1、英语（选择性必修第三册）Unit 3 Back to the pastGrammar and usage 湖南省醴陵市第一中学 谢丹I. Learning objectivesBy the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. identify predictive clauses;2. complete sentences with proper linking words to form predictive clauses;3. write a short paragraph based on given situations, u
2、sing predictive clauses.II. Key competence focus 1. Choose proper linking words to form predictive clauses.2. Make sentences with predictive clauses.III. Predicted area of difficulty1. Compare some linking words such as that and what, why and because, etc.2. Apply predictive clauses in different sit
3、uations. IV. Teaching proceduresStep 1 Lead-inT asks students to define history by using the sentence pattern “History is”, leading to the topic-Predictive clauses.T: Boys and girls, what do you think is history? Can you give a definition to history? You may say “History is”T shows two sentences on
4、the screen after students give their answers.1) History is a dialogue between the present and the past.2) History is not what you thought. It is what you remember.T asks students to observe the two sentences and analyze their elements and structures.T: Please mark the sentence elements and structure
5、s. As we can see, both of them use SVP. A noun is used as the predictive in the first sentence, while a noun clause is used as the predictive in the second one. We call it a predictive clause.【设计意图：用一个开放式的问题（历史是什么？）激发学生的兴趣，学生可以给出任何不同的定义，然后引导学生观察教师给出的两个句子，引出表语从句的概念。】Step 2 Exploring the rulesT asks s
6、tudents to read an article and find the sentences with predictive clauses.T: Have you heard of Sima Qian? What is he? Yes, he is one of the greatest historians in Chinese history. Here is an essay on Sima Qian. Please read it and find the sentences with predictive clauses.Sample answers:1) Learning
7、and travelling were exactly what helped him in his later career as a historian.2) His fathers dream was that one day he could write a great masterpiece recording what had happened in history.3) His chief concern was whether he could do his job more effectively and efficiently.【设计意图: 通过阅读关于中国著名史学家司马迁
8、的文章，学生从语境中接触句法现象，理解表语从句的特征。】Step 3 Working out the rules1. Predictive clauses introduced by different linking wordsT asks students to go through the three sentences above and deduce the rule: We can use that to introduce a predictive clause when the clause is a statement. We can use whether to intro
9、duce a predictive clause when the clause is a yes-no question. We can use what, why, when, where, etc. to introduce a predictive clause when the clause is a wh-question.T: Complete the following sentences according to the given Chinese and you will have a better understanding of the rule:1) My doubt
10、 is whether we can get there on time(我们能否准时到那里).2) The question is who is responsible for the accident(谁为这个事故负责).3) The problem is how we can raise enough money for the project(我们怎样才能为这个项目筹集到足够的资金).4) That was where we camped last time(我们上次野营的地方).5) Thats not what I wanted(我想要的).6) The truth is that
11、 they are fully prepared for the trip(他们已为旅行做了充分准备).2. Predictive clauses introduced by that and whatT asks students to observe the last two sentence above and tell the difference between that and what: When introducing a predictive clause, what serves as a sentence element while that doesnt. Beside
12、s, what can be replaced with noun+that.T: Complete the following sentences with that or what.1) The city is no longer what it was ten years ago.= The city is no longer the city that it was ten years ago.2) The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.Useful sentence pattern:l What surprised me mos
13、t was that he spoke Spanish so fluently.3. Predictive clauses introduced by because and whyT asks students to complete the following sentences with because or why and tell the differences between them: A predictive clause introduced by because refers to reason while a predictive clause introduced by
14、 why refers to result. 1) He failed the math exam. Thats because he was too careless.2) He was too careless. Thats why he failed the math exam.Useful sentence pattern:l The reason why he was absent from the meeting was that he fell ill suddenly.4. Predictive clauses introduced by as if, as thoughT a
15、sks students to translate the following sentences and learn about predictive clauses introduced by as if, as though.1) It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door. 听上去好像有人在敲门。2) At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word.当时，我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。T: Predictive clauses introdu
16、ced by as if or as though often follow the verbs like seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, etc. However, we should use unreal conditional sentences when we describe something contrary to reality. Here are some examples:3) Look at the dark clouds. It looks as if there is a storm coming. (与事实相符)4)
17、It looks as if she were drunk. (与事实相反，事实是她未醉)5) It appears as if he hadnt met her. (与事实相反，事实是他见过她)5. Learning about special rulesT: When the subject of a sentence is a word like suggestion, advice, order, demand, etc, we often use “should +verb” as the verb of the predictive clause and should can be
18、 omitted. e.g. My advice is that you (should) think it over before you make a decision. 我的建议就是你做出决定之前仔细考虑一下。T asks students to finish the following sentences.l My friend Jenny asks me for advice on how to learn Chinese. My suggestion is that _.l My classmate asks me how to _. My suggestion is that _
19、.【设计意图: 首先利用语篇中的三个句子讲解表语从句的特征，连接词的选用。然后让学生通过观察和思考，区分一些易混淆的连接词，理解并熟记某些特定句型和特殊规则。同时通过一些半结构化、半开放式的语言练习，巩固和运用表语从句的相关知识，为最后写作任务打下基础。】Step 4 Applying the rules1. T asks students to finish B1 on Page 35 of the textbook.Keys: (1) which (2) that (3) that (4) why (5) whether (6) how2. T asks students to finis
20、h B2 on Page 35 of the textbook.Keys: (1) that (2) that (3) how (4) why3. T asks students to write a short paragraph based on given situations of B3 on Page 35 of the textbook, using predictive clauses. Sample answers:1) Tom is so nervous about his history test tomorrow. The problem is that he gets
21、stressed easily whenever he takes a test. One way to stay relaxed is to keep calm and breathe deeply. Tom hopes it will help to solve his problem.2) Davids new book on world history has sold 10,000 copies! It has become a bestseller. At first, his concern was whether anyone would read his book. Actu
22、ally, it is a well-written book that is also fun to read. The reason why his book has sold so many copies is that Davids love for history is represented in the way he writes about the topic.【设计意图：这个步骤是语法知识在句子层面、语篇层面和新语境中的运用。语法教学的最终目的是为运用。层层深入的活动设计体现“学习理解应用实践迁移创新”英语学习活动观。】V. HomeworkPolish your paragraph after class and exchange your paragraph with other classmates.
