1、2011高考英语一轮教学案大纲版Unit 20理解:要点诠释单词1.intend讲: v. 意欲;打算;原本是要;原意要例:He intends to study abroad next year.他打算明年到国外留学。He intends his son to manage the company.他打算让儿子经营公司。This book was intended for you,but he took it away.这本书是要给你的,但让他拿走了。This was intended to be a picture of a cat.这幅画原本是要画猫的。链接提示 (1)intend to
2、 do打算/意欲干某事 (2)intend sb. to do打算让某人干某事 (3)intend that.(should)建议/主张 (4)(be)intended for/as sth./to be/to do为计划(打算或设计)的练:(1)The international agreement, _ encourage children not to smoke and help people kick the habit,was signed on February 27.A.intending to B.being intended toC.intended to D.to int
3、end to提示:be intended to do为打算或设计的。答案:C(2)My father _ my brother for driving but he wanted to pick _ the knowledge of the computer during his spare time.A.advised;up B.persuaded;outC.intended;up D.managed;out提示:短语intend sb.for sth.意为“打算让某人做某事”。答案:C2.suffer讲: v. 受苦;患病;遭受;忍受例:His health suffered terrib
4、ly from heavy drinking.他的健康因豪饮而严重受损。The village is suffering from depopulation.那个村庄正为人口减少而苦恼。He is suffering from a bad cold.链接提示 (1)suffer from因而遭罪;患病 (2)suffering n. 痛苦;苦难练:(1)On the way to the west they were accustomed to _ their animals _ from heat,thirst,and starvation.A.seeing;to suffer B.see;
5、to sufferC.seeing;suffering D.saw;suffered提示:accustomed to sth./doing sth.的意思是“习惯于”,因而第一空用动名词,排除B、D两项;依据see sb./sth. do/doing结构排除A 项。答案:C(2)(2010河南郑州预测) _ such a heavy loss,the businessman didnt have the courage to go on.A.Having suffered B.SufferingC.To suffer D.Suffered提示:句意为:由于遭受巨大损失,这个商人没有勇气再干下去
6、了。“遭受损失”在前,因而用现在分词的完成式作状语。答案:A3.operate讲: v. 运转;操作;起作用;经营;管理;动手术例:This sewing machine doesnt operate properly.这台缝纫机无法正常运作。The company operates ten factories.那家公司经营10个工厂。The surgeon decided to operate on her.医生决定给她动手术。链接提示 (1)operate在表示“操作;管理;经营”时,为及物动词,同义词有run,manage等;表示“动手术”时为不及物动词,跟宾语时需使用介词on,被动语态
7、中介词on不可省略。 (2)operation手术;操作 (3)operator 操作员;接线员练:The doctor said that the patient had _ at once.A.to operate B.to be operatedC.operated D.to be operated on提示:operate作“动手术”讲时,是不及物动词,表示“给某人动手术”用短语operate on sb.,在被动语态中,介词on应该保留。答案:D短语1.make fun of讲:该短语的义项有“嘲弄;取笑;拿开玩笑”。例:Please dont make fun of me when
8、 I am not feeling well.我心情不好时请不要跟我开玩笑。The actors make us laugh by making fun of somebodys way of dressing or telling an amusing story.表演者通过取笑别人的穿着方式或讲述有趣的故事来引我们发笑。链接拓展 make构成的短语 (1)make a/ones living 谋生 (2)make a success/go of 使成功 (3)make the bed 铺床 (4)make believe 假装 (5)make ends meet 使收支相抵;应付开支;维持
9、生活 (6)make up ones mind决心;决定;肯定 (7)make sure(of sth./that.)确保;设法保证;查明;核实 (8)make up编写;捏造;构成;占;化妆;上装;补上(功课);赶上 (9)make use of使用;利用 (10)make money赚钱;获利 (11)make ones way to/out of 向走去;/从走出来 (12)make a/no/some,etc.difference(to/in.)有(或没有、有些等)作用,关系,影响练:(1)I feel silly in these clothes.Everyone will _ me
10、.A.worry about B.make fun ofC.get rid of D.take interest in提示:make fun of意为“嘲弄,取笑”,句意为:我穿着这些衣服滑稽可笑,我担心别人会笑话我。答案:B(2)I want to know whether we shall go rafting today or tomorrow.Does that make any _?A.change B.importanceC.difference D.value提示:make some difference意为“有区别”,句意为“我想知道我们是今天去漂流还是明天去。这有什么区别吗?
11、”答案:C2.look on/upon.as讲:该短语的义项有“把看作”。例:I decided to look on the whole matter as a great joke!我决定把整个事件看成一个大笑话。I look on her as a promising pianist.我认为她是一个很有前途的钢琴家。Do you look on him as an authority on the subject?你认为他是这问题的权威吗?链接拓展 (1)look on旁观 (2)look forward to希望;盼望(to为介词) They were looking forward
12、to the summer vacation. 他们正盼望着暑假来临。 (3)look into往里看;调查 The committee is looking into the cause of the accident. 委员会正在调查这次事故的原因。 (4)look over瞭望;越过看;检查 A strange man was looking over the wall. 一个陌生人正在向围墙里面瞭望。 (5)look through浏览;审查 I looked through several magazines in the beauty shop. 我在美容院翻阅了几本杂志。练:We
13、 look on John _ a good monitor,so wed like to vote _ him.A.for;for B.as;for C.for;against D.as;against提示:依据短语look on.as排除A、C两项;vote for sb./sth.的意思是“投票赞成”,vote against的意思是“投票反对”。从上文意思看,应该使用vote for。故选B。答案:B3.date back to讲:该短语的义项有“可追溯到;是时代开始的”。例:This town dates back to Tang Dynasty.这个小镇的历史可以追溯到唐朝。The
14、 hostility between the two nationalities dates back to ancient times.这两个民族之间的敌对状态始于古代。链接拓展 (1)date from=date back to始于 date back to和date from不可用于被动语态。 (2)bring.up to date 使赶上时代;使成为最新之物;给与(某人有关的)最新消息资料(on,about) All the equipment has to be brought up to date. 所有装备必须予以更新。 (3)out of date过时的;旧式的 This en
15、cyclopedia has gone out of date. 这部百科全书已过时了。 (4)up to date迄今;直到现在;最新的;现代的 Our computer is up to date. 我们的电脑是最新式的。 (5)without date没有日期的;美无期限的练:This old temple _ the 12th century.Now it is well protected.A.is dated back to B.is dated fromC.is dated by D.dates back to提示:date back to和date from无被动形式,故选D。
16、答案:D句型no matter+疑问词引导状语从句讲:注意观察下面教材原句:Good communication is so important no matter what your job is.无论你的工作是什么,好的交往是非常重要的。The temperature is controlled with computers,no matter how the weather is outside.不管室外天气如何变化,室内温度由计算机控制。例:No matter what their age,their job,their sex,the results were completely
17、clear:women have more friendships than men.无论年龄,职业,性别,结果非常明确:女人比男人有更多的友谊。Besides,no matter how well a poem is translated,something of the spirit of the original work is lost.另外,无论一首诗翻译地多么好,原文的精髓部分已经丢失了。链接提示 no matter+疑问词引导状语从句时,可以用疑问词+ever结构代替。但要注意疑问词ever还可以引导名词性从句。练:_ difficult it may be,we are sur
18、e to stick to our principle.A.How B.No matter howC.What D.No matter what提示:本题考查引导让步状语从句的引导词,how和what不可引导让步状语,排除A、C两项;由于引导词修饰形容词difficult,故选B。答案:B辨析1.fast,quick,rapid(1)fast多指运动或动作的人或物体本身具有快速的特点。如a fast train。(2)quick一般指迅速的、一瞬间的或短暂的动作,并不强调速度,如a quick look(reply,meal)。(3)催促人走路或做事要快,用quick,不用fast。如Be q
19、uick!(4)指钟表的快要用fast,不用quick。(5)指人的动作“快”要用fast。(6)rapid侧重动作本身,有急促的含义,它所指的动作可能是一个或一连串的。rapid还可用来指水流急速或进步迅速。即时练习:(1)It may be a very _ car,but it uses a lot of petrol.(2)Tom made a _ answer to the question.(3)Youre very_ ,arent you?(4)The clock is five minutes _.(5)The improvement in his English is _.答
20、案:(1)fast (2)quick (3)fast (4)fast (5)rapid2.create,invent,discover,find,find out(1)create主要意思是“创造”,即产生出新的东西,其对象往往是精神上的,如艺术、文学作品中的人物以及新的科学领域等,也可创造出新的具体事物。名词:creation创造;creator创造者。(2)invent主要意思是“发明”,也是产生出前所未有的东西,但其对象往往是物质性的。名词:invention发明;inventor发明者。(3)discover主要意思是“发现”,其对象是一直存在的,但以往未被人们了解的东西,如元素、地域
21、或客观规律等。名词:discovery发现;discoverer发现者。(4)find主要指发现、找到丢失的东西或人。(5)find out查明真相;弄清,同义词为make sure。即时练习:(1)The idea that God _ the world is wrong.(2)Thomas Edison _the first small electric lamp.(3)They never _ how to open the box.(4)I was surprised when I _ you in the bus.(5)Did you _ the book you lost?(6)
22、Please _ who broke into the house last night.答案:(1)created (2)invented (3)discovered (4)found (5)find (6)find out诱思:实例点拨【例1】 (2010浙江模拟) The old tower must be saved, _ the cost.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.wherever提示:考查连词及省略句,补全句子应为 “the cost is”,从结构看选项作表语,而however多用来加强程度,后接形容词或副词。故选B。答案:B【例2】 (2010江西模拟) Cars do cause us some healthy problemsin fact far more serious _ than mobile phones do.A.one B.ones C.it D.those提示:替代上文出现的同类事物中的一个用one,复数用ones;而it与that都表示特指,所以不要误选that的复数those。故选B。答案:B讲评:解考查指示代词it,one和that的题时,要牢记one为泛指同类,而it和that表示特指。