1、第4讲定语从句考点一关系代词关系代词先行词句法功能who人主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whom人宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)whose(of whom/of which)人或物定语that人或物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)which物主语、宾语(限制性定语从句中可省略)as人或物主语、宾语1.关系代词that与which的用法(1)限制性定语从句中只用that不用which的情况：先行词是不定代词或者先行词被不定代词所修饰时，关系代词通常只用that。Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself?你有什么要为自己
2、说的吗？先行词被序数词，形容词最高级，the only，the very，the last等修饰时，关系代词通常只用that，不用which。This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.这是我见过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。This is the only thing that we can do now.这是我们现在唯一能做的事情。先行词既有人又有物时，关系代词只用that，不用which。The scientist and his achievements that you told me ab
3、out are admired by us all.我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。定语从句出现在which或who的特殊疑问句中时用that。Which is the bike that you lost?哪辆是你丢的自行车？有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词宜用which，另外一个宜用that。They secretly built up a small factory，which produced things that could cause pollution.他们偷偷地建了一家小工厂，这家工厂生产可能会造成污染的东西。当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词在从句中
4、作表语时。Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。(2)只用which不用that的情况：引导非限制性定语从句。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.海伦对她最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这当然让其他的儿子很嫉妒她的小儿子。关系代词充当介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前。This is the house in which Lu Xun on
5、ce lived.这是鲁迅曾住过的房子。引导的定语从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体或部分概念。The result was not the same as they had expected，which was rather disappointing.结果与当初预料的不一样，这让人觉得很失望。2which与as引导非限制性定语从句的区别whichas位置上只能放在主句的后面位置灵活，可放在主句前也可放在主句后，有时还可插入主句中搭配上无动词的限制谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember等意思上意为“这一点”意为“正如，正
6、像的那样”She married again，which was unexpected.她再婚了，这是始料不及的。She married again，as we expected. 正如我们预料的那样，她再婚了。as引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式：such名词as(像一样的，像之类的)；such(pron.)as(像一样的，像之类的)；the same名词as(和同样的)。We have found such materials as are used in their factory.我们已经找到了像他们工厂里用的那种材料。I have the same book as he has.我和
7、他有同样的书。对点演练单句语法填空1(2020长春模拟)Well reach the sales targets in a month which/that we set at the beginning of the year.2(2020广东七校联合体，第二次联考)This woman has set a good example to her son，who is a really lucky guy.3With all this free time，why not put it to good use and do something that doesnt involve techn
8、ology?4As is expected，the aim of all teams is to participate in a fair and clean competition.5(2020南昌模拟)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme，one of whose purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.考点二关系副词1when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。I still remember the day when I first came to the school.我仍然记得我第
9、一次到这个学校的那一天。2where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.我十年前住的房子已经被拆毁了。3why指原因，在定语从句中作原因状语。Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.请告诉我你误机的原因。(1)如果定语从句修饰point, situation，part，stage，condition和case 等表示抽象意义的词，定语从句常用where引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况下”(前提是从句中缺少状语)。(
10、2)当way表示方法、方式作先行词，且后面的定语从句缺方式状语时可以用that或in which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。如果后面定语从句中缺少宾语，要用that或which引导定语从句，也可以省略关系词。What surprised me was not what he said but the way in which(that/不填 )he said it.对点演练单句语法填空1(2020厦门模拟)Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life when they arent content with the
11、ir parents.2(2020辽宁沈阳模拟)Now the selftaught English learner has been admitted to one of Chinas top foreign language universities，Sichuan International Studies University，where he used to deliver food to students.3(2020东北三省四市模拟)Sometimes，the reason why someone gets cancer is simply an unfortunate myst
12、ery.4(2020石家庄模拟)Of course，there are times when we need to travel long distances.5(2020衡水模拟) You gain strength and confidence by every experience where you really stop to look fear in the face.考点三“介词关系词”引导的定语从句1“介词关系代词”引导定语从句时，关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人)，即：介词which/whom。不能用that和who。This is the teacher f
13、rom whom weve learned a lot.这就是我们从他那里学到了很多知识的那位老师。2有时介词也可放在从句的动词后面，这时关系代词可用which/that(指物)，who/whom/that(指人)，也可以省略。The situation(which/that)we had got into was very dangerous.我们当时的处境很危险。The man(whom/who/that)you were talking to just now is my English teacher.你刚刚和他谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。3当定语从句中的谓语动词短语是固定搭配，不可分
14、割时，动词短语中的介词不能前置。This is the pen which Im looking for.这是我正在找的那支钢笔。4定语从句也可由“名词/代词/数词介词which/whom”引出。That old man has two sons，one of whom is a doctor.那个老人有两个儿子，其中一个是医生。对点演练单句语法填空1(2020河南新乡模拟) The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people，many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the c
15、ity.2(2020衡阳模拟)Last year，I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.3Whats worse，it drove us crazy to look at all the salty water around，none of which was safe to drink.4Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk，but after some minutes they walked away and sat ne
16、ar me，looking annoyed.5(2019广东潮州模拟)There is a big window in my room，from where I can see the railway station.定语从句在语法填空中的命题点1关系代词的用法(2019全国卷) They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.(2018天津卷，改编)Kate，whose sister I shared a room with when we were
17、at college，has gone to work in Australia.2关系副词的用法(2018北京卷，改编)The reason why someone is triggered (触发)by something and others are not is often due to ones personal history and psychological traits(特征)3考查“介词关系代词”的用法(安徽卷改编)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education
18、depends.单句语法填空1Its one of the few countries _ people drive on the left.答案：where2The teacher，in front of _ house lies a big lake，is very patient with his children.答案：whose3This university only has a few dozen lecturers, all of _ have graduated from foreign postgraduate courses.答案：whom4This is the lon
19、gest train _ I have ever seen.答案：that5Life is like a long race _ we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.答案：where6Toms best memory is of last year，_ the club gave a dancing party for his birthday.答案：when7With the development of agriculture, the people in _ village I taught ten years ago have b
20、een living a happy life.答案：whose8Such people _ were mentioned in his book do not really exist.答案：as9In our class there are 46 students，half of_ wear glasses.答案：whom10Ted came for the weekend wearing only a pair of shorts and a Tshirt，_ was a stupid thing to do in such weather.答案：which11(2020厦门模拟)The
21、 main street is lined with small stands and shops _ sell almost anything you can imagine.解析：句意：主街道两旁的小货摊和商店鳞次栉比，它们出售你能想象到的几乎任何东西。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为small stands and shops，指物，且在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。答案：which/that12(2019湖北武汉高三调考)At noon，we play Room Escape，an interesting game what challenged
22、our IQ and teamwork.解析：句意： 我问他他的父亲做了什么，使他成为一个如此好的人。设空处引导宾语从句，作asked的宾语，从句中缺少had done的宾语，指“什么”，因此用what引导该从句。答案：what13(2020烟台模拟)He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.解析：此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是childrens books，定语从句中of缺少宾语，故填which。句意：他写了许多儿童书籍，差不多一半左右是在20世纪90年代出版的。答案：which14A company _ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.解析：句意：国内市场利润正在下滑的公司可以到国外寻找机会。此处关系代词whose作定语。答案：whose15The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work where a good impression is a must.
