1、Unit 1 Topic1 1 Our country has developed rapidly.一词组。take place发生，进行keep in touch with跟保持联系get in touch with与取得联系reform and opening-up改革开放make progress取得进展succeed in doing sth.成功地做某事take photos照相learnfrom向学习put on举办，上演，展出more than超过，多于see sth. oneself亲眼目睹某物have the chance to do sth.有机会做某事far away遥远
2、的play a/anpart起作用，有影响in ones spare time在某人空闲时间be happy/glad/pleased to do sth.高兴做某事have a good summer holiday过一个快乐的暑假a group of old people一群老人be crowded into sp.挤在一个地方receive a good education接受好的教育not only but also不仅而且satisfy peoples needs满足人们的需求enjoy good medical care享受好的医疗照顾remember the past记住过去li
3、ve in the present立足现在dream about the future展望未来make a tour abroad出国旅游used to do sth.过去常做某事be/get used to doingsth.习惯做某事have no time to do sth.没有时间做某事in the 1960s在二十世纪六十年代in a short time在短时间内二句子1. Where have you been? 你已经去过哪了？I have been to Mount Huang with my parents.我和我的父母去了黄山。2. Its a beautiful pl
4、ace. But there were so many people that I could not find a good place to take photos.它是一个美丽的地方。但是那儿的人是如此之多，以至于我都找不到地方拍照了。3. There goes the bell.=Thats the bell=The bell is ringing.铃响了。4. China has developed rapidly since the reform and opening-up. 中国自从改革开放以来已经迅速发展了。5. I think it is important to reme
5、mber the past，live in the present and dream about thefuture.我认为记住过去，立足现在，展望未来是很重要的。6. People kept in touch with their friends and relatives far away mainly by letter or telegram.人们主要通过写信和电话来和他们的朋友、远方的亲人保持联系。7. I have not seen you for a long time . 我好久不见你了。三语法1. as well, too, also 均表“也；又”； as well 多用
6、于口语，只用于句末，不用逗号隔开；too 多用于口语，用于句末，要用逗号隔开；also 较正式，不用于句末；either 用于否定句，表“也不”，与 too 对应。2. 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。现在完成时用法：表示过去发生的动作或事情，对现在造成的影响。：表示从过去开始发生的动作持续到现在，有可能马上结束，但也有可能继续下去。这种情况下动词必须具有可持续性，至少是能重复一次以上的动作。3. 基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）肯定句：主语+have/has
7、+动词的过去分词(p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）.否定句：主语+have not/has not+动词的过去分词（p.p）（V-ed）+宾语.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p)（V-ed）+宾语（或者其他）?特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他） 现在完成时句型：现在完成时不能单独与准确时间状语连用，（如表示过去的时间状语）如 yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon）等，除非与 for, since 连用.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用如 alr
8、eady（肯定，句中），yet（否定，疑问，句末），just, before, recently, still, lately, never,ever 等例如：We have seen that film before.我们以前已经看过那部电影了。.现在完成时的完成用法指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束。例如：He has turned the light off .他已把灯关了。现在完成时完成用法的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already，yet，before，recently 等）、频度时间状语（如：never，ever 等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间
9、状语（如：this morning / month /year.，today 等）连用。例如：Have you found your pen ？你已经找到你的钢笔了吗 ？现在完成时的未完成用法指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从 1978 年以来，他一直住在这儿。（动作起始于1978 年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。）has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别。has gone to：表示某人已去了某地，而没有回来（去了没回）。has been
10、 to ：表示去过某地（去过已回来）。has been in：表示一直呆在某地， 常与时间段搭配（呆了很久）。Unit 1 Topic2 The population in developing countries is growing faster.一. 重点词组归纳be in/ at home在家not any more=no more不再get/be lost=lose ones way迷路call sb. up给某人打电话shopping center购物中心central park中央公园department store百货商店talk on the phone=talk by ph
11、one通过电话交谈have been living here=have lived here住在这儿a report on population in the newspaper报纸上一份关于人口的报告increase by增加了increase to增加到population problems人口问题carry out执行the one-child policy计划生育政策control the population控 制 人 口 developing countries= less developed countries发展中国家developed countries发达国家because
12、 of由于less living space更少的生存空间at the same time与此同时supply sth. to sb.=supply sb. with sth. 提供某物给某人provide sth. for sb.= provide sb. for sth. 提供某物给某人offer sb. sth.=offer sth. to sb.提供某物给某人satisfy peoples daily needs满足人们的日常需求natural environment自然环境take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事be known as.作为出名work well
13、 in doing sth.在做某事方面起到好的效果thanks to多亏了living conditions居住条件deal with处理offer job opportunities提供就业机会be surrounded by.被围绕discourage (from) cutting trees阻止砍树many places of interest许多名胜古迹pubic transportation公共交通运输extended family数代同堂的大家庭nuclear family核心家庭二. 重点句型（熟背）-Have you found him yet?你已经找到他了吗？-No, h
14、e has probably gone home. 没有，他可能已经回家了。-I really hate going to a place like that.我真的讨厌去像那样的地方。-So do I.我也是。It says the world has a population of 6.8billion.报道上说世界上有 68 亿人口。-Whats the population of the USA? 美国的人口是多少？- (Its)309million.It shows that the population in developing countries is larger than
15、that in developed countries, doesntit?报道上显示发展中国家的人口比发达国家的人口多，是吗？-Whats more, the population in developing countries is growing faster.而且,发展中国家的人口增加的更快。-So it is. 确实是。Luckily, China has already carried out the one-child policy to control the population.幸运的是，中国已经施行了计划生育政策来控制人口。China has the largest po
16、pulation in the world, and about one fifth of the people in the world live in China.中国有世界上最多的人口，大约全球五分之一的人生活在中国。Because of the large population, there is less living space for each family.由于大量的人口，每个家庭的生存空间变少。So far, our government has taken many measures to control the population. One is known as th
17、e one-child policy. It has worked well in controlling Chinas population.到目前为止，我们政府已经采取措施来控制人口，计划生育作为其中一项被我们熟知。Thanks to the policy, China is developing quickly and peoples living conditions are improving rapidly.多亏了这个政策，中国正快速的发展并且人们的生活水平在迅速改善。I live in a small mountain town called Fairmont. 我住在一个叫菲尔
18、莫的小山镇。They are careful with garbage and discourage cutting trees.他们谨慎的处理垃圾并阻止砍树。三. 语法复习： 现在完成时的用法1. 构成: 现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词 have(has)表明事情发生于现在。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词在句子中做谓语，说明句子的含义。2. 用法: (1）动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在有某种影响和结果。常被 just、already、ever、never、yet 等副词修饰。如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes,
19、 I have. Ive just had it.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有 for 和 since 等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981.他自 1981 年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）I havent seen her for four years.我有四年没见到她了。以 study 为例，其否定式、疑问式和简单回答形式如下：否定式疑问式I have not (havent) studied.Have I studie
20、d?You have not (havent) studied.Have you studied?He has not (hasnt) studied.Has he studied?否定疑问式简单回答（肯定/否定）Have I not (Havent I) studied?Yes, you have. No, you havent.Have you not (Havent you) studied?Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he not (Hasnt he) studied?Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.注意：have (has) bee
21、n 和 have (has) gone 的区别：表示“曾到过某地”要用 “have (has) been”;表示“已经去某地”要用 “have (has) gone”。试比较：Where has he been?他刚才到哪里去了 ？（已经回来了）Where has he gone?他上哪儿去了 ？（人不在）They have been to Canada. 他们到过加拿大。（现在已经不在加拿大）They have gone to Canada. 他们到加拿大去了。（可能在路上和已经到加拿大）. 区别：have been to, have gone to, have been inhave be
22、en to,表示去过某个地方，不过现在已经回来了 have gone to 表示去了，但还没有回来，也许是在去的途中have been in 指的是在某个地方，从过去一直延续到现在例如：你以前去过北京么 ？ 例如：A: Is Mr.Wang at home?B: No,he is not in, （他去香港了）现在完成时的时间状语（1） 现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用(ever, never, just
23、, already, yet)。a. 用副词 already 和 yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They havent finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b. 用 ever 和 never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。如：-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从
24、未去过长城。c. 用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如 just,before,up to now,the past fewyears 等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where. 我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there three times the last few days.近几年他去过那里三次了。等。d. 用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now,today,this morning(month,year,term)例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I hav
25、ent.今天你见过他吗 ？我 没有。How many times have you been there this year?今年你去过那里多少次？现在完成时可以和带有since 或for 等表示“一段时间”的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。(详见 U1T3 讲解）二、数字的拼读：分数、小数和百分比的读法A. 分数分数中分子用基数词表示，分母用序数词表示。先读分子，后读分母。当分子大于 1 时， 分母要加“s”。例如1/2 读作：aone half(口语中更倾向于用“a”代替“one”)1/3 读作：aone third1/8 读作：anone eighth1/4 读作
26、：aone quarter(fourth)2/3 读作：two thirds一又九分之五 读作 one and five ninthsB. 含小数点的数字小数点“”读“point”，小数点后的数若是两位以上，则分别读出。0.4 =( zero) point four.01 = point zero one 0.125=(zero)point one two five12.34 = twelve point three four567.809 = five hundred and sixty-seven point eight zero nine实际应用例子，如：93.64m 读作：ninety
27、-three point six four meters（93 点 64 米）215.11读作：two minutes fifteen point one one seconds（2 分 15 点 11 秒）C. 百分比读百分比只需在相应的数字后加“percent。如：25读作 twenty-five percent11.3 读作 eleven point three percent三、so do I 和 so I do 用法和区别So do I 的用法：该结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“也一样”。前后句的主语指的不是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词 do 根据前文
28、的情况也可换成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。如： He passed the exam,and so did I. =He passed the exam, and I passed the exam, too. =Both he and I passed the exam. =He and I both passed the exam. 他通过了考试，我也通过了考试。/ 他和我都通过了考试。 又如： They went to the zoo yesterday. So did we. 他们昨天去了动物园，我们也去了。 但是如
29、果前面所述情况为否定式，则用 neither, nor 引出倒装句(此时不能用 so)。如：He couldnt do it, and neither could she. 他做不了这事，她也做不了。He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到，我也从不迟到。So I do 的用法：该结构主要用于加强语气，其意为“的确如此、确实如此”，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，只是进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。前后句的主语指的是同一个人或物。该结构中的助动词 do 根据前文的情况也可换成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could
30、 等。如：He has done a good job. 他干得不错。 So he has. 他的确干得不错。Unit 1 Topic3 The world has changed for the better.一. 词组：talk on the phone在电话中交谈get used to习惯于（后加名词或动词的 ing 形式）used to过去常常（后加动词原形）as a matter of fact事实上 （= in fact）a place to live一个可供居住的地方go to plays去看戏剧come for a visit来参观stand for代表return to wo
31、rk返回工作岗位live a normal life过上正常的生活people in need身处困境的人们decide on sth.决定某事offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.给某人提供某物medical treatment医疗救助provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb.给某人提供某物the homeless people无家可归的人们get in trouble陷入麻烦pick up sb.搭载某人be in a helpful mood处于乐于助人的氛围中help sb. out帮助某人摆脱困境on pur
32、pose有意地，故意地think of as 把。视为。，看成是。raise money筹钱aid sb. to do sth.帮助某人做某事make contributions to为。做出贡献encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事as a result结果二. 句型：The city has improved a lot since I came here a few years ago. 短暂性动词 延续性动词comebe inleavebe away fromget to knowknowdiebe deadbuyhavebeginbe onmarrybe ma
33、rriedcatch a coldhave a coldclosebe closedopenbe open joinbe a member of/ be in fall ill be ill borrow keep自从我几年前来到这里，这座城市已经改进了很多。（since 引导的从句中用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。）Once they find people in need, they decide on suitable ways to offer them help.一旦他们发现有身处困境的人，他们就会选定适当的方法来帮助他们。The world has changed for the
34、better. 这个世界已经变得更好了。No one is ever homeless on purpose. 没有人是故意无家可归的。Whatever the cause of homelessness is, the effects are the same.不管无家可归的理由是什么，影响是一样的。（whatever 引导状语从句，在这里相当于no matter what。）Without Project Hope, there is a risk that many children would have an unhappy future.如果没有希望工程，就会有一种危机：许多孩子将没
35、有一个幸福的未来。三. 语法：You have been in New York for a long time.语法解释：当句子中出现 for，since 引导的时间状语，或者句首用 how long 提问时， 句子应该用延续性动词。四. 练习：1. He has joined the Party two years ago. = He _ the Party for two years.2. I bought the book five days ago. = Ithe book for five days.3. He has been away from Beijing for two
36、years. = He _ Beijing two years ago.4. They came to our school in 1980. = Theyour school since1980.5. The man died five days ago. = The manfor five days.6. The meeting began two minutes ago. = The meeting minutes._ for two7. We borrowed two books last week. = Wetwo books for a week.8. When did the train arrive here? = How long _ the trainhere?
