1、2021高考英语复习之高考真题阅读词块精析（十六）2020全国一卷（D篇）The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research. Recent studies have found positive effects. A study conducted in Youngstown，Ohio，for example, discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime. In another，e
2、mployees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants.The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse，even unusual functions. Th
3、ese include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when theyre short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. Were thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,explained Michael Strano, a professo
4、r of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants grow（发光）in experiments using some common vegetables. Stranos team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours. The light，about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by，is just a start
5、. The technology, Strano said, could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn tree into self-powered street lamps. in the future，the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plants lifetime. The engin
6、eers are also trying to develop an on and offswitchwhere the glow would fade when exposed to daylight.Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US. Since lighting is often far removed from the power source（电源）such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a
7、remote highway-a lot of energy is lost during transmission（传输）. Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 词块梳理1：connectn. 连接, 联结；联系; 关系；连接点; 连接物；熟人, 业务上的客户近义词：n. relation, union, unification, instrumentality, instrumentation, acquaintance, friend词组 | 习惯用语in connection
8、 with 与有关；与相连connection with 与的关系close connection 紧密联系internet connection 网络连接，因特网联通in this connection 在这一点上network connection 网络连接；网络接线direct connection 直接连接parallel connection 并联series connection 串联2：subjectn. 主题; 题目; 问题；话题, 考虑的问题；学科, 科目; 课程；主语, 主词adj. 常有常患, 常遭受的; 倾向于的；须服从的; 受支配的；受约束管辖的, 不独立的；取决于的
9、, 有待于的vt. 使服从, 征服, 制伏时 态: subjected, subjecting, subjects 名 词: subjection近义词：n. message, content, subject matter, substance, cognitive content, mental object, knowledge domainv. affect, impact, bear upon, bear on, touch on, touch, submitadj. taxable, nonexempt, susceptible, subordinate, affected反义词：
10、n. nontaxable, exempt, unsusceptible, insusceptible, insubordinate, unaffected解析：liable: 指易于产生某种不利的结果，侧重偶然性，常表示警告或提醒。apt: 口语中常用，指自然的或习惯的倾向，无特殊的褒贬意味，常指在一般情况下发生的事。likely: 侧重可能性，用于指将来，预言希望或所不希望的结果。prone: 多用于人，着重其本性，或倾向于某种错误、弱点或不良行为等。subject: 指确实可以察觉的倾向，也就是总结出来的规律。词组 | 习惯用语on the subject of 涉及时subject m
11、atter 主题；主旨on the subject 就某话题subject to change 弦外之音（专辑）special subject 特殊主体research subject 研究课题main subject 主体；主课subject area 主题区，主题范围；职务范围major subject 专业；主科subject to approval 需经批准；以确认为准basic subject 基础学科subject research 课题研究subject line 标题；主题行；主题栏；事由change the subject 改变话题civil subject 民事主体subj
12、ect investigated 研究对象subject study 课题研究3：study1. n. 学习，研究；学问；课题；书房 2. vt. 学习；攻读；考虑；细察词组习惯用语studies n. 研究；学习；学业（study的复数）; v. 学习（study的第三人称单数形式）;Study and Language Study 学习和语言学习area study 区域研究case study 个案研究；法 案例研究study permit 学习许可advanced study 进修；高级的研究study habits 学习习惯parametric studies 参量分析; 参数研究;
13、comparative study 比较研究；对比研究网络短语:Studies the study diligently 努力学学习quick study 学得快的; 学得快的人; 能快速记忆背诵的人;lesson study 课例研究; 课堂学习研究;Thermochemical studies 热化学研究supervised study 自学辅导教学research-oriented study 研究型学习4：positiveadj. 确实的, 明确的；积极的; 肯定的；表现得有信心和有希望的, 确信的数电正的, 阳性的；完全的; 纯粹的n. 语原级形容词；确实; 正量, 正数；正片副 词
14、: positively近义词：n. film, photographic filmadj. affirmative, optimistic, constructive, advantageous, Gram-positive, formal, undeniable反义词：n. negative, neutral, electronegative, electroneutral, disadvantageous, harmful, disconfirming词组 | 习惯用语positive effect 积极的效果；明显效果positive and negative 正反；肯定和否定posi
15、tive attitude 积极态度positive correlation 化正相关positive influence 正面影响，积极影5：conductv. 组织，实施，进行；指挥（音乐）；带领，引导；举止，表现；传导（热或电）n. 行为举止；管理（方式），实施（办法）；引导时 态: conducted, conducting, conducts 名 词: conductibility形容词: conductible近义词：n. activity, traitv. manage, deal, care, handle, perform, execute, do解析：accompany:
16、既可指人也可指物。用于人时，侧重关系紧密或同时发生。conduct: 无论用于人或物均指引导带领。attend: 侧重主从关系，即下级对上级，学生对老师等，或表恭、服侍。escort: 通常指用车或人在陆上伴随、护送，其目的是保护或出于礼节。词组 | 习惯用语conduct oneself （行为）表现code of conduct 行为准则；规范conduct research 进行研究good conduct 行为端正conduct electricity 导电disorderly conduct 扰乱社会治安的行为，妨碍治安行为conduct a survey 进行调查ethical c
17、onduct 伦理行为，道德行为conduct disorder 品行障碍；行为失常conduct pipe 导管 6：decoratevt. 装饰；布置；授勋给vi. 装饰；布置时 态: decorated, decorating, decorates 近义词：v. change, alter, modify, be, honor, honour, reward解析：decorate: 普通用词，指对人或物进行装饰，使之更加完美。ornament: 指装饰以精美之物，使某处或某物增添美丽的或景色。词组 | 习惯用语decorate with 以来装饰decorate the house 装饰
18、房间7：plantn. 工厂，车间；植物；庄稼；设备vt. 安置；种植；栽培；培养vi. 种植时 态: planted, planting, plants 形容词: plantable近义词：n. building complex, complex, organism, being, contrivance, stratagem, dodgev. put, set, place, pose, position, lay, insert词组 | 习惯用语plant oneself 站立不动，处于固定位置;找到职位安顿下来，安家落户;power plant 发电厂；动力装置in plant 在生长
19、发育中treatment plant 污水净化厂plant growth 植物生长production plant 生产设备chemical plant 化学工厂nuclear power plant 核电站；核能发电厂thermal power plant 火力发电厂；热电厂processing plant n. 炼油厂；石油加工厂machinery plant 机器制造厂preparation plant 选矿厂steel plant 钢铁厂；炼钢厂sewage treatment plant 污水处理厂plant something on someone 俚语;向某人栽赃;拿假货(卖)给
20、人;manufacturing plant 生产厂；制造工厂coking plant 焦化厂；炼焦厂ammonia plant 氨植物whole plant 全植物water plant 水生植物8：functionn. 功能; 作用; 职责；函数; 与另一事物有密切关系的事物；社交集会vi. 工作, 运行, 起作用时 态: functioned, functioning, functions 近义词：n. mathematical relation, utility, usefulness, duty, relation, social gathering, social affairv.
21、suffice, do, answer, serve反义词：n. malfunction, misfunction解析：duty: 指按道德和法律的标准，一个人永远要尽的义务，强调自觉性。obligation: 指道义上或法律上对他人的义务，强调强制性。也指因作出承诺而被迫履行的某种义务。responsibility: 指任何义务、职责、责任或职务上所尽的本分，强调对他人的责任。function: 指因职务或职业关系去履行某种职责9：chemicaln. 化学制品，化学药品adj. 化学的副 词: chemically近义词：n. material, stuffadj. chemistry,
22、chemical science, chemical substance解析：drug: 普通用词，含义广泛，可指任何用于预防或治疗肉体上或精神上疾病的药品。用复数形式，多指毒品。medicine: 普通用词，可指药物的总称，也指一切有利于健康的东西。medication: 指医生开给病人用的一切药物，从最简单的阿斯匹林到最复杂的药物。remedy: 普通用词，侧重指对恢复健康有效的药品或治疗方法。cure: 比remedy更强调使身体恢复健康的疗法或良药。chemical: 多指工业或化学中的药品，有时也指医药中的药品。10：explain v. 说明，解释时 态: explained, e
23、xplaining, explains 形容词: explainable近义词：v. inform, state, say, tell, justify, vindicate解析：explain: 含义广，最普通用词，指把某事向原来不了解、不清楚的人解释明白、说清楚等。interpret: 着重以特殊的知识、经验来解释难理解的事情。illustrate: 多指用实例或插图、图表加以说明。clarify: 指把已发生的事件。情况和现状说清楚。account: 说明某事物如何符合自然法则或逻辑。词组 | 习惯用语explain oneself 为自己辩解；说明自己意图explain away 通过
24、解释消除explain clearly 阐明，清晰的解释11：projectvt. 规划；抛; 投; 射vt. & vi. 伸出, 突出; 表达特点n. 项目, 计划, 方案, 课题时 态: projected, projecting, projects 近义词：n. work, plan, program, programmev. communicate, intercommunicate, transmit, transfer, transport, channel, channelize词组 | 习惯用语project oneself 表现自己；突出自己project managemen
25、t 项目管理；专案管理construction project 建筑计划，建设项目；基建计划project cost 工程项目成本；施工费用engineering project 工程项目project manager 项目经理research project 研究项目development project 开发项目；发展计划project team 项目工作组；攻关队伍investment project 投资项目；投资计划three gorges project 三峡工程project planning 项目规划；工程规划；计划图编制project implementation 项目执行；
26、项目实现project financing 项目融资；项目资金筹措key project 重点项目，关键项目；枢纽工程project plan n. 项目规划；工程计划pilot project 试点项目，试点工程；样板工程，样板设计graduation project 毕业设计project evaluation 项目评估；工程评定power project 动力工程12：common adj.普遍的,常见的；公有的,共有的,共同的；一般的,平常的比较级:commoner,commonest缩写:com副词:commonly名词:commonness近义词：n.tract,pieceofla
27、nd,pieceofground,parcelofland,munal,public,average,ordinary,democratic,popular,demotic反义词：n.individual,single,uncommon,unshared,strange,unusual,formal解析：common:多用于指物，侧重很常见，不稀奇。ordinary:用于物，指每天发生，十分平淡无奇；用于人，指无特别之处，很一般。general:语气强于common，侧重大多如此，很少有例外情况。usual:指常见常闻和常做的事或举动，强调惯常性。popular:指适应大众爱好、需要，为大家所
28、公认或接受。universal:与general同义，但语气较强，侧重对每个人或事物都适用，根本没有例外。词组|习惯用语incommon共同的；共有的commonpeople大众，平民commonground（争论双方的）共同基础；一致之处incommonwith与一样commonsense常识commonuse共同使用；多畜共牧commonlaw习惯法；不成文法commoncause共同事业；共同目标协会；偶然原因；普通原因commonlanguage共同语；公用语言commonprosperity共同繁荣；共同富裕commoninterest共同利益commongoal共同目标common
29、practice惯例；习惯作法commoncold感冒commonstock普通股；普通股股本commonmarket（欧洲）共同市场；欧洲共同体commonfeature共同特征commonknowledgen.常识；大家都知道的事commonname化常用名；普通名称；普通名词commonlife平淡生活 13：amountvi. 总计，合计；共计；相当于；产生结果n. 数量；总额，总数时 态: amounted, amounting, amounts 近义词：n. magnitude, assets, abstraction, quantityv. be, become, turn解析：
30、quantity: 书面用词，指事物的总量和总数量，侧重大批计量，含准确测量的意味。amount: 普通用词，与quantity近义，但强调整体，指把所有数量、重量及度量归并在一起得出的总数。number: 普通用词，指人或物的数目，强调数的概念。sum: 普通用词，指简单加算的结果。词组 | 习惯用语large amount 大量；巨额；大批a large amount of 大量的（接不可数名词）small amount 小额；小批量total amount 总数；总价；总计a certain amount of 一定数量的amount of information 信息量to the a
31、mount of 总数达；总计right amount 适量a great amount of 大量的；许多的；大部分的amount of work 工作量an amount of 数量；总量in the amount of 总金额计；金额为any amount 任何数量的significant amount 大量；有实义金额；巨数full amount 全额；总数，总共的量no amount of 即使再大(或再多)的(也不)maximum amount 最高额amount of investment 投资额；出资额trace amount 痕量；微量any amount of adj. 任
32、何数量的14： developvt. 开发；使成长；进步；使显影vi. 发育；生长；显露；进化时 态: developed, developing, develops 形容词: developable近义词：v. create, create by mental act, create mentally, change, become, better, improve解析：mature: 指生物自然发育成熟或丰满或使其能起正常作用，还可指人获得智慧、经验或变得世故。ripen: 侧重已到长生成熟的顶点。age: 一般指使人过早成熟，强调已走向衰老。develop: 侧重使某一种类或个体潜在本能
33、进化完全，词义比mature广泛。词组 | 习惯用语(begin to) develop 开展；（开始）成长develop into 发展成为develop from 成长于；从发展出来develop simultaneously 并举develop ability 发挥才能develop new product 开发新产品strive to develop 努力发展；大力发展torch program（a plan to develop new and high technology） 火炬计划（开发高新科技的一项计划）develop a habit 养成习惯develop confidence in sb 对某人产生信任15：expose使曝光；揭露，揭发；显示词组习惯用语exposing n. 遗弃；露体；陈列; v. 揭露；展览；遭遇（expose的ing形式）;less exposed 损失可能性小exposed face 外露面；暴露面；浮露面exposed concrete 露石混凝土exposed anchorage 未掩护的锚地；开敞锚地exposed residue 暴露残基exposed deposit 浮露矿床；出露矿床exposed to 接触；暴露于exposed film 曝露的膜be exposed 被揭露，东窗事发
