1、Period 3Reading and WritingThe General Idea of This PeriodThis period lays emphasis on extensive reading and writing.At first the teacher will check the students homework, by asking some individual students to read out their summaries of the reading passage “Puzzles in Geography”.Then the teacher wi
2、ll ask the students some detailed questions based on the reading passage.This step has two goals.One is to help the students to consolidate what they have learnt during the last period.The other goal is to lead the topic to“Sightseeing in London”.In the next step the students are asked to read the p
3、assage fast and write down the places that Zhang Pingyu visited.After reading the passage again, the students will write down the comments on these places.This will be done by filling in a chart.Since it is an extensive reading passage, there is no need to understand it in detail.But the students sh
4、ould pay special attention to how the writer described these places, because they will undertake a similar task next.As is well known, language can only be mastered by being used.So, the students will next undertake a rather challenging task, that is, to introduce one of the famous buildings or attr
5、actions in their hometown or home village to a tourist.They should practice in pairs by asking and answering questions.Then the students will organize the information from the dialogue into an introduction to the attractions in their local guide book.While doing this, the students should pay special
6、 attention to wording, especially verbs and adjectives.Teaching Important PointsThe important words, phrases and sentence patterns in this period.Improve the students extensive reading ability.Train the students ability to cooperate with others.Teaching DifficultiesTrain the students speaking abilit
7、y, especially the ability to deal with some problems in understanding each other.Train the students writing ability.Teaching Aidsa tape recorder a projectorthe blackboardThree Dimensional Teaching AimsKnowledge Aimssightseeing, available, tower, uniform, royal, splendid, statue, communism, thrill, p
8、ot, smart, site, delight, occasion, longitude, navigation, original, unfair, suggestionbe worried about, make a list of, to ones great surprise, on special occasions, in memory of, ring out the hour, set the time, have a photo taken, stand on either side of the line, on show, be proud of, leave sp.f
9、or sp., fall asleepWorried about the time available, Zhang Pingyu had make a list of the sites she wanted to see in London.It seemed strange that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.Ability AimsLearn some rough information about the attractions in London.Improve
10、the students extensive reading ability.Train the students speaking ability, especially the ability to deal with some problems in understanding each other.Train the students writing ability.Emotional AimsTrain the students ability to cooperate with others.Stimulate the students love of their hometown
11、Know that London is a place greatly influence by invaders.Teaching ProcedureStep 1 GreetingsTeacher greets the students as usual.Step 2 RevisionT: In the last period, we learned some basic information about the United Kingdom, especially the historical influence on the geography and its historical a
12、ttractions.First, whod like to read your summary of the passage?S: The United Kingdom consists of four countries, which joined together little by little in history, and this can be seen from the Union Jack.But the four countries dont work together in every area.England is the largest of all and it c
13、an be divided into three zones.Both London and England were greatly influenced by different invaders.T: Excellent.T: I will ask you some general questions about the UK.While answering them, you cant refer to your textbooks.T: No.1 What are the four countries in the United Kingdom?S: They are England
14、, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.T: No.2 When did Great Britain come into being?S: It came into being in 1603, when King James of Scotland became King of England and Wales as well.T: No.3 What are the three zones in England?S: They are the South, the Midlands and the North.T: No.4 Do the four
15、countries in the UK work together in every area?S: No.They work together in some areas, but they have developed different educational and legal systems as well as different football teams for competitions like the World Cup!T: No.5 Which group of invaders did not influence London?S: The Vikings.T: W
16、hat did the invaders left in London?S: The Romans built the oldest port in the 1st century AD, the Anglo-Saxons built the oldest building in the 1060s and the Normans constructed the oldest castle in 1066.T: So there must be very beautiful sceneries to see if we go to London one day.Step 3 Extensive
17、 ReadingT: Do you still remember the pictures of some beautiful buildings in the United Kingdom shown at the beginning of this unit?Have you dreamed of going there one day and seeing all the sceneries with your own eyes?Ss: Yes.T: So today we will learn a passage with the title“SIGHTSEEING IN LONDON
18、”.T: First read the passage silently and write down all the places that Zhang Pingyu visited during her trip.(Teacher gives the students several minutes to read the passage and finish the task.)S: She visited the Tower, St Pauls Cathedral, Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace, Greenwich, Highgate Ce
19、metery and the Library of the British Museum.T: Do you know the full name of the Tower?S: Is it called the Tower of London?T: You are right.Then what did Zhang Pingyu hear when she came out of the Westminster Abbey?S: She heard the sound of the clock, Big Ben, ringing out the hour.T: Now read the pa
20、ssage again and find out Zhang Pingyus comment on each place she visited.(Teacher gives the students several minutes to finish the chart below.)Day 1CommentsDay 2 and commentDay 3 and comment11223344T: Who would like to come to the blackboard to fill in the chart?S: Let me have a try. Day 1CommentsD
21、ay 2 and commentDay 3 and comment1 The Tower1 fancyGreenwich: interestingHighgate Cemetery:strange2 St Pauls Cathedral2 splendid3 Westminster Abbey3 interestingThe Library of the British Museum: thrilling, proud4 Buckingham Palace4 /T: You did a very good job.T: What do you know about Greenwich from
22、 this passage?S: In Greenwich there is a longitude line.It is an imaginary line dividing the eastern and western halves of the world and is very useful for navigation.T: Is the original Library of the British Museum used as a library today?S: No.It is used to display wonderful treasures from differe
23、nt cultures, including some beautiful old Chinese pots.Step 4 Speaking and WritingT: In our hometown, there are also some interesting buildings or attractions.Work in pairs and choose one of them.One of you is the tourist and the other is the tour guide.The tourist may have a few problems understand
24、ing the guide.If so, you may use some expressions on Page 15 to help you.Now work in pairs and five minutes later, I will ask pairs of you to come to the front to demonstrate your dialogues.(Ss work in pairs, meanwhile, the teacher goes round the classroom and helps the students to deal with any que
25、stion that they may meet with.)(After about five minutes.)T: Are there any volunteers?Ss: Let us have a try.T: Good.A: Welcome to Xishan Town.B: Thanks.Would you please recommend some famous scenery in your hometown?A: I suggest you should go to Linwu Cave in our town.It is in the east of our town.B
26、: Why is the cave famous?A: The cave, which is also known as Dragon Cave, is faced to Taihu Lake.In the cave staglites stand like a forest under smooth ceilings.B: Pardon?What did you mean by“staglites”?A: I mean, in the cave there are lime rocks.It is said that the cave is below the bottom of Taihu
27、 Lake.The cave is acclaimed by Taoist believers as No.9 Cave under Heaven.There are also some Taoist cultural relics in the cave.B: How deep is the cave?A: It has a depth of more than hundreds of meters.B: I feel like going there at once.Then whats the price of the ticket?A: Its about 30 yuan includ
28、ing the Plum Blossom Garden.B: Really?You mean I can also visit the Plum Blossom Garden?A: Yes.Wish you a pleasant journey in our town.B: Thanks.T: Excellent.You have done a very good job.T: Next use the information you have collected about this building or attraction and write about it in your loca
29、l guide book.You want to encourage people to visit it so you should write in an exciting way.Think about the verbs and adjectives you can use.Now I will give you several minutes to finish writing the introduction.(The students write the introduction, and the teacher goes around the classroom and hel
30、ps the students to solve any problem that they may meet with.)Example: Why not visit our Linwu Cave?Linwu Cave, which is also called Dragon Cave, is located in the east of West Hill, an island in Taihu Lake.The Cave has a long history.In the cave staglites stand like a forest under smooth ceiling.Th
31、ere are also some Taoist cultural relics in it, and the cave was acclaimed by Taoist believers as No.9 Cave under Heaven.On the way here, you will also cross Taihu Bridge, the longest bridge over the inland lake in China.It is the lake that has linked the island with Suzhou.Having bought a ticket of
32、 30 yuan, you can also enjoy the Plum Blossom Garden.Step 5 HomeworkIf the students havent finished writing the introduction to one of the attractions in their hometown, they can go on to do it after class.Even if the students have finished writing, they should try to beautify the words and sentence
33、 structures that they have used.The Design of the Writing on the BlackboardUnit 2The United KingdomPeriod 3Reading and Writing.Places visited and comments: .Useful expressions: Day 1CommentsDay 2 and commentDay 3 and comment112233441.Excuse me.Im afraid I cant follow you.2.I beg your pardon？3.Please
34、, can you speak more slowly?4.What did you mean by.?5.Im sorry but could you repeat that?6.I didnt understand.Research and ActivitiesAdvertisement-competitionAfter class, each pair should try to finish their introduction to the chosen attraction and make it into an advertisement.They can go to the l
35、ibrary or surf the Internet for some further information or pictures.Then each pair should put up their advertisement on the wall.Every student will act as a tourist and choose one place that he or she wants to visit most after reading the advertisements.And everyone is asked to put one flag under t
36、he advertisement that he or she has chosen.The one that gets the most flags will be the best advertisement and the makers will be supplied with a prize.Reference for TeachingThe City of LondonNearly all the old City of London was burned down in the fire of 1666.It started on a Sunday evening in a br
37、ead shop.On Tuesday evening, a quarter of a million people had no homes, and the fire was still burning.The old St.Pauls Cathedral, there for a thousand years before that, went in the fire.The Cathedral you see today was built by Sir Christopher Wren.There is also a monument to the fire, near Eastch
38、eap, where there fire started, and you can climb up it and look down on the city.Or, if you feel like climbing, you can go up the 627 stairs to the top of St Pauls and look at the new city from there.After the fire of London, some Londoners made new homes in new parts of London.Others wanted to come
39、 back, but found the new houses too expensive.The city started to lose its people and then, when the railways came, it was even easier to work in the city and live outside it.In the Second World War, many homes in the city were destroyed by bombs.So now the city has very few shops and homes.The stre
40、ets are full of thousands of offices, and only the street names make you think of the people who used to live there, and bought their food in Fish Street and Bread Street and Milk Street.Some people do live in the new big blocks of flats near the Barbican (one of the old Roman gates), but often they
41、 only sleep there, and go away for weekends.The shops are shut on Saturdays, and the restaurants and pubs shut at six oclock in the evening.If you go into the city at eight oclock at night, you feel you are in dead city, while a kilometer away; the streets of the West End are full of people.It seems
42、 a sad end.The CockneyAlmost everyone who has heard of London has heard of the term“Cockney(伦敦佬)”.Strictly speaking, in order to call oneself a Cockney, one should have been born“within the sound of Bow bells”, that is to say, within the sound of the bells of the church of St Mary-le-Bow, which stan
43、ds nearly in the centre of the city of London.But, in fact, all Londons citizens who were born and bred in the city may call themselves Cockneys if they like.However, the term is generally reserved for the Londoner with a“Cockney accent”.They Cockney accent is not a particularly pleasant or melodiou
44、s（悦耳的）one, and the Cockneys distortion（扭曲, 变形） of the English language is such that the foreigner often finds it impossible to understand the speaker until his ear has become acclimatized（适应） to the peculiar tones.The principal characteristics of the Cockney accent consist in a general slurring of c
45、onsonants and a distortion of vowel sounds.The best known example of Cockney speech is modern English literature is that of Eliza Doolittle, the heroine of Bernard Shaws play, “Pygmalion”and of the musical adapted from, “My Fair Lady”.But if Cockney speech is unpleasant, the Cockney himself is usual
46、ly far from being so.The average Cockney is distinguished（区分, 辨别） by his quick wit, his ready sense of humor, his ability to“carry on”under unusual or difficult conditions and by his willingness to be of help if he can.The Cockneys humor is often satirical（讽刺的） but it is never vicious（邪恶的）; he is al
47、ways ready to laugh at other peoples peculiarities（怪癖） but he is equally ready to laugh at his own.He often makes jokes under the most difficult conditions, a quality that was very apparent during World War .This rather lugubrious type of humor is well exemplified（举例证明） by the title of an old Cockne
48、y music hall song: “Aint It Grand To Be Blooming Well Dead.”Nowadays, as the tempo of life in big cities grows ever faster (although the Cockney opposes this process when he can), the opportunities for the Cockney to exercise his wit and humor diminish(减少, 变小).But if one keeps ones ears open on buse
49、s, in railway stations, in street markets and similar places, it will soon become evident that the spirit of Cockney humor is still very much alive, although the old Cockney pronunciation is less common until now.Most people who call themselves Cockneys usually do so with some pride.And, by and larg
50、e, they are justified.Famous Buildings in London Hyde ParkCovering an area of 350 acres (140 hectares) Hyde Park is one of the best known Royal parks.Originally owned by the monks of Westminster Abbey, the park was later seized by Henry .Since then the park was historically recognized for duels（决斗）,
51、 hunts and political demonstrations.The Rolling Stones and Pavarotti have performed concerts here, amongst many others.The Serpentine is an artificial lake used for boating and bathing, and Speakers Corner situated at the north-east is packed with soapbox speakers airing their points of view.Westmin
52、ster AbbeyFounded in 1065 by Edward the Confessor, Westminster Abbey has been the site of every Royal Coronation since 1066 (except those of Edward and Edward ) and is the final resting place of many sovereigns, politicians, poets and artists.Burial in the abbey is one of the rarest and greatest hon
53、ors in Britain.The nave is over a hundred feet high, the tallest of any church in the country.Behind the High Altar, in the Chapel of Edward the Confessor, the most sacred part of the abbey, rests the Coronation Chair.Coronations and royal weddings have been performed here for centuries.Buckingham P
54、alaceBuckingham Palace has served as the Monarchs permanent （永久的）London residence, since the accession（就职） of Queen Victoria in 1837. Built on the site of a notorious（声名狼藉的） brothel（妓院）, its days began in 1702, as the Duke of Buckinghams city residence.Later it was sold by the Dukes son, to George i
55、n 1762.Whilst the Queen is in residence the palace is closed to the public.During the two months that Her Majesty is not at home, the doors to the Palace are open to the general public.Tickets must be purchased in advance for a guided tour, through 18 of the 661 rooms.Kew GardensSpring is probably t
56、he best time to visit, but all year round you will find a stunning array of flowers, lawns, formal gardens and botanical greenhouses.More than 50 000 different species of plants are cultivated at Kew. Commissioned（代理） by George s mother, Princess Augusta, in 1759, Kew is now one of the worlds most i
57、mportant botanical research centres.Kew also offers many historical buildings including Palm house, a metal and glass hothouse built around 1845 and Kew Palace, once a royal palace dating from the early 1600s.St Pauls CathedralSet amongst the tower blocks of Londons financial sector, St Pauls Cathed
58、ral has a dominating presence.St Pauls Cathedral is the fifth church to stand on this site and followed that of Old St Pauls, with its amazing 160 m spire（尖顶） which was one of the wonders of medieval Europe until it was destroyed by fire.The Cathedral is open for visitors on Monday to Saturday from
59、8: 30.The last admission to the Cathedral for sightseeing is at 16: 00.The Cathedral Shop in the Crypt and the Crypt Cafe are open from 9: 00 to 17: 00 on Monday to Saturday and from 10: 30 to 17: 00 on Sundays.Special services and events may close all or part of the Cathedralsometimes at short noti
60、ce.It is a great privilege to welcome those who come here from many parts of the world to share the worship of St Pauls Cathedral.Inside the enormous dome lies the Whispering Gallery(回音廊).It is said that if you whisper close to the wall it can be heard over a hundred feet away at the other side of t
61、he dome, although the gallery is normally too busy to try this for yourself.Tower of LondonThe Tower of London started as a simple watch tower, built by William the Conqueror, to keep an eye on the city.The Tower of London has acted as a royal residence, treasury, mint（造币厂）and a prison. The Crown Je
62、wels are found in the Jewel House, and for many catching a glimpse of these precious stones can be the highlight of their visit.Tower BridgeDespite being just over one hundred years old, Tower Bridge ranks as one of Londons most famous attractions. A steel frame clad in granite（花岗岩） and Portland Sto
63、ne, represents an amazing engineering achievement, allowing the road crossing to be raised giving tall ships access to upper reaches of the Thames.It is an impressive sight although it happens infrequently.Inside the north tower an exhibition explains the bridges history and design.Shakespeare in Lo
64、ndonSome time between 1585 and 1592, it is believed that Shakespeare left Stratford for London and joined a company of actors as a performer and a playwright.Legend long held that Shakespeare left Stratford because he was being pursued by the law for poaching deer on private property.By 1592 Shakesp
65、eare had received some recognition, though not entirely positive, as an actor and playwright.He was mentioned in a pamphlet (A Groats-worth of Wit) written by Robert Greene.Greene refers to Shakespeare as an“upstart crow”in the London theater and charges that Shakespeare was an unschooled player and
66、 a writer who used material written by his better educated contemporaries.Also during this year, the theaters in London closed due to the plague.By 1594 Shakespeare had joined a theater troupe known as the Lord Chamberlains Men.Scholars attribute several of Shakespeares plays to this time period.Alt
67、hough no one can be certain of the dates of composition for any of the plays, a considerable amount of scholarship has gone into the endeavor of accurately determining an approximate time period during which Shakespeare wrote each play.Some believe that The Comedy of Errors, a farcical play centerin
68、g on the mistaken identities of two sets of twins, may have been Shakespeares first play.A few counter that The Two Gentlemen of Verona, which focuses on the conflict between romantic love and friendship, may have been Shakespeares first play.Some scholars suggest that these plays may have been writ
69、ten as early as 1588 or 1589, while many others date both plays several years later, suggesting that they were written between 1592 and 1594.Other plays written during this early period include one of the history tetralogies: Henry , Part One(1589-1590); Henry , Part Two (1590-1591); Henry , Part Th
70、ree(1590-1591); and Richard (1592-1593).Many people believe that Henry , Part One was Shakespeares first play.This tetralogy treats the Wars of the Roses, the conflict between two factions of nobles.The last play of the sequence, Richard , ends with the establishment of the Tudor dynasty, to which b
71、elonged Queen Elizabeth, who ruled during much of Shakespeares life.It is also believed that Shakespeare wrote Titus Andronicus (1592-1594), The Taming of the Shrew(1593-1594), and Loves Labors Lost (1593-1595) during this period of his life. Titus Andronicus, Shakespeares earliest tragedy, deals wi
72、th the cycle of revenge which destroys the families involved in the plays action.The Taming of the Shrew is a lively comedy featuring the willful Kate and her“tamer, ”Petruchio.Kates“taming”(her apparent and uncharacteristic submission to her husband) often troubles modern audiences. Loves Labors Lo
73、st has been described as a satirization of the courtly and somewhat artificial love of male nobles, and of the academic pursuits, which were often more fashionable than serious in Shakespeares time, of the nobility.In addition to these dramatic works, it is believed that Shakespeare wrote the poem V
74、enus and Adonis and began composing his sonnets in 1592 or 1593.He eventually wrote 154 sonnets.Between 1593 and 1594, he probably wrote the poem The Rape of Lucrece.In 1596 the patron of the Lord Chamberlains Men (Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon, the Queens Chamberlain) died, leaving Shakespeares company
75、 under the patronage of his son, George Carey, second Lord Hunsdon.The next year, Shakespeare bought a spacious Stratford home, known as New Place.Shakespeare continued to be noted as an actor; in 1598 he appeared in a performance of Ben Jonsons Every Man in His Humor, and was listed as a principal
76、actor in the London performance of the drama.Soon after, in 1599, Shakespeare and other members of the Lord Chamberlains Men leased land for the Globe Theater, which opened later that year.Also in 1599, the poet John Weever published a poem (“Ad Guglielmum Shakespeare”) in which he praised Shakespea
77、re as a poet and playwright.During this period of his life, from about 1595 through 1600, Shakespeare wrote a number of plays, including the second historical tetralogy (Richard 1595; Henry , Part One1596-97; Henry , Part Two1598; and Henry 1599).This tetralogy deals with the events leading up to th
78、e Wars of the Roses: Richard is usurped by Henry Bolingbrook and later assassinated.The new king, Henry , worries over his role in Richards death and about the ability of his“madcap”son, Hal, to rule.A subplot focuses on Hals wild adventures with the comical knight, Sir John Falstaff.Hal becomes Kin
79、g Henry after his fathers death; he conquers France and restores peace.King John, a historical drama dealing with the reign of King John and the tragedy of the young Arthur, is estimated to have been written between 1594 and 1596. A Midsummer Nights Dream and the famous tragedy Romeo and Juliet were
80、 probably written in 1595 or 1596. A Midsummer Nights Dream, a fantastical comedy complete with fairies and magic, deals with such topics as love, imagination, and art.One of Shakespeares most popular and well-known plays, Romeo and Juliet is the story of ill-fated lovers who attempt to escape the d
81、isapproval of their feuding families.The comedies The Merchant of Venice and The Merry Wives of Windsor are believed to have been written between 1596 and 1597.Identified by critics as a problem play (one that raises moral dilemmas which it does not resolve), The Merchant of Venice is like The Two G
82、entlemen of Verona in that it deals with the relationship between romantic love and masculine friendship; the play also focuses on the theme of mercy. The Merry Wives of Windsor is a farce dealing with middle class life and values; it features the knight Falstaff, who was introduced in Henry , Part
83、One as Hals drunken and wayward companion.Other plays written during this period of Shakespeares life include Much Ado about Nothing (1598-1599); Julius Caesar(1599); and As You Like It(1599-1600). Much Ado about Nothing is the witty comedy featuring Beatrice and Benedick.The play is sometimes consi
84、dered flawed by critics due to what they and many audiences see as the insensitive treatment of the female characters, particularly the falsely accused Hero.The Roman tragedy Julius Caesar dramatizes the downfall of the title character and examines the nature of political rivalry, ambition, and powe
85、r. As You Like It depicts the beautiful Forest of Arden as a haven from the trappings of courtly life.Shakespeare also wrote several comedies during these years, including Alls Well That Ends Well (1601-1603); Twelfth Night(1601-1602); and Measure for Measure(1604). Alls Well That Ends Well and Meas
86、ure for Measure have both been tagged as problem plays.The first comedy ends abruptly with Bertrams sudden acceptance of his wife Helena, whom he had essentially abandoned earlier in the play.In Measure for Measure, deception plays a central role in the plays action; this includes the deception perp
87、etuated by a character depicted as a paragon of virtue, Isabella. Twelfth Night is typically seen as one of Shakespeares more mature comedies.Like other comedies, it features some disguise and role-playing, such as that of one the central figures, Viola, who disguises herself as the page Cesario.The
88、 play also concerns gender roles and class differences.In this period Shakespeare also produced Greek and Roman dramas, including Troilus and Cressida(1601-1602); Antony and Cleopatra (1605-1607); Coriolanus (1607-1608); and Timon of Athens(1607-1608). Troilus and Cressida, a Greek drama, emphasizes
89、 the differences between the ideal and the real by portraying legendary Greek figures as people with less-than-admirable qualities. Antony and Cleopatra is the story of the love and passion between the famous Roman general and the sensuous, legendary Egyptian queen. Coriolanus is a Roman political t
90、ragedy dealing with issues of character and pride.Feelings of bitterness and disillusionment permeate the Greek drama, Timon of Athens.Shakespeare also wrote Pericles, Prince of Tyre probably between 1607 and 1608. Pericles is an adventurous tale of a prince who suffers the loss of his wife and daug
91、hter, but is, in the end, reunited with his family. Pericles is thought by some scholars to have been a collaborative effort.After 1608 Shakespeares dramatic production lessened somewhat.The Globe Theater burned down, but was rebuilt a year later on the opposite bank of the Thames River.During these
92、 years, Shakespeare wrote romantic tragicomedies (that is, romances featuring elements of both tragedy and comedy).The romantic tragicomedies include Cymbeline(1609-1610); The Winters Tale(1610-1611); and The Tempest(1610-1611), Cymbeline and The Winters Tale are both stories of loss and pain, but,
93、like Pericles, they end with a happy reunion. The Tempest features the same elements of loss and reunion, but it also emphasizes the balance of wisdom and power that Prospero achieves at the plays end.It has been noted that The Tempest was probably the last play Shakespeare wrote on his own, and tha
94、t the character of Prospero, as one who manipulates events, stages masques, and directs the actions of other characters, represents Shakespeare the playwright and his farewell to the theater.During this later period, Shakespeare also wrote two plays that most scholars believe were composed in collaboration with the dramatist John Fletcher: Henry (1612-1613), a historical drama, and The Two Noble Kinsmen (1613), the story of the love two men have for the same woman.It is also believed that Shakespeare wrote another play around 1612 or 1613, Cardenio, but it has been completely lost.
