1、练习39语法填空阅读理解.语法填空2022河北邢台联考说明文234词Chinahasuncoveredanewhighspeedbullettrain1._ (design) forextremelycoldclimates.TheCR400AFGtraincanoperateatspeedsofupto350kilometersperhour (217mph) intemperaturesaslowas40.ItispartoftheFuxingseriesofhighspeedelectrictrainsdeveloped2._operatedbythestateownedChinaSta
2、teRailwayGroupCompany, Ltd.Thetrain, rolledoutinBeijingonJanuary6, willrunonanewhighspeedline3._ (connect) thecapitalwithnortheasterndestinationsincludingShenyangandHarbinthelatterofwhichisfamousfor4._ (it) annualsnowandicefestival.Thetrainalso5._ (feature) astreamlinedlowresistancedesigntohelpdecre
3、aseenergyconsumption, andalightweightbody.Inareport6._thestateownednewspaperChinaDaily, ZhouSong, directoroftheChinaRailwayBeijingGroupsbullettraincenterinChaoyangdistrict, offeredananalogy (类比) toexplainthenewtrainsbrakingsystem, “If the train stops in Harbin, one of Chinas 7._ (cold) cities, for a
4、n hour, because of the extremely cold weather, the braking system can 8._ (easy) freeze if it stops moving for a while. The new system will enable the brakes to move from time to time even if the train stops, like a person who stamps his feet 9._ (keep) warm in cold weather.”Today, Chinaishometothew
5、orldslargesthighspeedrailnetwork, 10._spreadsover37，000kilometers.阅读理解A2021全国乙卷说明文325词Duringaninterviewforoneofmybooks, myinterviewersaidsomethingIstillthinkaboutoften.Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction (干扰) inhisopenoffice, hesaid, “ThatswhyIhaveamembershipatthecoworkingspaceacrossthestreetsoIcanfocus.
6、”Hiscommentstruckmeasstrange.Afterall, coworkingspacesalsotypicallyuseanopenofficelayout (布局).ButIrecentlycameacrossastudythatshowswhyhisapproachworks.Theresearchersexaminedvariouslevelsofnoiseonparticipantsastheycompletedtestsofcreativethinking.Theywererandomlydividedintofourgroupsandexposedtovario
7、usnoiselevelsinthebackground, fromtotalsilenceto50decibels (分贝), 70decibels, and85decibels.Thedifferencesbetweenmostofthegroupswerestatisticallyinsignificant; however，theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroupthoseexposedtoalevelofnoisesimilartobackgroundchatterinacoffeeshopsignificantlyoutperformedtheothe
8、rgroups.Sincetheeffectsweresmall, thismaysuggestthatourcreativethinkingdoesnotdifferthatmuchinresponsetototalsilenceand85decibelsofbackgroundnoise.Butsincetheresultsat70decibelsweresignificant, thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlevelofbackgroundnoisenottooloudandnottotalsilencemayactuallyimproveonescr
9、eativethinkingability.Therightlevelofbackgroundnoisemayinterruptournormalpatternsofthinkingjustenoughtoallowourimaginationstowander, withoutmakingitimpossibletofocus.Thiskindof“distracted focus”appearstobethebeststateforworkingoncreativetasks.Sowhydosomanyofushateouropenoffices? Theproblemmaybethat,
10、 inouroffices, wecantstopourselvesfromgettingdrawnintoothersconversationswhileweretryingtofocus.Indeed, theresearchersfoundthatfacetofaceinteractionsandconversationsaffectthecreativeprocess, andyetacoworkingspaceoracoffeeshopprovidesacertainlevelofnoisewhilealsoprovidingfreedomfrominterruptions.1Why
11、doestheinterviewerpreferacoworkingspace?AIthelpshimconcentrate.BItblocksoutbackgroundnoise.CIthasapleasantatmosphere.DItencouragesfacetofaceinteractions.2Whichlevelofbackgroundnoisemaypromotecreativethinkingability? ATotalsilence.B50decibels.C70decibels.D85decibels.3Whatmakesanopenofficeunwelcometom
12、anypeople?APersonalprivacyunprotected.BLimitedworkingspace.CRestrictionsongroupdiscussion.DConstantinterruptions.4Whatcanweinferabouttheauthorfromthetext?AHesanewsreporter.BHesanofficemanager.CHesaprofessionaldesigner.DHesapublishedwriter.B2022湖北七校联考议论文325词Standinginmyoffice25yearsagowasanunknown, n
13、ewlyrisingastronomerwithahalfsmileonherface.Shehadcomewithademandthatmyteamchangeourtestedsoftwaretomakeoneofourmostimportantandindemandscientificinstrumentsdosomethingithadneverbeendesignedfor, andriskbreakingitdown.Alltocarryoutanexperimentthatwasbasicallyawasteoftimeandcouldntbedonetoprovethatama
14、ssiveblackholehidatthecenterofourMilkyWay.Myinitial“no way”graduallygavewayinthefaceofhercheerfulbutfirmdetermination.Itwasmyfirstencounterwithaforceofnature, AndreaGhez, oneofthreewinnersoftheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin2020.ThatdeterminationandthewillingnesstotakecalculatedriskshasalwayscharacterizedAnd
15、rea.For25yearsshehasfocusedalmostonlyonSagittariusAthenameofourownlocalsupermassiveblackhole.AndAndreaisoneofthegreatpioneersinthissearchwithoutquestion.AndreadidherworkattheWM.KeckObservatorystwintelescopesonMaunakea, Hawaii.ShestartedusingtheveryfirstinstrumentlicensedonKeckObservatorysNearInfrare
16、dCamera (NIRC).NIRCwasneverdesignedtodowhatAndreaneededbutshewasnottobedenied.Anditworked! Itwasextremelyhardandtimeconsumingtomakesenseofthedata, butAndreapersisted.AsAndreawouldbetheveryfirsttoacknowledge, thisvictoryrepresentsthecombinedeffortsofsomany.Butactuallyonepersonhadtheideafortheresearch
17、.Onepersonhadthechutzpah (无所顾忌) toproposeitandonepersonhadthedeterminationandfocustomakeithappen, notdiscouragedbyallwhosaiditwasawasteoftime.ThatpersonisAndreaGhez, winnerofthe2020NobelPrizeforPhysics.5WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAndreaGhezsrequestatfirst?AItsdemanding.BItsinteresting.CItsacceptable.DIt
18、smeaningless.6WhatdowelearnaboutAndreaGhezsresearchfromParagraph2?AIttakesdecadesofefforts.BItdealswithpowerofnature.CItsapurelyindividualproject.DItsaboutmeasurementofahole.7WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAndreaGhezsworkinHawaii?ADangerous.BPleasant.CChallenging.DFruitless.8WhatdowelearnfromAndrea
19、Ghezssuccess?AItisrewardingtocooperate.BTheoldmethodsstillworktoday.CItpaystoputtheoryintopractice.DPersistenceleadstosuccess.答题策略语法填空名词名词题的解题步骤例题Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires, Asiasbiggestbuilding, andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme, pandasareitstop_ (attract)步骤根据空白处所填词在句中的成分或作定语的限定词判断是否该填名
20、词(多考查名词在句中作主语、宾语、表语，名词还可以作同位语、宾语补足语和状语)结合句意确定选择何种名词形式确定名词的数答案attraction所填词在句中作表语，并且有物主代词its修饰，故应用其名词形式。结合句意，应填attraction练习39语法填空阅读理解.语法填空【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国设计的一款专门抵御极端寒冷气候的新型动车组列车，并介绍了这种列车的特点和优势。1答案与解析：designed考查非谓语动词。句意为：中国推出了一款专门抵御极端寒冷气候的新型动车组列车。此处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，由于train和design之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分
21、词。故填designed。2答案与解析：and考查连词。句意为：它是由中国国家铁路集团有限公司开发和运营的复兴号系列电力动车组的一部分。根据句子结构可知，非谓语动词developed和operated并列作后置定语修饰trains，故填and。3答案与解析：connecting考查非谓语动词。句意为：该列车于1月6日在北京推出，将在一条新高速铁轨上运行，该铁轨连接首都和东北部的各个目的地，包括沈阳和哈尔滨后者以每年的冰雪节而闻名。句子的主干是“Thetrainwillrunonanewhighspeedline，设空处应用非谓语动词形式作后置定语，由于line和connect之间是逻辑上的主动
22、关系，故应用现在分词。故填connecting。4答案与解析：its考查代词。句意见上一题解析。此处应用形容词性物主代词作定语，故填its。5答案与解析：features考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意为：该列车的特点还有流线型的低阻力设计，用以降低能耗，以及轻巧的车身。分析句子结构可知，设空处是谓语，此处介绍客观情况，应用一般现在时，且主语Thetrain是单数，故填features。6答案与解析：by/from考查介词。句意为：在国有报纸中国日报的一篇报道中，中国铁路北京局集团有限公司北京动车段朝阳动车运用所所长周松用一个类比来解释这种新型列车的制动系统由句意可知，报道是刊登在中国日报上的，
23、此处可以使用介词by，意为“由所做”，或介词from，意为“来自”。故填by/from。7答案与解析：coldest考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：如果该列车在中国最寒冷的城市之一哈尔滨停上一个小时根据句子结构和句意可知，此处应用形容词的最高级形式，故填coldest。8答案与解析：easily考查词性转换。句意为：由于天气极其寒冷，列车如果停止移动一段时间，制动系统很容易冻结。此处应用副词作状语，修饰谓语canfreeze。故填easily。9答案与解析：tokeep考查非谓语动词。句意为：即使列车停下来，新系统也能使制动器时不时地移动，就像一个人在寒冷的天气里跺脚保暖一样。此处应用不定式作目
24、的状语，故填tokeep。10答案与解析：which考查定语从句。句意为：今天，中国拥有世界上最大的高铁网络，全长超过3.7万千米。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为railnetwork，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，故填which。.阅读理解A【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了作者对人们放弃使用自己的开放办公室，而选择在共享办公区域办公的思考。1答案与解析：A考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第一段中的“Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction (干扰) inhisopenoffice”“Thats why I have a membership.I can focus”可
25、知，采访者喜欢共享办公区域的原因是在共享办公区域他更能集中精力。2答案与解析：C考查理解具体信息的能力。根据第二段中的“the participants in the 70 decibels group.significantly outperformed the other groups”和第三段中的“the study also suggests that the right level of background noise.ones creative thinking ability”可知，在70分贝的噪声背景环境下，人们的创造性思维可能会得到更好的发挥。3答案与解析：D考查理解具体信
26、息的能力。根据第四段中的“The problem may be that, in our offices.while were trying to focus”以及“a coworking space or a coffee shop provides.from interruptions”可知，在开放办公室办公，人们易受打扰。4答案与解析：D考查推断的能力。根据第一段首句“During an interview for one of my books, my interviewer said something I still think about often”可以推测出作者的身份是一位出
27、版作家。B5答案与解析：D根据第一段最后两句可推知，作者一开始认为AndreaGhez的要求是毫无意义的，是浪费时间的。6答案与解析：A根据第二段中“For25yearsshehasfocusedalmostonlyonSagittariusAthenameofourownlocalsupermassiveblackhole.”可知，AndreaGhez的研究花费了几十年的努力。7答案与解析：C根据第三段中“Itwasextremelyhardandtimeconsumingtomakesenseofthedata.”可知，AndreaGhez的研究工作是非常有挑战性的。8答案与解析：D通读全文可知，Andrea的成功在于她的坚持，坚持自己的想法，专注于实现自己的目标，而不受别人看法的影响。
