学习单词5. acquire the rules获取规则6. a worldwide language一门世界性的语言7. have stron
2、g feelings of fear or excitement有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感8. interesting or funny stories from our childhood我们童年的有趣故事9. have a photographic memory有过目不忘的能力10. flying over it in a helicopter乘坐直升机飞过它的上空11. the sharpest loss of memory记忆的最大损失12. timely review during this period在此期间及时回顾13. a famous forgetting curve著名的遗忘曲
3、线14. what we learn also helps with memorisation我们所学的也有助于记忆15. an effective technique to remember things 有效的记忆技巧16. lose 10, 000 brain cells every day每天失去10 000个脑细胞17. review the material periodically定期回顾材料. 根据语境用恰当的介、副词填空1. The migration of health workers affects all countries in one way or another.
4、 2. As a result, they judge the disabled with one glance. 3. Our communities benefit from arts in terms of economy. 4. If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 5. I met my girlfriends parents for the first time yesterday. 6. We learn from that in 2008 wind power would be the leader of
5、 renewable energy. 7. People who forgive show less sadness, anger and stress and more hopefulness, according to a recent research. 8. While both men and women tend to focus on rewards and less on consequences under stress, their responses to risk turn out to be different. 9. In high school, I became
6、 curious about the computer. 10. At the age of twelve, I got a nice bike as a birthday gift. 11. Up to two children under age five may travel free with a paying customer. . 根据课文补全句式1. This is because (这是因为)when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitem
7、ent. 2. It is important to connect it (联系起来是很重要的)with what we already know. 3. Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things (这样它们就可以很容易地连接到东西上)that are already known. 4. In 1885, Hema Ebinghig publishe
8、d a book called Memory (叫作记忆的)and Presented a famous forgetting curve. 阅读精析合作学习Task 1框架宏观建构: 整体理解1. Skim the passage and fill in the blanksPara. 1: Why can I remember (1)_in my childhood but not what happened last week? Para. 2: Do some people really have a (2)_ memory? Para. 3: Why do I (3)_ the ne
9、w words that I learnt yesterday? Para. 4: Im 16, but I sometimes forget things. Is my (4)_ getting worse? 答案: (1)events(2)photographic(3)forget(4)memory2. What is the text type of the passage? A. Narration (记叙文)B. Argumentative Essay (议论文)C. Expository Writing (说明文)D. Practical Writing (应用文)答案: C3.
10、Whats the main idea of this passage? The text is mainly about the answers to some of the most common questions about memory. 【寻技巧提能力】如何整体理解课文1. 通过理解文章的标题和第一句话。2. 通过理解每段的第一句话。3. 通过理解每一段的结论。4. 通过理解文章的最后一句话。5. 通过理解文本的整体结构。Task 2文本微观剖析: 细节探究1. Choose the best answer. (1)When remembering something new, t
11、ry to connect it to_. A. our knowledgeB. our experienceC. our emotionsD. our thoughts(2)Who can remember the first 22, 514 digits of pi ()? A. Stephen Wiltshire. B. Daniel Tammet. C. Jemima Gryaznov. D. Hermann Ebbinghaus. (3)When does the sharpest loss of memory occur? A. During the very early peri
12、od after learning. B. During the first three days after learning. C. During the first week after learning. D. During the first hour after learning. (4)How many brain cells do we lose by the age of 40? A. 1, 000B. 100, 000C. 1000, 000D. 10, 000答案: (1)(4)CBAD2. Reread the passage and fill in the blank
13、s. THE SECRETS OF YOUR MEMORYQuestions about memoryAnswersWhy can I remember events in my childhood but not what happened last week? We remember things that have strong connections in our mind, especially (1)emotional connections. Childhood memories are often very emotional. So it is important to co
14、nnect something new with what we already know. Also, we can try to (2)retell what we have learnt to a few others. Do some people really have a photographic memory? A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture, a book or an event many years later, but no one has proved
15、 that there are people who really have (3)photographic memories. So we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn when memorising (4)detailed learning materials. Why do I forget the new words that I learnt yesterday? This is (5)natural for many people. The sharpes
16、t loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning. Therefore, one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember is to (6)review the material periodically, especially during the first day after learning. Im 16, but I sometimes forget things. Is my memory getting worse? Defini
17、tely not. Our memory reaches its (7)full power at the age of 25. After this age, however, the brain starts to (8)get smaller. By middle age, our memory is significantly worse than when we were young. 3. Long sentence analysis. (1)A person(主语) with a photographic memory (定语)could remember (谓语)every d
18、etail of a picture, a book or an event(宾语) many years later (状语), but(连词) no one(主语) has proved (谓语) that there are people (宾语从句)who really have photographic memories(定语从句). 译文: 拥有过目不忘的记忆能力的人多年后仍然可以记住某一张图片、 某本书或某个事件的每一个细节, 但没有人能证明真有哪个人有过目不忘的记忆能力。(2)It (形式主语)is (系动词)important (表语)to connect it with w
19、hat we already know(宾语从句). 译文: 把它与我们已知的联系起来是很重要的。Task 3阅读思维升华: 主题实践1. When does our memory reach its full power? (Critical Thinking批判性思维)At the age of 25. 2. Why are childhood memories often very emotional? (Critical Thinking批判性思维)Because when we experience things for the first time, we often have s
20、trong feelings of fear or excitement. 3. Are there any answers given by Jemima Gryaznov that are not convincing to you? What are your doubts? (Creative Thinking 创造性思维)The answer he gave was so convincing that I didnt have any questions. 要点精研探究学习1. recommend v. 建议; 推荐*(2019全国卷)Our hosts shared many o
21、f their experiences and recommended wonderful places to eat, shop, and visit. 我们的主人分享了他们的许多经历, 并推荐了美食、购物和参观的好地方。*(2019北京高考)He recommended that she do some research and talk to dentists about what a healthier candy would contain. 他建议她做一些研究, 并与牙医讨论更健康的糖果应该包含哪些成分。 *I recommend the book to all my studen
22、ts. 我向我所有的学生都推荐这本书。(1)recommend sth. to sb. 向某人推荐某物recommend sb. as推荐某人担任recommend sb. to do sth. 建议/劝某人做某事recommend doing sth. 建议做某事recommend that. . . (should) do. . . 建议(应该)做(2)recommendationn. 建议; 推荐后接宾语从句, 从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”的常见动词有: (1)语法填空。The doctor strongly recommended limiting (limit) t
23、he amount of fat in my diet. We recommend that you (should) purchase (purchase) travel insurance on all holidays. He recommended the young man to our firm, and it is because of his recommendation (recommend) that we have an excellent worker now. (2)I would like to recommend Li Hua to be/as the leade
24、r of the basketball club. 我想推荐李华为篮球俱乐部的领导人。(3)I recommend you to do as what he says. 我劝你照他说的去做。【补偿训练】翻译句子。“长江之行”和“泰山之旅”这两条线路都得到大力推荐。Both of the two trips to the Yangtze River and Mount Tai are highly recommended. 2. acquire vt. 学习, 获得(知识, 技能)*(2018天津高考)It took him a long time to acquire the skills h
25、e needed to become a good dancer. 他花了很长时间学习成为一名优秀舞蹈家所需要的技能。*Boldness a willingness to extend yourself to the extreme is not one that can be acquired overnight. 大胆愿意将自己延伸到极致不是一朝一夕就能获得的。*She has acquired a good knowledge of English. 她英语已经学得很好了。* Another third of the elementary schools are actively wor
26、king to acquire computers. 另有三分之一的小学正在积极准备添置计算机。acquire knowledge/experience获得知识/经验acquire a good knowledge of 学会, 精通acquire a taste for开始喜欢【易混辨析】acquire多用于通过不断地“学、问”等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象的东西obtain表示经过相当长的时间或经过很大的努力, 获得期望已久的东西(1)语法填空。Only when you have acquired a good knowledge of grammar can you write cor
27、rectly. He has acquired a taste for brandy at that time. (2)Meanwhile, they exchange ideas and feelings with each other, through which they probably acquire more knowledge. 与此同时, 他们彼此交流思想和感情, 这样他们可能获得更多的知识。【补偿训练】It took her nine years to acquire the ability to use English and its indeed not easy for
28、 her to obtain the honour in a foreign country. 她花了九年的时间才获得了使用英语的能力, 并且对她来说, 在国外获得这种荣誉并不容易。3. excitement n. 激动, 兴奋*(2020全国卷)Now, I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation. 现在, 我看到我的孩子带着他们的孩子去图书
29、馆。我喜欢这种去图书馆的激情一代一代地传下去。*The children were excited about opening their presents. 孩子们对打开礼物感到兴奋不已。*He was very excited to be asked to play for Wales. 入选威尔士队使他非常兴奋。(1)excitevt. 使激动, 使兴奋(2)excitedadj. 兴奋的, 激动的be excited at/about 对感到激动/兴奋be excited to do sth. 对做某事感到兴奋be excited that. . . 感到激动/兴奋的是(3)excit
30、ingadj. 令人兴奋的excited意为“兴奋的, 激动的”, 是人因外物影响而产生的一种状态; exciting表示“令人激动的”, 是事物本身的性质。有时也可以用excited来描述与人有关的事物, 如excited look/expression等。(1)语法填空。We are all excited at/about your success in the experiment. The boys were running in excitement (excite). Ive got an exciting (excite) job, which makes me very ha
31、ppy. (2)His playing was technically brilliant, but it didnt excite me. 他的演奏技巧娴熟, 但无法让我兴奋起来。(3)Excited and overjoyed, the children rushed to the front. 孩子们激动又欣喜地跑到了前面。4. unfamiliar adj. 不熟悉的, 不了解的*Please highlight any terms that are unfamiliar to you. 请把你们不熟悉的用语都标示出来。*The book is essentially a taster
32、 for those unfamiliar with the subject. 这本书基本上会让那些不熟悉该学科的人对其有个初步了解。*Everyone must be familiar with the old favourite among roses, Crystal Palace. 大家一定都很熟悉玫瑰中的老牌名品“水晶宫殿”。(1)sb. be unfamiliar with sth. 某人不熟悉某物sth. be unfamiliar to sb. 对某人来说不熟悉某物(2)familiar adj. 熟悉的, 常见的(1)语法填空。She cant speak Japanese
33、and is unfamiliar with Japanese culture. This voice was not wholly unfamiliar to him. (2)He is more familiar with modern music than I. 他比我更熟悉现代音乐。(3)She grew many wonderful plants that were unfamiliar to me. 她种了很多我不熟悉的奇异植物。5. beyond prep. 超出(某个数量、水平或限度)adv. 在更远处; 在另一边*Whats beyond that hill? 山那边有什么?
34、 *Snowdon and the mountains beyond were covered in snow. 斯诺登山及其更远的山脉都被积雪覆盖着。*The road continues beyond the village up into the hills. 那条路经过村子后又往上延伸到群山中。*The situation is beyond our control. 我们已无法控制这一局面。beyond midnight午夜以后beyond compare无与伦比beyond sb. s power是某人力所不及的beyond belief/doubt难以置信/毫无疑问Its bey
35、ond me why/what. . . 我无法理解为什么/什么beyond ones reach某人够不到beyond recognition认不出来(1)Beyond the mountains was the border territory. 山的那一边是边境地带。(2)The party went on until beyond midnight. 晚会一直持续到午夜以后。(3)This light switch was beyond the childs reach. 那个孩子够不到电灯开关。6. Another effective technique to remember th
36、ings is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known. 另一种有效的记忆方法是把相似的想法或信息放在一起, 这样它们就可以很容易地与已知的东西联系起来。【句式解构】本句中so that引导目的状语从句, 意为“以便于”。*I play table tennis every day so that Im much healthier than before. 我天天打乒乓球所以我比以前健康多了。*He
37、didnt study hard so that he failed the entrance examination. 他没有用功学习所以没通过入学考试。so that 引导结果状语从句, 从句中不用情态动词。也可以引导目的状语从句, 意思是“为的是, 使得”(= in order that )。(1)I finish the work today so that I can play footabll tomorrow (以便明天能去踢足球). (2)The bus broke down so that we had to walk (因此我们必须步行). 7. This is becau
38、se when we experience things for the first time, we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement. 这是因为当我们第一次体验事物时, 我们通常会有强烈的恐惧或兴奋感。【句式解构】本句中This is because. . . 意为“这是因为”, 其中because 引导表语从句。*He didnt pass the driving test yesterday. Thats why he felt upset. 他昨天没有通过驾驶考试。这就是他感到不安的原因。*The reason why
39、he didnt meet his friend was that he got up late. 他没有去见他的朋友是因为他起床晚了。(1)Thats why. . . 意为“那就是的原因”, why引导表语从句。(2)Thats because. . . 意为“那是因为”, because引导表语从句。(3)The reason why. . . is/was that. . . 意为“的原因是”, why引导定语从句, that引导表语从句。(4)在句型“Thats why/because. . . ”中, why后强调结果, because后强调原因。(5)在句型“The reason
40、 why. . . is/was that. . . ”中, 表语从句只能用that引导, 不能用because。*He was late for work this morning. Thats because he got caught in a traffic jam. 今天早上他上班迟到了, 那是因为他遇上了交通堵塞。(1)语法填空。He did not study hard. That is why he failed in the last exam. She wouldnt like to go out today; that is because she doesnt feel
41、 well. (2)The reason why he always failed was that he was lazy. 他总是失败的原因是他很懒。(3)He wants to find another job; this is because he cant put up with the pressure here any more. 他想另找一份工作, 这是因为他再也无法忍受这里的压力了。(4)Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work. 汤姆今天早晨睡过头了, 那就是他上班迟到的原因。8. In 188
42、5, Hermann Ebbinghaus published a book called Memory and presented a famous forgetting curve. 1885 年, 赫尔曼艾宾浩斯( Hermann Ebbinghaus )出版了关于记忆, 提出了著名的遗忘曲线。【句式解构】本句中called Memory 是过去分词短语作后置定语, 修饰a book, 相当于定语从句which was called Memory, call与a book之间是动宾关系。*They finally accepted the proposal put forward(=wh
43、ich/that was put forward) at the meeting. 他们最终接受了会上提出的建议。*Most of the artists invited (=who were invited) to the party were from South America. 被邀请参加聚会的大部分艺术家来自南美。*When he looked up, he saw a risen moon (=a moon that/which had risen) hanging in the sky. 当他抬头向上看时, 他看见一轮升起的明月挂在天空中。*He didnt turn up at
44、 the meeting held (=which/that was held) yesterday afternoon. 他没有出现在昨天下午举行的会议上。过去分词作定语的用法点拨(1)单个过去分词作定语时, 通常放在被修饰词之前; 过去分词短语作定语时, 通常放在被修饰词之后; (2)及物动词的过去分词可表示被动和动作已完成; 不及物动词的过去分词只表示动作已完成, 不表被动; (3)过去分词短语作后置定语时常可扩展成定语从句。(1)语法填空。The first textbook written (write) for teaching English as a foreign langu
45、age came out in the 16th century. The boy standing (stand) at the door is my cousin. This is an English web, updated (update) every day. (2)Messi started playing soccer at the age of 5 for a small soccer team owned by his father. 梅西5岁开始在父亲的一个小足球队踢球。(3)Do you like to read the novels written by Guo Ji
46、ngming? 你喜欢读郭敬明写的小说吗? 【补偿训练】句型转换。A letter that was posted yesterday will reach her next week. A letter posted yesterday will reach her next week. The book given to him is an English novel. The book that/which was given to him is an English novel. 【要点拾遗】1. arrange vt. 安排; 排列; 整理*(2017全国卷)Last year, M
47、oran worked on a project that arranged Fats Wallers music for a dance party. 去年, 莫兰参与了一个项目, 为一个舞会安排了胖子沃勒的音乐。*When she has a little spare time she enjoys arranging dried flowers. 当她有一点空闲时, 她喜欢整理干花。*We arranged for a car to collect us from the airport. 我们安排了一辆轿车到机场接我们。*Im going to make arrangements fo
48、r your admission to hospital. 我去给你安排住院。【导图理词】【巧学助记】We have arranged a special dinner for the guests, and we hope the arrangement will be accepted. 我们为客人安排了一顿特别的晚餐, 我们希望这个安排能被接受。(1)表示“安排某人做某事”用arrange for sb. to do sth. 而不用arrange sb. to do sth. 。(2)make arrangements for sth. 中的arrangement常用复数形式。(1)语
49、法填空。Ive been quite busy arranging(arrange) my holiday with my older brother. Ive arranged to go(go) with him to tomorrows football match. He arranged for me to go down to London one day a week. The local newspaper made arrangements(arrange) for an interview with Professor Stein. (2)I have arranged f
50、or him to meet her. 我已安排他跟她见面。(3)Mother arranged an appointment for me with the doctor. 母亲替我向医生预约挂号。(4)I arranged to meet him at 6 oclock. 我约定在6点钟跟他见面。2. honour n. 荣誉 vt. 尊敬*They gave a banquet in honour of the visiting mayor. 他们设宴招待来访的市长。*May I have the honour of the next dance? 能赏光和我跳下一曲舞吗? *I fee
51、l honoured to join in this work. 能参加这一工作我感到荣幸。They urged her to do the honourable thing and resign. 他们力劝她辞职以保全名节。in honour of为了纪念, 为了庆祝in ones honour为了纪念某人be ones honour to do sth. 某人很荣幸做某事have the honour of doing sth. /of sth. 有幸做某事It is sb. s/an honour to do sth. 做某事是某人的荣幸/一件荣幸的事honouredadj. 受尊敬的,
52、 感到荣幸的be/feel honoured to do sth. 很荣幸做某事be honoured with. . . 被授予be honoured as. . . 被授予的称号honourable adj. 荣誉的; 值得尊敬的Just as the west features halloween for ghosts and ghouls, the Chinese have a holiday to honour the departeds spirits of the underworldthe Chinese ghost festival. 正如西方的万圣节是鬼节和食尸鬼节一样,
53、中国人也有一个纪念亡灵的节日中国鬼节。(1)语法填空。If I have the honour of being chosen as a volunteer, I will try my best to offer the best service. Its an honour for me to be invited to attend the conference. He is honoured as a model worker. There is a party tonight in honour of our new president. (2)一句多译。我很荣幸能和大家一起参加这次
54、活动。It is an honour for me to be able to participate in this event with all of you. It is my honour to be able to participate in this event with all of you. I have the honour of being able to participate in this event with all of you. I feel honoured to be able to participate in this event with all o
55、f you. 3. as a result作为结果 *(2019江苏高考)As a result, humans can perform very complex tasks with their hands. 因此, 人类可以用手完成非常复杂的任务。*(2017北京高考)People have better access to health care than they used to, and theyre living longer as a result. 人们有了比过去更便捷的医疗保障, 因此, 人们的寿命更长了。*Her hair started falling out as a
56、result of radiation treatment. 由于放疗, 她开始掉头发。*These policies resulted in many elderly people suffering hardship. 这些政策使得许多老人饱受困苦。as a result of由于, 作为的结果without result=in vain徒劳地, 无结果地result in导致, 造成, 结果是result from起因于, 因而造成result in“导致/造成的结果”, 相当于lead to/cause/bring about, 后面跟表示结果的词; result from“(由于而)
57、发生, 产生”, 相当于lie in, 后跟表示原因的词。(1)语法填空。He studied hard last term and, as a result, he got good marks. The football match was put off as a result of the storm. Its reported that the accident resulted in the death of two people. It has been discovered that the traffic accident resulted from the drivers
58、careless driving. (2)一句多译。他突然头疼起来, 结果他未能去参加宴会。(用result的短语)He had a sudden headache. As a result, he wasnt able to attend the party. He wasnt able to attend the party as a result of his sudden headache. His sudden headache resulted in his not being able to attend the party. His not being able to atte
59、nd the party resulted from his sudden headache. 4. When remembering something new, try to connect it to our emotions. 当记忆新事物时, 试着把它和我们的情感联系起来。【句式解构】本句中When remembering something new为状语从句的省略, 完整形式为When you remember something new。在由while, when, if, as if, even if/though, though, although, until, once,
60、 unless 等引导的状语从句中, 当从句中的主语与主句的主语一致或从句中的主语是it, 且从句中含有be的某种形式时, 从句中的主语连同be可同时省略。*While sitting in the classroom and doing my papers, I felt confident and was full of energy. 当我坐在教室做试卷时, 我感到信心十足、精力旺盛。*If chosen, Mr Brown, who is rich in experience, will turn out to be an excellent manager. 如果被选, 经验丰富的布
61、朗先生会成为一名优秀的经理。*If (it is)necessary, you should turn to your parents for help. 如果有必要, 你应该向你的父母求助。(1)语法填空。When told(tell) you are interested in Tang poems, I am very delighted. Tom had his leg broken while playing (play)football yesterday. (2)You must be more than careful while doing the experiment. 做
62、实验时你必须非常小心。(3)If possible, try to go to bed and get up at the same time every day. 如果可能的话, 尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。语法精讲优化学习主谓一致 How does Jane put on so much weight? Large quantities of fat have been consumed recently. 简怎么长这么胖? 最近吃了大量富含脂肪的食物。观察上面对话, 并完成句子。1. The secretary and the manager are very busy now. 秘
63、书和经理现在都很忙。2. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good land are being washed away each year. 随着森林日渐被毁, 每年都有大量优质土壤流失。3. The musician along with his band members has given ten performances in the last three months. 在过去的三个月里, 这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。主谓一致是指谓语动词在人称和数上和主语一致, 一般遵循三个原则, 即语法一致
64、原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。一、语法一致原则主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数。1. 动名词、动词不定式、从句或不定代词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。*Listening to music makes me relaxed after a busy day. 听音乐使我在一天的忙碌之后得到了放松。*Everything is in a complete mess, which drives people crazy. 所有的事情都毫无头绪, 让人发疯。what引导的从句作主语时, 谓语动词一般用单数形式, 但如果从句表示复数意义, 则谓语动词用复数形式。*What he said is
65、far from the truth. 他的话与事实相差太远了。*What the school needs are qualified teachers. 这所学校需要的是合格的老师。2. 主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, like, but, except, along with, rather than, including, in addition to等词时, 谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。*The teacher as well as his students was very excited. 老师和他的学生们都很兴奋。*I thi
66、nk Tom, rather than you is to blame for the accident. 我认为是汤姆而不是你该为这起事故受到责备。3. and, both. . . and. . . 连接两个不同的主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式; 但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时, 谓语动词用单数形式。*Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting-room. 她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。*The poet and writer has produced many works. 这位诗人兼作家创作了许多作品。4. 定语从句中关系代
67、词作主语时, 从句中的谓语动词要与先行词保持一致。*I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasures. 我将永远珍惜那些充满欢乐的时光。5. “many a/more than one+单数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。each, every, no所修饰的名词作主语时, 即使有and连接, 谓语动词仍用单数。*Many a parent has had to go through this painful process. 很多父母都不得不经历这一段痛苦的过程。*Every boy and every girl
68、wishes to attend the party held on Sunday. 每个男生和女生都希望参加周日举行的聚会。二、意义一致原则意义一致原则指不管主语的形式是单数还是复数, 主语的意义决定了谓语动词的单复数。1. 集体名词作主语时, 若被看作一个整体, 谓语动词用单数形式; 若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员, 谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有: family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。*The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls. 这个班由
69、25个男生和20个女生组成。*The class are doing experiment. 全班学生都在做实验。2. “分数/百分数/the majority+of+名词”作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义; all, some, half, most, the rest等作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。*About one third of the books are worth reading. 这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。*Only 60 percent of the work was done yesterday. 昨天只做了60
70、% 的工作。*All of this is wonderful, but the best part of this film is the acting. 所有这些都很精彩, 但电影最精彩的部分是表演。3. “the+形容词”表示一类人在句中作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式。*The old are taken good care of here. 在这里老年人被照顾得很好。4. a quantity of后既可接不可数名词, 也可接可数名词复数, 谓语动词均用单数; quantities of后无论是可数名词还是不可数名词, 谓语动词均用复数形式。*A quantity of time ha
71、s been wasted on the project. =Quantities of time have been wasted on the project. 大量的时间被浪费在这个项目上。5. “a number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用复数形式; “the number of+复数名词”作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。*A number of students have gone for an outing. 许多学生去远足了。*The number of the students is increasing year by year. 学生的数量逐年增加。6. 表示时
72、间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数形式。*Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy. 对于一个男孩来说, 3 000美元是一笔大数目。7. 以-s/-ics结尾的学科名词及news作主语时, 谓语动词用单数形式。*Bad news travels quickly. 谚坏事传千里。三、就近一致原则就近一致原则指谓语动词的单复数形式取决于离它最近的主语的单复数。1. 由or, either. . . or. . . , neither. . . nor. . . , not only. . . but
73、 also. . . , not. . . but. . . 等连接的并列主语, 谓语动词的数常与最近的主语保持一致。*Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 要么是你要么是你的一名学生应该出席明天的会议。2. 由there, here引起的主语不止一个时, 谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。*There are three books and a pen on the desk. 桌子上有三本书和一支钢笔。语法填空。(1)The design on the bac
74、k shows (show) the yellow-eyed penguin, one of the worlds rarest penguins. (2)Gone are (be) the days when we worked together, and laughed together. (3)In the pool, Bob, my instructor, demanded we do what he did. One of the drills was (be) to take our masks off at the bottom of the deep end, replace
75、them, and clear them of water. 使用本单元所学主谓一致的语法知识翻译语段我们学校的图书馆和其他许多建筑与其他学校的非常不同。楼内有两间电脑室、三间美术室、一间会议室和一间阅览室。书的数量很多, 可能有10万册。据说这些书花了我们学校20万美元。也许20万美元对每个学生来说都是不小的数目。在知识爆炸的时代, 渴求知识的学生人数与日俱增。如今, 我们的图书馆已经发展成为一个多功能的建筑。里面有50台电脑。许多学生喜欢周末在这里上网。Our school library, along with many other buildings, is very differen
76、t from other schools. There are two computer rooms, three art rooms, a meeting room and a reading room in the library. The number of the books is large, and maybe there are 100, 000 books in it. It is said that all the books cost our school 200, 000 dollars. Maybe 200, 000 dollars is large to every
77、student. In the era of knowledge explosion, the number of the students who has a thirst for knowledge is increasing day by day. Nowadays, our library has been developed into a multifunctional building. There are 50 computers in it. Many a student likes to surf the Internet here at weekends. 课时素养评价十一
78、 Unit 9Lesson 2 & Lesson 3. 用所给单词的适当形式填空1. She speaks no Japanese and is unfamiliar(familiar) with Japanese culture. 2. You do not need to read in the same way if you need to memorise(memory) something. 3. The company must reduce costs to compete effectively(effective). 4. Its normally (normal)much
79、warmer than this in July. 5. Ill make arrangements(arrange) for you to be met at the airport. 6. Mothers are often the ones who provide emotional (emotion)support for the family. 7. He was flushed with excitement (excite)at the thought of this. 8. They produced a photographic(photography) record of
80、the event. 9. A nasty incident was prevented by the timely(time) arrival of the police. 10. This is a simplified(simplify) example, but it illustrates the pattern. . 选词填空be honoured to, in one way or another, as a result, take it easy, in terms of, according to, make good use of, focus on, at the ag
81、e of, up to1. Its an ideal we all have in one way or another. 2. For me, London stands out in terms of creativity. 3. At the age of 25, Irene won her fame by her first novel. 4. Now I have a different outlook on life: Take it easy and simplify. 5. All the singers were kept together. As a result, the
82、ir performance was successful. 6. I am honoured to have the opportunity to see your performance. 7. If that happens to be your goal actions, then you can really focus on them. 8. As youth, we are in the prime of our life. We should make good use of our golden time. 9. We have known nothing about Tom
83、 up to now. 10. In Kashgar, the output reached more than 7. 5 tons per hectare, according to experts tests. . 完成句子1. When you lose a job opportunity, it is because it isnt the right job for you. 当你失去了一个工作机会, 这只是因为它并不是适合你的工作。(because引导表语从句)2. I cant stand people complaining around me when working. 我不
84、能忍受工作时人们在我周围抱怨。(连词+分词)3. The skill of papermaking, recognized as a national treasure, has also proven to be an international one. 造纸术被认为是一种国家宝藏, 也被证明是一项国际技能。(过去分词作后置定语)4. They brought her bread and meat so that she would never go hungry. 他们给她带来了面包和肉, 这样她就再也不用挨饿了。(so that引导目的状语从句)5. He came up with t
85、wo solutions. The latter seemed better than the former. 他提出了两个解决方案。后者似乎比前者更好。. 阅读理解(2020合肥高一检测)Discover Nature Schools programsBecoming Bears (Kindergarten-2 grade)By becoming baby bears, children learn from their “parent” to survive the seasons. Kids will find safety in the spring and learn kinds o
86、f food bears eat during the summer, and then create a cave for winter hibernation(冬眠). After learning the skills needed to survive, students will go out of the cave as an independent black bear able to care for himself. (1. 5-2 hours)Whose Clues? (3-5 grade)Kids will discover how plants and animals
87、use their special structures to survive. Through outdoor study of plants and animals, kids will recognize their special structures and learn how they enable species to eat, avoid their enemies and survive. Using what they have learned, kids will choose one species and tell how they survive in their
88、living places. (3-4 hours)Winged Wonders (3-5 grade)Birds add color and sound to our world and play an important ecological (生态的) role. Students will learn the basics of birds, understand the role birds play in food chains and go bird watching using field guides and telescopes. Students will do hand
89、s-on activities. Students will use tools to build bird feeders, allowing them to attract birds at home. (3-4 hours)Exploring Your Watershed (6-8 grade)We all depend on clean water. Examining how our actions shape the waterways around us. Go on a hike to see first-hand some of the challenging water-q
90、uality problems in a city. Students will test the water quality to determine the health of an ecosystem. Each program is taught for a class with at least 10 students. All programs include plenty of time outdoors. So please prepare proper clothing, sunscreen and insect killers for children. To take p
91、art in a program, please email dcprogramsmdc. mo. gov. 【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了让学生了解和体验大自然的课程的相关信息。1. What can kids do at Becoming Bears? A. Watch bears performances. B. Take care of bears. C. Learn how to survive a bear attack. D. Pretend to be baby bears to learn about bears. 【解析】选D。细节理解题。由Becoming Bear
92、s中的“By becoming baby bears, children learn from their “parent” to survive the seasons. ”可知, 通过成为熊宝宝, 孩子可以从“熊父母”那里学到生存的技能。所以孩子们在Becoming Bears能假装成小熊来学习关于熊的一些知识。故D选项正确。2. What will kids who are interested in plants choose? A. Whose Clues? B. Exploring your WatershedC. Becoming BearsD. Winged Wonders【解
93、析】选A。细节理解题。由Whose Clues? 中的“Kids will discover how plants and animals use their special structures to survive”可知, 孩子们会发现植物和动物是如何利用它们的特殊结构来生存的。所以对植物感兴趣的孩子会选择Whose Clues? 故A选项正确。3. What do all the four programs have in common? A. They have the same teaching hours. B. They have outdoor activities. C. T
94、hey are offered during summer holidays. D. They are designed for primary school students. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。由“All programs include plenty of time outdoors”可知, 四个项目都有户外活动。故B选项正确。. 完形填空(2020北京高一检测)My Chinese speaking experienceIts one thing to study and learn a language, but its quite another when you fina
95、lly get to use it. On the1 from Venice to Paris, a group of girls of my age sat around me. I had caught enough of the conversation to know that they were speaking Chinese, but at first I didnt feel 2starting a conversation with the stranger next to me. If it didnt 3 well, Id be stuck next to them fo
96、r the rest of the flight. As the food cart began to make its way down the aisle (过道)4 us, I finally found my chance. I 5 to the girl to my left and asked, “Will you be having lunch? ” in Chinese. She nodded her head, then realizing the language I had 6, and asked me in English, “You speak Chinese? ”
97、I was a bit surprised. I 7 again in Chinese. “A little bit but not very well. ” She nodded again and then returned to her magazine, 8 my effort to communicate with her. Perhaps I should have lied and said that I spoke better. Another time, at a dinner I sat next to a man who I knew spoke Chinese. I
98、told him that I was learning Chinese, but 9 only speak a little and not very well. When 10 me use the language, he suddenly began to speak 11 in Chinese, but all I caught was that he told me that for Chinese people, the ability to speak a little bit is actually a lot. His behaviour was the complete
99、opposite of my earlier 12. I felt somewhat overwhelmed (不知所措). I never quite 13 the chance to continue or make any further efforts because the conversation returned to 14 as other people joined the table. All in all, my experience has 15me that I still have a lot of work to do. 【文章大意】本文是一篇记叙文。叙述了作者一
100、次在飞机上用中文和旁边的人对话的经历, 这次经历让作者明白自己还要做很多努力学习中文。1. A. subway B. trainC. plane D. boat【解析】选C。句意: 在从威尼斯飞往巴黎的飞机上, 一群和我同龄的女孩坐在我周围。 subway地铁; train火车; plane飞机; boat船。根据后文for the rest of the flight. 可知是在飞机上。故选C。2. A. satisfiedB. luckyC. happyD. comfortable【解析】选D。句意: 我大致听懂了她们的对话, 知道她们在说中文, 但一开始我觉得和我旁边的陌生人说话不舒服。
101、 satisfied满意的; lucky幸运的; happy快乐的; comfortable舒服的。根据句意可知选D。3. A. goB. fitC. feelD. do【解析】选A。句意: 如果相处不好的话, 在接下来的飞行中挨着她们会让我不知所措。 go运转, 离开; fit适合; feel感觉; do做。此处为短语go well表示“进展顺利”。故选A。4. A. beyondB. withC. offD. towards【解析】选D。句意: 当餐车开始沿着过道向我们推过来时, 我终于找到了机会。 beyond超过; with和; off离开; towards朝向。根据后文“Will y
102、ou be having lunch? ”可知餐车向作者他们所在的位置过来了。故选D。5. A. promisedB. turnedC. ledD. referred【解析】选B。句意: 我转向左边的女孩, 用中文问道: “你要吃午饭吗? ”。 promised承诺; turned转弯; led领导; referred参考。根据后文to the girl to my left可知作者转向(turn to)左边的女孩。故选B。6. A. ownedB. usedC. writtenD. advised【解析】选B。句意: 她点了点头, 然后意识到我用的是什么语言, 就用英语问我: “你会说汉语?
103、 ” owned拥有; used使用; written写; advised建议。根据上文asked, “Will you be having lunch? ” in Chinese可知对方意识到作者使用的是中文。故选B。7. A. agreedB. stressedC. triedD. delivered【解析】选C。句意: 我又用中文试了一次。 agreed同意; stressed强调; tried尝试; delivered递送。根据后文again in Chinese. 可知作者又尝试着用中文对话。故选C。8. A. endingB. makingC. focusingD. increas
104、ing【解析】选A。句意: 她又点了点头, 然后回到她的杂志上, 结束了我与她的交流。 ending结束; making制作; focusing集中; increasing增加。根据上文She nodded again and then returned to her magazine可知对方继续去看杂志了, 结束了与作者的对话。故选A。9. A. shouldB. mustC. needD. could【解析】选D。句意: 我告诉他我正在学中文, 但只能够说一点点, 而且说得不是很好。 should应该; must必须; need需要; could能够。此处指“能够”说中文应用could。故
105、选D。10. A. lettingB. seeingC. hearingD. helping【解析】选C。句意: 当听到我用中文的时候, 他突然开始用中文说得很快, 但我只听到的是, 他告诉我, 对于中国人来说, 能说一点点通常意味着可以说很多。 letting让; seeing看见; hearing听见; helping帮助。根据对方的回答可知对方听到(hearing)作者会说中文, 故选C。11. A. rapidlyB. extremelyC. calmlyD. seriously【解析】选A。句意: 当听到我用中文的时候, 他突然开始用中文说得很快, 但我只听到他告诉我, 对于中国人来
106、说, 能说一点点通常意味着可以说很多。 rapidly快速地; extremely极其; calmly冷静地; seriously认真地。根据后文but all I caught was that he told me that for Chinese people, the ability to speak a little bit is actually a lot. 可知对方听到作者会说中文, 突然开始说得很快, 作者跟不上, 只听到他说对于中国人来说, 会说一点点通常意味着可以说很多。故选A。12. A. classB. experienceC. lectureD. attitude【
107、解析】选B。句意: 他的行为与我早先的经历完全相反, 我感到有点不知所措。 class课程; experience经历; lecture演讲; attitude态度。根据最后一段中my experience可知此处指作者早先与女孩对话的经历。故选B。13. A. gotB. missedC. exchangedD. gave【解析】选A。句意: 我一直没有机会继续说下去, 也没有做任何进一步的努力, 因为当其他人也加入到这桌时, 对话又用英语了。 got得到; missed错过; exchanged交换; gave给予。短语get the chance to do sth. “有机会做某事”。
108、故选A。14. A. ChineseB. FrenchC. EnglishD. Italian【解析】选C。句意: 我一直没有机会继续说下去, 也没有做任何进一步的努力, 因为当其他人也加入到这桌时, 对话又用英语了。 根据语境可知选C。15. A. requestedB. leftC. regardedD. taught【解析】选D。句意: 总之, 我的经历教会我, 我还要做很多努力。 requested要求; left离开; regarded把视为; taught教授。根据后文I still have a lot of work to do. 可知这次的经历教会作者, 自己还要做很多努力。
109、其他选项不符合语境。故选D。. 语法填空In a blog about English study, many students express 1. _ (they) biggest problems with learning English. Liu Wen used 2. _ (get) high marks in English, 3. _ he is, now, having much trouble with his listening. Jia Xin says that 4. _ (listen) to English radio programmes helps him g
110、et used to how fast native speakers talk, but how to make requests in English politely 5. _ (be) Jia Xins biggest problem. As for this, Li Rui thinks it depends on 6. _ were talking to. If we are talking to a close friend, we can use short requests, but if were talking to someone who isnt very close
111、 or is senior 7. _ us, we must make our requests 8. _ (long). For Li Rui, vocabulary is her biggest problem and she cant remember how to use words 9. _ (proper). Can you give her some 10. _ (advise)? 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了在英语学习中学生遇到的各种问题。1. 【解析】their。句意: 在有关英语学习的博客中, 许多学生表达了他们学习英语遇到的最大问题。此处需要填入they的形容词性
112、物主代词修饰problems。故填their。2. 【解析】to get。句意: 刘文曾经能考很高的英语成绩, 但是现在他在听力上遇到了困难。used to do sth. “过去常常做某事”。该句话表示过去和现在的对比。故填to get。3. 【解析】but。句意: 刘文过去英语成绩很好, 现在他在听力上遇到了麻烦。前后两句是转折关系。应当填but。4. 【解析】listening。句意: 贾鑫说, 听英语广播节目可以帮助他习惯以英语为母语的人说话的速度, 但是如何礼貌地用英语提出要求是贾鑫最大的问题。分析句子结构可知, 谓语动词helps之前是主语, 所给的是动词listen, 动词的不定
113、式和动名词均可以作主语, 不定式作主语常表示具体的某一动作; 动名词作主语表示泛指或一般的抽象概念。根据本句话提供的语境, 应使用动名词作主语。故填listening。5. 【解析】is。句意: 贾鑫说, 听英语广播节目可以帮助他习惯以英语为母语的人说话的速度, 但是如何礼貌地用英语提出要求是贾鑫最大的问题。由上下文可知, 该句子使用一般现在时, 句子的主语是how to make requests in English politely, 谓语动词应使用单数形式。故填is。6. 【解析】whom/who。句意: 对此, 李蕊认为这取决于我们在和谁说话。分析句子结构可知, 介词on后面是一个宾
114、语从句, 从句中缺宾语, 结合语境talk to后面应该接人, 因此使用whom或who引导宾语从句。故填whom/who。7. 【解析】to。句意: 如果我们要与一位密友交谈, 我们可以使用简短的请求, 但是如果我们与一位不太亲密或比我们年长的人交谈, 我们必须做出更长的请求。be senior to“年长于”。故填to。8. 【解析】longer。句意: 如果我们要与一位密友交谈, 我们可以使用简短的请求, 但是如果我们与一位不太亲密或比我们年长的人交谈, 我们必须做出更长的请求。根据本句及上一句话可知, 这两种情况是一种比较, 因此long要使用形容词的比较级形式。故填longer。9. 【解析】properly。句意: 对于李蕊来说, 词汇是她最大的问题, 她记不住如何正确使用单词。副词作状语修饰动词。故填properly。10. 【解析】advice。句意: 你能给她一些建议吗? give sb. sth. “给某人某物”, 此处应填入名词作宾语, advise的名词是advice, 它是不可数名词。故填advice。
