1、译林高中英语选择性必修四Unit 3 课后培优练 (Grammar and usage-Project)【Part A】 基础知识练习一、 英汉互译1. 权衡，斟酌2. 让处于危险之中3. 调查工作，研究工作4. 立即行动起来，马上大干起来5. 处于有利地位，有优势6. 在整个面试期间7. 全力以赴8. 将.付诸行动9. keep track of.10. 夜以继日地工作11. cost the company a great deal12. 满足潜在客户的需求13. 浏览企业名录14. 向某人寻求关于.的建议15. 有很强的服装设计的天赋16. 对.熟悉17. get a complete
2、picture of.18. follow sth. up19. be drawn to.20. a two-way street【答案】1. weigh up2. put sth on the line3. detective work4. swing into action5. gain the upper hand6. for the duration of the interview7. put ones best foot forward8. put.into action9. 掌握.的最新消息；与.保持联系10. work around the clock11. 使公司蒙受巨大损失
3、12. satisfy the needs of potential clients13. look through the business directory14. seek advice from sb. about.15. have great talent for fashion design16. be familiar with17. 全面了解18. 对.采取进一步行动，.后接着19. 被.吸引20. 双向沟通，双方相互的事二、 根据提示填写正确形式的词汇1. We hope to ensure that every (候选者) will give some considerat
4、ion to the issues which affect older people.2. In the late 20th century, we have more choices about (样式) of living.3. I went down to the washroom to get a drink of water, and to have a (刮脸).4. Man-made f such as polyester(涤纶) are easy to wash and iron.5. Data on the marketofand houses can behighly (
5、主观的).6. No matter what the circumstances, street violence cannot be (证明正确).7. Police were reported to have s all copies of this mornings edition of the newspaper.8. He made a (坚定的) decision to leave Fort Multry by boat.9. Thisestablishedastrong (公司的)image.10. If you need more money, we can arrange a
6、 l .11. Nearly every state had (建立) a student-testing program.12. Jen returned from vacation feeling relaxed and (精神振作的).13. It is r to speak when youre eating.14. Yesterdays meeting was to lay the (准备工作) for the task ahead.15. Her workhas been, including that ofof an (机构).16. For years people thoug
7、ht the picture was a g Van Gogh, but in fact its a fake(赝品).17. Keep your credit card (收据) until your statement(结算单) arrives.18. He has acquired a reputation as this countrys (最著名的) solo violinist.19. The doctor says the swelling(肿胀) is just t and should go down in a few days.20. The (每月的) rent for
8、a two-bedroom flat would be 953.33.21. Itshow thefeel but the managersis equally as (有价值的).22. We carefully l each item with the contents and the date.23. We apologize for the (延迟) in answering your letter.24. They will be encouraged to mix academic A-levels with vocational(职业的) (资格，资历) 【答案】1. candi
9、date2. modes3. shave4. fabrics5. subjective6. justified7. seized8. firm9. corporate10. loan11. instituted12. refreshed13. rude14. groundwork15. institute16. genuine17. receipts18. premier19. temporary20. monthly21. relevant22. labeled/labelled23. delay24. qualifications三、 单句语法填空1. Howcantheyjustify
10、_(pay)suchhugesalaries?【答案】paying【解析】justify doing sth.意为“为做某事辩护”，justify后接v-ing，故填paying。2. All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure.【答案】to【解析】句意：所有的安排都应该在你离开之前完成。prior to为固定搭配，表示“在.之前”。3. They have made their fortunes from industry and _(commercial).【答案】commerce【解析】根据句意：他们靠
11、工商业发了财。可知空格处要填所给词的名词形式。所给词commercial是形容词，其名词形式为commerce。4. It is not a problem _ we can win the battle; its just a matter of time.【答案】whether【解析】考查主语从句。句意：我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题；这只是时间问题。根据下文its just a matter of time可知，此处指”我们能否打赢这场战斗不是问题”，it是形式主语，whether引导的从句是真正的主语。5. In addition to my_(week)wage, I got a lo
12、t of tips.【答案】weekly【解析】空格后为名词wage，所以空格处要填形容词以修饰后面的名词，故填weekly。6. _(apply)willbeexpectedtohavegoodcommandofEnglish.【答案】applicants【解析】根据空格后句意： 必须精通英语。可知空格处应填人，故用apply的名词形式之一applicants申请者。7. The student completed this experiment to make come true _ Professor Joseph had said.【答案】what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：为了使约
13、瑟夫教授所说的成为现实，这个学生完成了这个实验。_ Professor Joseph had said作make的宾语从句，该从句中，空处在从句中作said的宾语，表示”所说的话”，因此应用what引导该从句。8. What _(criterion) are used for assessing a students ability?【答案】criteria【解析】根据空格后谓语动词are可知，要使用复数形式，故填criteria。9. It can _(infer)that they have problems finishing the task.【答案】inferred【解析】本句为th
14、at引导主语从句，it作形式主语的句子。根据句意：可以推断出，他们完成这个任务有困难。可知，要用被动语态，故填be inferred。10. Scientists have obtained more evidence _ plastic is finding its way into the human body.【答案】that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺句子成分，且与evidence指代的是同一事件，用that引导同位语从句。11. Every year, _makes the most beautiful kite will w
15、in a prize in the Kite Festival.【答案】whoever【解析】句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，且不确定，故填whoever。12. Weregretthisserviceis_(temporary)unavailable.【答案】temporarily【解析】句意：我们很抱歉暂时不能提供这一服务。可知空格处要填副词形式，修饰后面的unavailable。故填temporarily。13. These did not involve substantial changes
16、, and often introduced useful_(clarify) and examples.【答案】temporarily【解析】句意：这些不涉及实质性的变化，通常会引入有用的澄清和示例。可知空格处要填名词形式，作introduced的宾语。故填clarifications.14. Without his support, we wouldnt be_ we are now.【答案】where【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：没有他的支持，我们是不会在现在这个位置的。“_ we are now”是表语从句，结合句子的意思可知，该处指我们所处的位置，故该从句应用where引导。15.
17、He delayed_(tell)her the news, waiting for the right moment.【答案】telling【解析】delay doing sth.意为“延迟做某事”，delay后接v-ing作宾语，故填telling。四、 写出单词在下列句子中的中文意思1. plug(1) Ill have to change the plug on my hairdryer.(2) She put the plug in the sink and filled it with cold water.(3) He plugged the hole in the pipe w
18、ith an old rag.(4) A cheaper range of products was introduced to plug the gap at the lower end of the market.(5) She came on the show to plug her latest album.(6) The banks have the power to pull the plug on the project.【答案】(1) (n.)插头(2) (n.)塞子(3) (v.)堵塞(4) (v.)补足，补充(5) (v.)推广，宣传(6) (n.)pull the plu
19、g on.停止，中断，取消2. swing(1) He sat on the stool(凳子), swinging his legs.(2) A line of cars swung out of the palace gates.(3) He swung the camera around to face the opposite direction.(4) His emotions swung between fear and curiosity.(5) Blanche swung at her but she moved her head back and Blanche missed
20、.(6) The kids were playing on the swings.(7) There was a massive twenty per cent swing away from the Conservatives to the Liberal Democrats.【答案】(1) (v.)摇摆(2) (v.)（使）弧线运动，转弯(3) (v.)（使）突然转向，突然转身(4) (v.)（使）改变(意见、情绪等)(5) (v.)(挥动手臂等)朝打去;朝挥击;挥向(6) (n.)秋千(7) (n.)(意见、态度或感情的)改变;(尤指)突变，巨变3. profile(1) The dea
21、l will certainly raise the companys international profile.(2) We first build up a detailed profile of our customers and their requirements.(3) His handsome profile was turned away from us.(4) His career is profiled in this months journal.【答案】(1) (n.)形象(2) (n.)概述，简介(3) (n.)侧面轮廓(4) (v.)概述，写简介五、 根据括号内的
22、提示补全句子1. 很有可能你以前从未做过某份工作的应聘者，但我的建议将帮助你在开始并步入职场时占据上风。（教材原句回译）The odds are a particular job before, but my advice will help you .2. 检查面试地址，决定使用哪种交通方式，并为交通延误留出额外时间。（教材原句回译） 3. 我们很节俭的装修了我们的新房子。(budget) 4. 你必须权衡这个项目的益处以及相关的风险。(weigh up)You must involved.5. 疫情期间聚集可能让他人的健康处于危险之中。(put.on the line)Gathering
23、during the pandemic period .6. 说起打排球，他可是个高手。(when it comes to.) 7. 如果发送申请后没有收到答复，你可以再打个电话跟进一下。If you , you can 8. 许多路人被尖叫声吸引至现场。 【答案】参考译文1. 很有可能你以前从未做过某份工作的应聘者，但我的建议将帮助你在开始并步入职场时占据上风。（教材原句回译）The odds are that youve never been a candidate for a particular job before, but my advice will help you gain
24、the upper hand as you set off and step into the world of employment.2. 检查面试地址，决定使用哪种交通方式，并为交通延误留出额外时间。（教材原句回译）Check the address of the interview, decide what mode of transport to use and allow extra time for traffic delays. 3. 我们很节俭的装修了我们的新房子。(budget)We decorated our new house on a tight budget 4. 你
25、必须权衡这个项目的益处以及相关的风险。(weigh up)You must weigh up the benefits of the project against the risks involved.5. 疫情期间聚集可能让他人的健康处于危险之中。(put.on the line)Gathering during the pandemic period is likely to put others health on the line.6. 说起打排球，他可是个高手。(when it comes to.)When it comes to playing volleyball, he is
26、 actually a master.7. 如果发送申请后没有收到答复，你可以再打个电话跟进一下。If you receive no response after you send your application, you can follow it up with a phone call.8. 许多路人被尖叫声吸引至现场。Many passers-by were drawn to the scene by the screams.【Part B】 技能提升练习一、 阅读七选五（2021江西景德镇一模）Its very hard to write your own resume becau
27、se a resume is a macro view of your life, but you live your life at the micro level. _1_ Here are three ideas that guide professional resume writers and should guide you as well:Dont focus on your responsibilities, focus on what you achieved.A resume is not your life story. No one cares. The only th
28、ings that should be on your resume are achievements. The best way to show that you did your job well is from achievements. _2_ It is an objective way to show that you impressed the people you work for. The next best way to show objective measures is to present quantified achievements._3_Think about
29、when a company announced the launch of their product. First of all, the product is not done. Second of all, it has bugs. And third, the company is probably showing photos of prototypes and the real thing will look different. _4_, because a resume is a marketing document. The best marketing documents
30、 show the product in the very best light, which means using whatever most outrageous tactics possible to make you look good. As long as you are not lying, you will be fine.Dont give everything away in the resume.The idea of a resume is to get someone to call you, talk with you on the phone, and offe
31、r you an interview. So a resume is like a first date. _5_AYou only show your best stuff and you dont show it all.BSo I recommend to a lot of people that they hire someone to help them.CHowever, some of you will be able to do a decent job writing your own resume.DIn fact, the interview is where the h
32、ard-core selling takes place.EYou need to take the same approach with your resume.FThe best achievement is a promotion.GDont make your resume a moral statement; its a marketing document.【答案】 CFGEA【解析】这是一篇说明文。介绍了如何写出高规格的简历的方法。1. 根据前文“Its very hard to write your own resume because a resume is a macro
33、view of your life, but you live your life at the micro level.”（自己写简历很难，因为简历是你生活的宏观视角，但你的生活是微观层面的。）后文“Here are three ideas that guide professional resume writers and should guide you as well”（这里有三个建议可以指导专业的简历撰写者，也可以指导你。）提到了三个实用的写简历的建议，可以帮助你实现写自己的完美的简历。所以空白处的内容应该是针对你认为比较难得事情别人做的如何。选项C.“However, some o
34、f you will be able to do a decent job writing your own resume.”（不过，你们中的一些人可以自己写一份像样的简历。）符合题意，故选C。2. 根据前文“The only things that should be on your resume are achievements. The best way to show that you did your job well is from achievements.”（你的简历上唯一应该写的就是成就。证明你工作出色的最好方式就是成就。）提到了简历上应该展示你的成就，它是展示你工作出色的最
35、好方式。所以接下来内容应为你的成就通过什么方式来说明。选项F. “The best achievement is a promotion.”（最好的成就就是升职。）表明了在工作中因为你的优秀所以给你升职，充分说明你的成就。符合题意，故选F。3. 此空是小标题。根据下文“Think about when . the real thing will look different.”（想想当一个公司宣布他们的产品上市时。首先，产品还没做好。其次，它有缺陷。第三，公司可能会展示原型的照片，真品看起来会不一样。）“The best marketing documents show the product
36、 in the very best light, which means using whatever most outrageous tactics possible to make you look good.”（最好的营销文件会以最好的方式展示产品，也就是说，尽可能使用最离谱的策略来让你（产品）看起来更好。）谈到了公司推广新产品时所采取的的营销策略，所以作为本段的中心句应该是把产品的营销策略和写简历做对比，认为简历也是营销。选项G. “Dont make your resume a moral statement; its a marketing document.”（不要把你的简历当成
37、一种道德宣言，它是一份营销文件。）符合题意，故选G。4. 根据本段的中心句可知，简历不是一种道德宣言，它是一份营销文件。下文“because a resume is a marketing document. ”（因为简历是一份营销文件。）所以此处应该是讲述对我们的简历我们同样采用产品营销的方法来做。选项E.“You need to take the same approach with your resume.”（你的简历也要用同样的方法。）符合题意，故选E。5. 根据前文“The idea of a resume is to get someone to call you, talk wi
38、th you on the phone, and offer you an interview. So a resume is like a first date.”（简历的目的就是让别人给你打电话，和你通电话，给你一个面试机会。简历就像是第一次约会。）提到了写好简历可以达到的目的及其重要性，所以接下来的内容应为写简历时，我们应该要通过展示什么来实现我们写简历的目的。选项A. “You only show your best stuff and you dont show it all.”（你只展示你最好的东西，而不是全部。）表明了简历上应该呈现的东西，承接前文，符合题意，故选A。二、 语法填
39、空(2021福建宁德同心顺联盟校期中)Jo is a young Australian woman _1_ worked as a volunteer teacher in Papua New Guinea for two years. The high school where she worked was a bush school whose classrooms were made _2_ bamboo and grass. The other day Jo was showing the boys the weekly chemistry experiment _3_ the mix
40、ture was bubbling over everywhere before she knew it. The boys who had never come across anything like this before were so _4_ (frighten) that they started jumping out of the windows _5_ (swift). Although Jo wondered if chemistry was relevant to the kids, she tried to make _6_ difference to the boys
41、 lives.Last weekend Jo and Jenny _7_ (go) to visit a village - Tombes home. When they arrived, Tombes father led them into his house, a low bamboo hut with grass _8_ (stick) out of the roof. Later, Jo noticed a tin can was heated on the grill over the fire and then thrown away _9_ (avoid) evil spiri
42、ts. They left the next morning after many goodbyes and firm _10_ (handshake). It was such a privilege to have spent a day there.【答案】1. who/that 2. of 3. when 4. frightened 5. swiftly 6. a 7. went 8. sticking 9. to avoid 10. handshakes【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了澳大利亚女教师在巴布亚新几内亚做了两年的志愿者教师的日常生活。1. 考查定语从句。句意：乔是一名年
43、轻的澳大利亚女性，她在巴布亚新几内亚做了两年的志愿者教师。 该空应填一个关系词引导定语从句，修饰先行词woman，指人，代替先行词在从句中作主语，关系代词who/that符合题意，故填who/that。2. 考查介词。句意：她工作的高中是一所丛林学校，教室是用竹子和草做成的。固定短语be made of表示“由.制作而成的（看得出原材料）”，该句表示教室是用竹子和草做成的。故填of。3. 考查连词。句意：有一天，乔正在给男孩子们看每周的化学实验，在她还没反应过来的时候，混合物已经到处冒泡了。be doing when表示“正在做.这时突然.”，此处应填连词when。故填when。4. 考查形容
44、词。句意：这些男孩以前从来没有遇到过这样的事情，他们非常害怕，开始迅速地从窗户跳出去。该小题需要一个形容词作表语，v+ed形式的形容词修饰人，所给动词frighten的形容词frightened符合题意，修饰主语boys。故填frightened。5. 考查副词。句意：这些男孩以前从来没有遇到过这样的事情，他们非常害怕，开始迅速地从窗户跳出去。该空需要一个副词修饰动词短语jumping out，所给词swift（迅速的）为形容词，应变为其副词形式。故填swiftly。6. 考查冠词。句意： 尽管乔不知道化学对孩子们是否有意义，但她还是试图改变男孩们的生活。固定短语make a differen
45、ce to表示“对.产生影响”。故填a。7. 考查时态。句意：上周末，乔和珍妮去参观了一个村庄汤贝的家。该空所给动词go在句中作谓语，根据时间状语Last weekend可知，应使用一般过去时态。故填went。8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：当她们到达时，汤贝的父亲把他们带进了他的房子，一个低矮的竹屋，屋顶上长着草。该空所给动词stick在句中作with复合结构中的宾语补足语，与前面宾语grass是主动关系，应使用现在分词。故填sticking。9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：后来，乔注意到一个铁罐在火上的烤架上加热，然后扔掉了，以避开恶灵。该空所给动词avoid在句中作目的状语，应使用动词不定式形式
46、。故填to avoid。10. 考查名词复数。句意：在多次道别和坚定的握手之后，她们第二天早上离开了。该空所给名词handshake是可数名词，根据空前“many”可知应使用复数形式。故填 handshakes。三、 应用文写作（2021四川射洪中学高二期中）假定你是一名大学生，名叫李华。你从网站上得知孔子学院要招聘志愿者担当汉语教师，请写一封信申请做志愿者。内容包括：1.写信目的； 2.个人优势； 3.表达愿望。注意：1.词数100左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。Dear Sir or Madam, Yours，Li Hua【答案】One possible version：Dea
47、r Sir or Madam,I am LiHua, a college student. Knowing that you are recruiting volunteers to teach foreigners English, I am writing to apply for this position.Im convinced that I will be the right person for the position. To start with, not only do I have a good knowledge of Chinese, but Im also flue
48、nt in English, which enables me to communicate with foreigners more easily. In addition, Im quite familiar with some traditional Chinese arts like paper-cutting and calligraphy, thus giving me an opportunity to introduce Chinese culture to foreigners. For the above reasons, I think Im qualified and
49、suitable for the position.I would appreciate it if you could give me the chance. Looking forward to your early reply.Yours,LiHua【解析】本篇书面表达属于书信写作，要求考生书写向孔子学院递交的汉语教师志愿者的申请信。1. 词汇积累确信的：sure convinced首先：firstly to start with了解、熟悉：know be familiar with使、能：make enable2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：In addition, Im quite
50、familiar with some traditional Chinese arts like paper-cutting and calligraphy, thus giving me an opportunity to introduce Chinese culture to foreigners.拓展句：In addition, Im quite familiar with some traditional Chinese arts like paper-cutting and calligraphy so that I can introduce Chinese culture to
51、 foreigners.【点睛】高分句型1 Knowing that you are recruiting volunteers to teach foreigners English, I am writing to apply for this position. (运用了现在分词作状语)高分句型2 To start with, not only do I have a good knowledge of Chinese, but Im also fluent in English, which enables me to communicate with foreigners more easily. (运用了not only. but also.倒装句)
