1、八、数词和主谓一致一、数词 考点一基数词1.注意几个不规则的基数词的写法。如:eleven,twelve,thirteen,fifteen,twenty,thirty,forty,fifty 等。2.英语中的数量以三位为一个单位,一般对应阿拉伯数字的写法每三位加一个逗号,分别是thousand,million和 billion。如:ten thousand=10,000;one hundred million=100,000,000。3.数词 hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen,score 表示确切数目时不加-s,但若表示不确切数目时,要用复数形式,与
2、of构成短语。如:一万:ten thousand;成千上万的: tens of thousands of;两打鸡蛋:two dozen eggs;许多鸡蛋:dozens of eggs。We got two hundred storybooks.我们弄到了两百本故事书。There are hundreds of people in the hall.大厅里有好几百人。4.年代及年龄表达法表示“某人几十岁”时,用“in ones+逢十的基数词复数”,而“十几岁”不可表示为tens,而要说成teens;表示“世纪年代”时,用“in the+逢十的年数后加s或s”。如:in his twenties
3、 在他20多岁时in the 1990s/1990s 在20世纪90年代考点二序数词1.序数词前面一般加the,多数序数词由基数词加-th构成。如:the fifteenth;以y结尾的基数词变化时,先把y改成i,再加-eth。如:twentieth。注意几个不规则的序数词的写法。如:first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth等。 但如果表示“又(另)一”(不侧重顺序),序数词前要用不定冠词。如:Now tell me why you took a second arrow.现在告诉我为什么你手里拿着另一支箭。2.序数词常可缩写,其形式为阿拉伯数
4、字加序数词的最后两个字母。如:1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,22nd,23rd,24th。3.小数小数点用point表示,小数点后的数用个位基数词表示。如:0.567zero point five six seven。4.分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,如果分子大于1,分母需加-s。如:1/5one fifth/one-fifth;3/4three fourths/three- fourths。5.百分数百分号用percent (per cent)或 % 表示。如:19.56 %nineteen point five six percent。二、主谓一致考点一语法一致1.表示单一概
5、念的动名词、不定式或句子作主语时,谓语动词用单数。When and where to go for the on-salary holiday has not been decided yet.带薪度假的时间和地点还没决定。2.“one/either/neither/each of+复数名词/代词”作主语时,谓语用单数。Either of the stories is very funny.这两个故事都很有趣。3.something,everything,anything,nothing,somebody,nobody,no one等不定代词作主语,谓语通常用单数。Nothing is imp
6、ossible.没有不可能的事。4.表示时间、金钱、距离、重量、数量的复数名词作主语,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数。Ten pounds was missing from the box.盒子里的东西少了十磅。5.主语后有with,together with,along with,except,besides,as well as等词或短语时,谓语动词的数要与这些词或短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致(因为with等词为介词,其后跟的名词只能是介宾,不可能充当主语)。Mr.Green together with his children goes to the park every Sund
7、ay.格林先生每个星期天都和他的孩子们一起去这个公园。6.what引导的从句作主语时,谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数。What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.最令我惊讶的是他对学习的态度。What her father left her are only some books.她父亲留给她的只有一些书。7.such作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。Such is Stephen Hawking,who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much
8、.这就是史蒂芬霍金,他经受了很多痛苦但也取得了许多成就。Such are the results we have got.这些就是我们所取得的成果。8.有计量单位名词修饰的不可数名词充当句子主语时,谓语动词用单数还是用复数形式,由计量单位名词的单、复数形式决定。There is a cup of tea on the table.桌子上有一杯茶。How many bottles of milk are there in the box? 箱子里有多少瓶牛奶? 考点二意义一致1.“every/each/no+名词+and every/each/no+名词”作主语时,谓语用单数。Every boy
9、 and every girl is playing sports now.每个男孩和女孩都正在参加运动。2.“one+单数名词+and a half”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。One apple and a half was on the table.桌子上有一个半苹果。3.“more than one+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。More than one student has failed the exam.不止一个学生考试不及格。4.“many a+单数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。Many a child was playing there.很多孩子在那边玩。5.在定语从
10、句中,关系代词如果在从句中作主语,根据先行词决定从句谓语动词的单复数;在“one of+复数名词+who/ that/which”引导的从句中,谓语动词用复数;但之前有the(only)等修饰语时,从句中的谓语动词用单数。Mary is the only one of the students in our school who has ever been to China.玛丽是我们学校唯一一个去过中国的学生。6.the rest,the remaining/part.+主语,谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。The factory used three fifths of the ra
11、w materials,the rest of which were saved for other purposes.工厂用了这种原材料的五分之三,剩余部分节省出来作为他用。7.分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时,谓语动词的单复数取决于它们所表示的意义。About 50% of the land is suitable to grow plants.大约50%的土地适合种植物。About 80% of the people in the city object to the price of running water going up.这个城市中大约80%的人反对自来水价格上调。考点三就近原则1
12、.谓语动词的人称和数常常与其最接近的主语保持一致。常出现在这类句子中的连词有or,not.but.,either.or.,neither.nor.,not only.but also.等。Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.要么他们要么我为这个事情的结果负责。2.在倒装句中谓语常与后面最接近的主语一致。In the distance was heard the clapping of hands and the shouts of the people.远处传来拍手声和人们的喊叫声。3.当there be句
13、型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。here引起的句子与此用法相同。There is a pen,a knife and several books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔、一把刀和几本书。Here is a pen,a few envelopes and some paper in the drawer.在抽屉里有一支钢笔、几个信封和一些纸。 就近一致原则也适用于疑问句。在疑问句里,同样是依据最近的主语的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数。Is either Tom or you to be sent to work there?是你或者汤姆要被派去那里工作吗?(
14、对应学生用书第198页)1.Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data.(2019全国)2.Amy,as well as her brothers,(give) a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.(2019天津)3.While running regularly cant make you live
15、forever,the review says it(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking,cycling or swimming.(2018全国)答案及剖析:1.are考查谓语动词。句意:在十九个公认的北极熊亚群体中,三个群体在下降,六个群体处于平稳状态,一个群体在增长,九个群体缺少足够的数据。根据句式结构可知此处是谓语部分,six指代six polar bear subpopulations,谓语动词应用复数形式are。2.was given考查主谓一致。根据句意可知,当埃米和她的兄弟们上周回到村子的时候受到了热烈的欢迎。a
16、s well as遵循就远原则,谓语动词应该跟随Amy单数,时间状语last week表明应该使用一般过去时。3.is本句讲述经常跑步的好处,用的是一般现在时,再根据空白处前面的cant make和says可知,此处讲述的是客观事实,因此用is。单句语法填空1.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).(2019浙江)2.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and, in 1981, the (one) woma
17、n to join the U.S.Supreme Court.3.A new collection of photos (bring) an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.4.Without a (two) thought, the woman joined the Welty party.5.More than one doctor (be) involved in the rescue that took place after the earthquake.6.Either you or one of your students
18、(be) to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.7.The basketball coach,as well as his team,(be) interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.8.After they volunteered in the library,each book and each paper (be) in proper place.9.Living in a boarding school (make) me independe
19、nt,which has a great effect on me.10.He has donated some money to those who live in poverty,which (be) of great help.答案及剖析:1.has/will have句意:当学校里每个学生都穿校服时,没有人会担心时尚。空格前面的从句用一般现在时,主句谓语动词应该用一般现在时或者一般将来时。而主语nobody是第三人称单数,所以当句子为一般现在时态时,谓语动词用第三人称单数。2.first考查数词。根据句意,在1981年,她成为第一个加入美国最高法院的女性。用序数词first表示“第一”
20、。3.brings考查主谓一致。该句的主语为A new collection of photos,并不是photos,谓语动词应该和A new collection保持一致,用第三人称单数。4.second考查数词。second表示“又,再”,without a second thought表示“不假思索”。5.was句意:许多医生都加入到了震后的营救工作中。“more than one + 可数名词单数”作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。根据从句用一般过去时可知,主句也应用一般过去时。故填was。6.iseither.or. 连接两个主语,按就近原则来确定谓语的单复数。one of yo
21、ur students的谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。句意:要么是你,要么是你的一个学生要去参加明天举行的会议。7.was这个事情已经发生,故用一般过去时;看主语中有个as well as 结构,根据就远原则,谓语动词单复数的确定要看as well as 结构之前的成分,the basketball coach为单数,填was。句意:刚刚精彩的比赛表现之后,篮球教练以及他的队员就接受了采访。8.was“each+名词+and each+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。句意:从他们去图书馆做志愿者工作以后,每本书和每张报纸都被摆放得井井有条。9.makes动名词作主语时,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。句意:住寄宿学校使我独立,这对我影响很大。10.is句意:他给那些生活贫困的人捐了一些钱,这帮了大忙。which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语,指代前面主句的内容,故从句谓语动词应用单数;根据空前的has donated可知此处应用一般现在时。故填is。
