1、UNIT 5HUMANS AND NATURE【基础回顾】 核心词汇写其形1_ n. 评论；意见2_ n. 灾难；灾祸3_ n. 讲座，讲课；演讲4_ n. 伤害，损伤，损害5_ vt. 估量，衡量；测量6_ vt. 使震惊；使难以置信7_ n. &vt. 努力，尝试，企图8_ vt. 打断讲话9_ n. &vt. 营救；救援10_ vi. &vt. 逃离；逃避阅读词汇知其意1drought n. _2hurricane n. _3landslide n. _4whirlpool n. _5kangaroo n. _6file n. _7whale n. _8dolphin n. _9shar
2、k n. _10weed n. _11deer n. _拓展词汇通其变1anxiety n焦急，焦虑_ adj.焦虑的；不安的_ adv.焦虑地；不安地2conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；vi. &vt.指挥_ n指挥者；售票员3loss n丧失；死亡_ v丢失；丢掉4curious adj.好奇的_ n好奇，好奇心5harm n. &vt.伤害，损害_ adj.有害的_ adj.无害的6survive vi. &vt.活下来；幸存_ n幸存，活下来_ n幸存者，生还者7ambition n抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿_ adj.有抱负的，有野心的，有理想的8equal adj.相等的；相同的
3、_ adv.相等地；同样地；平等地_ n平等9process n过程，进程_ n(行列的)行进；(人或车辆等的)行列10fright n惊吓，恐怖_ vt.使害怕，使惊恐_ adj.受惊的，害怕的高频短语记得牢1_ 对置之不理，对撒手不管2_ 在边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事)3_ 吸气4_ 用完；耗尽典型句式懂其用1how引导的宾语从句You cant imagine _ a life that I lived then.你想象不到那时我过着多么困难的生活。2the比较级.，the比较级.越，就越_we get together, _ we will be.我们相聚得越多，我们就越快乐。3
4、make sb. do sth.让某人做某事Wars _ the peace go away.战争使和平远离。We were made _ a good job in key construction projects.要求我们搞好重点项目建设。4Sb./Sth. be the first to do sth.某人/某物第一个做某事。He is the first _ the maths problem.他是第一个算出这道数学题的人。【核心考点】第一版块|重点单词1flood n洪水，水灾；大批，大量v淹没；(使)泛滥；(洪水般地)涌进/出；挤满，拥满；使大受感动，充满(1)a flood o
5、f 大量的a flood of complaints 大量投诉be in flood (河水)上涨，泛滥flood water 洪水in floods of tears 泪如雨下flood.with. 把大量送至； 使充满(2)be flooded with 挤满，拥满；大量收到flood in/into 大量涌入flood back (感觉或回忆)涌上心头，涌现flood sb. out (洪水)迫使某人离开家园flood sb. with questions 用大量的问题问某人单句语法填空The room was at once flooded _ light.She drew the c
6、urtains and the sunlight flooded _ (flood) have become more damaging in Bangladesh in recent decades.We cant cross the meadow there because the river is_ flood.Rezwan is creating floating connectivity to replace _ (flood) roads and highways.But when he finally reached her, the woman flooded him _ qu
7、estions.ment n评论；意见v评论；注释make comments on/about 对作出评论make no comment on/about 对不做评论without comment 不予评论no comment 无可奉告cause/attract/draw comment 引来/招来评论ask for comments 征求意见offer comments 提意见comment on/upon 评论，对提意见comment that. 评论说/称单句语法填空She refused to make a comment _ the incident.This time, howev
8、er, I just couldnt let an issue go by _ comment.Would you care to comment _ any troublesome students in your class?Make _ (comment) only on the subjects you know well.3crowded adj.拥挤的；挤满人的crowd vi. &vt.挤满；塞满；聚集；拥挤n人群；观众be crowded with 挤满；拥挤crowd in 挤进crowd in (on/upon sb.) (往事)涌现于(某人的) 脑海crowd sb./s
9、th. into/onto sth.crowd sb./sth. in 把装满crowd into/onto sth. 大批涌入(狭小的空间)a crowd of 一群in crowds 成群地follow the crowd 跟大家一样；随大溜单句语法填空The girl students came here to buy flowers _ crowds.The roads are _ (crowd) with vehicles of all kinds.Many past memories crowded in _ him.Its impossible _ (crowd) any mor
10、e football supporters in.The street was crowded _ cars and people.I was very surprised when all of my friends crowded _ my room to say happy birthday to me.4.lecture n讲座，讲课；演讲v训斥；讲课；教导lecturer n演讲者；讲师give a lecture 作演讲，作讲座go to/attend a lecture 出席讲座listen to a lecture 听讲座a lecture on/about. 关于的讲座a s
11、eries of lectures 一系列讲座a lecture hall/room 演讲厅/室lecture in/on (sth.) 就(某题目)作报告，办讲座lecture sb. for sth. 因教训某人误区警示表示“作演讲”时，动词不能用make，而用deliver或give。He delivered/gave a lecture to the students.()He made a lecture to the students.()He made a speech to the students.()单句语法填空She doesnt talk to me. She _ (l
12、ecture) me.Two students waited behind to put more questions to the _ (lecture).He lectured _ Russian literature to his students.Elder children dont like _ (lecture).5escape vi. &vt.逃离；逃避n逃跑；逃避；泄露(1)escape to 逃至escape from reality 逃避现实escape from ones mind/memory 某事被某人忘记escape doing/being done 逃避做nar
13、rowly escape 九死一生escape/avoid responsibility 逃避/回避责任a narrow/lucky escape 死里逃生；幸运逃脱(2)表示“逃跑”的词汇：flee from 从逃离；避免flee to 逃到run away from 从逃跑get away from 从离开误区警示escape作“被忘记，没有被注意到”解时，用sth. escape(s) sb.结构。Her address escaped me.我把她的地址忘了。单句语法填空I found no method of escape _ pain and suffering.They are
14、reported to have escaped _ the other side of the border.He narrowly escaped _ (hurt) in the accident.The explosion was caused by _ escape of gas.There is no way to escape _ (do) the work.He had _ narrow escape when his car skidded on the ice.6survive vi. &vt.活下来；幸存；艰难度过；比活得长survival n生存；幸存；残存物；遗风sur
15、vivor n幸存者，生还者(1)survive the disaster 幸免于难survive the attack 在袭击中幸免于难survive the earthquake 在地震中幸免于难people who survive cancer 癌症幸存者survive this crisis 渡过这个危机survive the difficulties 渡过难关(2)survive on 靠活下来；靠 生存(live on)survive from. 从沿袭/保存下来survive sb. by.year(s) 比某人多活年(3)构词法：survive v(去e)-alsurvival
16、 n如：arrivearrival proposeproposalrefuserefusal removeremovalapproveapprovalAfter he survived the earthquake, the old man became one of the few survivors of the family and his survival made his old friends very happy.这位老人在地震中幸存下来之后，成了这个家庭中少数的幸存者之一，他的幸存使他的老朋友们很欣慰。单句语法填空It is one of the greatest books
17、to survive _ the ancient world.About 1.3 billion people currently have to survive _ less than $1 a day.Mr. Tanner _ (survive) by his wife and two children.There was only one _ (survive) from the plane crash.Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking；_ (survive) is never
18、 certain.7curious adj.好奇的；奇特的curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n好奇心be curious about. 对好奇be curious to do sth. 很想做某事It is/was curious that. 奇怪的是with curiosity 好奇地out of curiosity 出于好奇单句语法填空Dont be too curious _ things you are not supposed to know.The salesgirl in the shop looked at them _ (curious).It was c
19、urious _ she didnt tell anyone.She opened her eyes and looked up at me _ curiosity and hopefulness.I was curious _ (find) out what she had said.We went to the show out of _ (curious) more than anything else.8equal adj.相等的；相同的vt. 比得上；等于n同辈；平等；同等的人或事件equally adv.平等地；同等(重要)地equality n平等；相等(1)equal oppo
20、rtunities/rights 平等的机会/权利an equal number/amount of 相等数量的be equal in size/length 大小/长度相等be equal to. 与相等；能胜任/应付on equal terms (with sb.) (与某人)地位平等(2)equal a world record 与世界纪录打平(3)be without equal/have no equal 无与伦比，无敌误区警示be equal to作“胜任”讲时，其后的to是介词，后接名词或动名词，而不是动词不定式符号。另外介词to也不能错用为as。单句语法填空Bill is qu
21、ite equal _ running the office.All these techniques are _ (equal) effective.All men are not equal _ ability.He is a basketball player _ equal in the team.One horse is not equal to _ (pull) the heavy cart.9trap vt.困住；使陷于危险中n圈套；陷阱；困境(1)(2)(3)They were trapped in the burning hotel.他们被困在发生火灾的旅馆里。单句语法填空T
22、hirty miners are still trapped _ the mine following yesterdays explosion.The hunter set _ trap to catch the fox.The thief _ (trap) by the police in an old house.Its easy to fall _ a trap, but hard to get out again.10.attempt n. &vt. 努力，尝试，企图attempted adj.未遂的attempt to do sth.(try to do sth.)make an
23、attempt to do sth./at doing sth. 企图/试图做某事at ones first attempt 在某人第一次尝试时in an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事a futile attempt 徒劳的尝试attempt a rescue 设法实行营救attempted crime 犯罪未遂词语辨析attempt与tryattempt较正式用词，侧重已经开始，且希望完成，但常隐含着不一定有预期的结果。try普通用词，可与attempt换用，但强调努力或尝试，后跟不定式表示努力或争取，跟动名词表示尝试。单句语法填空He studied hard _ an
24、 attempt to pass the exam.She passed her driving test _ the first attempt.2020江苏卷When Wilson returned home from hospital two months later, his parents attempted _ (find) a way to deal with the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.Some time after 10，000 BC, people made the first real attempt
25、_ (control) the world they lived in, through agriculture.2020天津二考This effort is not just an attempt _ being community mindedits also a crime cutting measure.11damage n伤害，损伤，损害，损失；损害赔偿金(pl.)v损害；毁坏damaged adj.被损坏的，受损伤的 (1)do/cause damage to 损坏；破坏damage ones health 损害某人的健康(2)be completely destroyed by
26、fire 被大火彻底烧毁destroy the environment 毁坏环境destroy ones confidence/hope/faith 摧毁某人的信心/希望/信仰in ruins 成为废墟词语辨析damage, destroy与ruindamage部分性“破坏”“损坏”，一般还可修复。destroy彻底地“破坏”“毁坏”，一般不能或很难修复。ruin严重地“毁坏”，侧重于破坏事物的内在价值。单句语法填空The flood did a lot of damage _ the crops.Without oxygen, the brain _ (damage) quickly.Her
27、 heart was slightly _ (damage) as a result of her long illness.辨析填空：damage, destroy, ruinAn atom bomb would _ a city.The politics of the company will _ their image.Many houses were _ by the earthquake.12measure vt.估量，衡量；测量n措施；办法；度量单位；尺度；程度linkingv(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为measurement n测量；尺寸；数量measure ones heig
28、ht 测量某人的身高make.to ones measure 为某人量身定做take ones measure 给某人量尺寸take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事beyond measure 非常；极其；不可估量误区警示当measure意为“(指尺寸、长短、数量等)量度为”时是连系动词，不能用于进行时态，也不用于被动语态。The fish measures more that one meter.这条鱼长一米多。单句语法填空Do you make suits _ your measure?The good they have done for me is _ meas
29、ure.We should take appropriate measures _ (improve) our teaching.They suggested _ (measure) to overcome current difficulties.The overall _ (measure) of this room is 80 square metres.He _ (measure) Mrs Brown from top to bottom.13.process n过程，进程v加工；处理；列队前进processed adj.加工过的go overin the process 与此同时，在
30、此过程中be in the process of (doing) sth. 在(做)某事的过程中， 在进行中process the agricultural products/tea leaves 加工农产品/茶叶process the data 处理数据process into 列队走进processed food 加工过的食品误区警示process用作及物动词时，常接名词、代词作宾语，可用于被动结构；用作不及物动词时，常与介词into连用。单句语法填空The administration is in _ process of drawing up a peace plan.The stud
31、ents processed _ the dining room.Grocery stores sell many foods that _ (process).2019全国卷However, if others benefit _ the process, and I get some reward too, does it really matter where my motivation lies?They are required _ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other
32、 bodily functions.14interrupt v打断讲话；打扰；遮挡interruption n打断；打扰interrupt sb. 打断某人(的讲话)interrupt sb. with sth. 用某事打断某人sorry to interrupt. 对不起打扰sorry for interrupting 对不起打扰一下be interrupted by. 受到打扰词语辨析interrupt，disturb两词都有“扰”的意思。interrupt既含“扰”又有“断”之意，侧重“断”之意。disturb打扰，捣乱，使心神不宁，但没有“断”之意。单句语法填空He was angry
33、 at being interrupted _such silly questions in his speech.Their conversation _ (interrupt) by a phone call from Nina.Sorry _ (interrupt), but theres someone to see you.The functions of our government continue without _ (interrupt).15conduct vt.实施；进行；执行；带领；引导；传导vi. &vt.指挥n行为；举止conductor n指挥；职业指挥；售票员；
34、导体conduct an experiment 进行实验conduct oneself 表现；举止conduct an orchestra 指挥管弦乐队conduct activities 开展活动conduct sb. around 带领某人参观conduct sb. into 领某人进入conduct sb. through 领某人穿过conduct sb. to the teacher 带某人去见老师单句语法填空The way he conducts _ (he) reflects the family.A fire drill will _ (conduct) in your resi
35、dence hall every semester.It is his duty to conduct the visitors _ the whole park.To return to the problem of water pollution, Id like you to look at a study _ (conduct) in Australia in 2012.16.protection n保护；防护protect v保护；防护protective adj.保护的；防护的；出于爱护protector n保护人；保护装置under the protection of. 在的保护
36、下the protection of. 的保护protect sb./sth. from/against. 保护某人/某物免受的伤害单句语法填空I regarded him as my friend and _ (protect).Little children live _ the protection of their parents.Living away from the _ (protect) of parents, I am growing up in a rapid speed.Shes too _ (protect) towards her children; she shou
37、ld let them be more independent._ protection of intellectual property rights has been a hot topic in the past few years.They felt strongly that their products should be protected _ competition from foreign imports.17.nearby adv.附近地adj.附近的live nearby 住在附近play nearby 在附近玩误区警示nearby用作形容词的意思是“附近的，不远的”，指
38、位置较近或就在旁边，在句中一般用作定语，可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后。The hospital nearby is a big one.附近的这家医院很大。Her mother lived in a nearby town.她母亲住在附近的一个小镇上。完成句子He works in _ (附近的警察局).He usually trades _ (在附近的超市).Small local shops stop being economic when a supermarket _ (在附近开设).18ambition n抱负，雄心；追求，夙愿ambitious adj.有雄心的；有野心的a lac
39、k of ambition 缺乏抱负be full of ambition 充满野心realize/achieve/fulfill ones ambition 实现某人的抱负have an ambition to do sth./of doing sth. 有做某事的愿望Ones ambition is to be/do. 某人的理想是(做)political/literary/sporting ambitions 政治抱负/文学夙愿/运动目标be ambitious for 渴望be ambitious to do sth. 渴望做某事Robert is a very ambitious m
40、an and one of his ambitions is to become a great scientist in the future.罗伯特是一位非常有雄心的人，他的目标之一是将来成为一名伟大的科学家。单句语法填空Ann has an ambition _ (be) a professor.You will not be able to achieve your _ (ambitious) if you do not work hard.2020天津二考Galileo was not merely _ (ambition) when he dropped objects of va
41、rying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.19.cheerful adj.高兴的，兴高采烈的cheer n欢呼声；喝彩声v欢呼；(为)喝彩；(使)振奋cheerfulness n高兴a cheerful face 笑脸a cheerful colour 亮丽的颜色words of cheer 鼓励的话cheer for 为喝彩/叫好；为鼓劲儿/加油cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)振作起来；使(某人)高兴起来cheer on 为打气；为加油单句语法填空Our friend
42、s have a look of _ (cheerful).The audience gave _ great cheer when he scored.This restaurant has a _ (cheer) atmosphere.Lets go to the football game and cheer _ our favourite team.We did our best to cheer him _ when he was about to give up.20prove vt.证明；证实proof n证据；证明prove sth. to sb. 向某人证明prove sb.
43、/sth.adj./n. 证明某人/某物是prove oneself to be 证明自己是prove that/wh-从句 证明it is proved that. 被证明误区警示prove为连系动词时，不用于被动语态中，其后接名词或形容词作表语。The method proved useful.这种方法证明有用。单句语法填空The blood on his shoes was a _ (prove) of his guilt.She may be proved _ (be) the most suitable person for the job.It _ (prove)that the
44、man stole some money from the shop.He proved _ (he) a worthy successor to the former Prime Minister.You will have to prove _ the police that you were at home that night.Their experiences prove _ life is full of changes and possibilities.21sincerity n真诚，真挚，诚实sincere adj.真诚的；诚挚的sincerely adv.真诚地；真心地(1
45、)in all sincerity 非常真诚地；衷心地be sincere in. 在方面是真诚的(2)表示“真诚地，衷心地”的短语：from the bottom of ones heart, from the heart。单句语法填空Her _ (sincere) has never been questioned.I _ (sincere) believe that this is the right decision.I can say _ all sincerity that I knew nothing of these plans.She is never completely
46、sincere _ what she says about people.I was impressed by her _ (sincere) so deeply at that time that I decided to make friends with her.第二版块|重点短语1run out 用完；耗尽run out of 用完，耗尽run out of steam 失去动力；精疲力竭词语辨析run out与run out ofrun out是不及物动词词组，不用于被动语态。run out of是及物词词组，后跟宾语，可用于被动语态。Her money has run out an
47、d she is also running out of her patience.她的钱已经用完了，她的耐心也快耗尽了。单句语法填空Their luck had simply run _. Still, never fear.I have run out _ patience with her.辨析填空：run out, run out ofIt looks as if oil will _ faster than coal.Theyll _ their daily necessities.2.have sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事He had us laughing al
48、l through the meal.他让我们吃饭时一直笑个不停。Ill have you speaking English in six months.我将使你在六个月后会说英语。归纳拓展(1)have sb. do sth. 让某人做某事，宾语与宾补之间为主动关系。If anyone happens to drop in while I am out, have him or her leave a message.如果我外出时碰巧有人来拜访，让他或她留个口信。(2)have sth. done的两层含义：使某事被(主语有意识的行为，可能是主语自己做，也可能请别人做)。We have yo
49、ur medicine prepared now.我们现在已经给你准备好药了。My computer broke down suddenly, and I will have it repaired.我的电脑突然坏了，我要找人修修它。某人遭遇、经历(不好的事)。He had his leg broken while skiing.他滑雪时摔断了腿。单句语法填空Can I have the parcel _ (weigh) here?Wed be delighted to have you _ (work) with us.He had me _ (do) all kinds of jobs f
50、or him.I have a composition _ (write), so I cant go skiing.完成句子Mother _ (让我把信寄了) at once.He _ (手烧伤了) in that big fire.We _ (有很多工作要做).She wont _ (让孩子们迟到).3break down 停止运转，出故障，坏掉；(计划、和谈等)失败；(精神、身体)垮掉；分解；消除；把拆分；情不自禁地哭起来The machine must break down at this busy hour.正忙的时候，机器偏偏又坏了。John broke down the wash
51、ing machine.约翰拆开了洗衣机。break away (from)离开；逃脱；脱离break in 插嘴；打断；闯入break into 破门而入；突然开始(笑、唱等)break off 中断；折断break out (火灾、战争等)突然爆发break through 冲破；突破break up (使)破碎；(使)破裂；解散；散会；(学校)期终放假单句语法填空When does your school break _？Peter broke _ and was unable to work for a year.They attempted to break _ to form an
52、 independent state.The river broke _ its banks, and flooded the country for many miles around.We were discussing our plans, but had to break _ when the telephone rang.写出句中break down的含义The washing machine seems to have broken down again._She bad been waiting for Simon to break down the barrier betwee
53、n them._Peter broke down and wept when he saw the deer that he had shot._His plan broke down when it was put into practice because he had not given enough attention to details._When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and wont have to break down the still every
54、time you need a drink._4.hold on to 紧紧抓住；抓住不放；保留Hold on to your dreams and one day they may come true.坚持你的梦想，也许有一天它们会实现。Jane is determined to hold on to her fortune.简决心要守住自己的财产。hold back隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止hold on 别挂断电话；等会儿；坚持住hold up 支撑，举起；延迟，阻碍hold out 伸出(手)；维持，坚持hold ones breath 屏住呼吸单句语法填空The manager aske
55、d him to hold _ while he investigated the accident.If theres something youd like to say, please dont hold _Music was the one thing I could hold on _ when things got crazy.Traffic on the bridge was held _ for several hours because of the accident.Seeing her son again after two years absence, the moth
56、er held _ her arms to embrace him.5as.as sb. can 尽可能地Find out as much as you can about him and report back to me.尽量查找有关他的资料，向我汇报。Esteban had been cycling as hard as he could for hours.埃斯特班已经竭尽全力骑了数小时的车。as much as you can 尽最大可能地as soon as you can 尽可能快地(时间)as fast as you can 尽可能快地as quick as you can 尽
57、可能快地as hard as you can 尽可能努力地学法点拨as.as one can可与as.as possible进行同义句转换。This is all urgent document, so you ought to deliver it as soon as you can/as soon as possible.这是一份紧急文件，因此你应该尽快寄送出去。完成句子He is keen on being promoted _ (尽快).Run _ (你尽可能快地) so that you can win first place.I hope that I can meet you
58、again as soon as possible.I hope that I can meet you again _你最好尽快为志愿者工作做好准备。_6.protect sb. from/against.保护某人不受He realized that it was because there werent enough trees to protect them from the heat.他意识到这是因为没有足够的树木来保护它们免受高温的伤害。Youd better wear a pair of sunglasses to protect your eyes from/against be
59、ing harmed.你最好戴一副太阳镜来保护你的眼睛不受伤害。误区警示(1)keep.from doing sth.中的from不能省略，因为如果省略，意思会发生变化：keep.doing sth.使一直做某事。(2)在被动语态中，keep/stop/prevent.from doing sth.结构中的from都不能省略。People are kept from communicating with one another.人们被阻止彼此交流。单句语法填空We must _ (protect) against sudden attacks.They set up a wildlife re
60、serve to protect animals from _ (hunt).What can we do to prevent these animals _ (die) out?This special cream will protect your skin _ the burning sun.We were kept _ going out by the heavy rain.7.be made up of由组成My diet is made up of meat, fish, vegetables, fruit, water and milk.我的饮食内容包括肉、鱼、蔬菜、水果、水和
61、牛奶。make up构成；编写make up for 补偿make out 辨认出；明白，理解make it 及时到达；取得成功make the best of 充分利用make up ones mind 下定决心make good/full use of 好好/充分利用单句语法填空He hadnt been able to make _ to our dinner.Encouraged by my parents, I made _ my mind to study harder.I worked last Saturday, so I have today off, to make up
62、_ it.The course _ (make) up of 12 two-hour sessions.If you cannot have the best, make the _ (good) of what you have.Looking through the mist, I could make _ the figure of a woman standing under the street lamp.第三版块|典型句式1It is a common saying that.俗话说It is a common saying that we do not value a thing
63、 till we lose it.俗话说，失去一样东西，我们才知道珍惜。It is a common saying that the weather in the UK is changeable.俗话说，英国的天气变化多端。归纳拓展类似的结构：It is a pity/shame that.遗憾的是Its no wonder that. 难怪It is a great pity that he lost the match.真遗憾他输了这场比赛。It is no wonder that youre tired. Youve been walking for hours.难怪你会累。你已经走了
64、几个小时了。基础练习完成句子俗话说，身正不怕影子斜。_ a clean hand wants no washing.很遗憾你昨晚没有参加晚会。_ you didnt attend the party last night.俗话说，得朋友难，失朋友易。_ a friend is easier lost than found.真遗憾，亨利没参加足球队员的选拔赛。_ Henry didnt try out for the football team.2状语从句的省略If possible, I wish to go there next summer.如果可能，我希望明年夏天去那里。归纳拓展某些句式
65、经过长期发展已成为固定结构：if possible如果可能的话if only 要是就好了if any 如果有的话if ever 如果有过的话if not 不然的话if necessary 如有必要Why not? 为什么不呢？What if.? 如果怎么办？What for? 为了什么？when/where necessary 必要的时候/地方学法点拨在时间、条件、让步、方式状语从句中，如果从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词，可以将从句中的主语和be动词一起省略，构成“连词分词/形容词/介词短语/名词”结构。While (I was) walking in the
66、 nearby park, I saw a crowd of people dancing.当我在附近的公园散步时，我看到一群人在跳舞。If (it is) heated, water will turn into water vapour.水如果被加热，就会变成水蒸气。The flowers his friend gave him will die unless (they are) watered every day.如果不天天浇水他朋友送给他的花就会枯萎。She went on working though (she was) tired.她虽然累了，但仍继续工作。基础练习单句语法填空W
67、hile _ (wander), I saw the boy painting a panda on the wall.When _ (complete), the museum will be open to the public next year.Video games can be a poor influence if _ (leave) in the wrong hands.The air in the factory is seriously polluted. If _ (breathe) in, it may result in illness or even death.能
68、力提升完成句子如果有必要我可以早点儿来。I could come earlier，_我没有生气。如果说我有什么反应的话，那就是我感到有点惊讶。Im not angry._， I feel a little surprised.她几乎不会即使有也很少单独去看电影。She seldom, _， goes to the movies by herself.我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。I might see you tomorrow._， then itll be Saturday.3.the比较级(主语谓语)，the比较级(主语谓语)越，就越(前者表示条件，后者表示结果)The mo
69、re you practice, the better you can understand.你练习得越多，理解得就越透彻。The more learnt a man is, the more modest he usually becomes.一个人越博学，他通常就越谦虚。归纳拓展“比较级and比较级”和“more and more原级”表示“越来越”。When spring comes, the weather gets warmer and warmer.当春天来临时，天气变得越来越暖和。Learning becomes more and more difficult as we get
70、 older.随着我们年纪变大，学习变得越来越困难。基础练习单句语法填空The _ (high) the ground is, the thinner the air becomes.The harder you study, _ greater youll be.The flames were growing higher _ higher.As the evening wore on, she became more and more _ (nerve).4be doing.when 正在做，突然They were making a plan about the project when
71、the light went out.他们正在制订这个工程的计划，突然灯灭了。The artist was working on his sculpture when his friends came to visit him.这位艺术家正在做他的雕塑，这时他的朋友们来看望他。归纳拓展be about to do sth. when.刚要做某事，突然had (just) done sth. when.刚做完某事就be on the point of doing sth. when.刚要做某事，突然The family were about to go out when the postman
72、came.这家人正要出去，这时邮递员来了。We had just arrived home when it began to rain.我们刚到家，这时就开始下雨了。She was on the point of getting the car started when the telephone rang.她正要发动汽车，这时电话铃响了。基础练习单句语法填空He was measuring the length of the sofa _ his wife walked in.He _ (walk) in the street when it rained cats and dogs.Tom
73、 was sleeping sound _ he heard someone screaming.The ship was on the point of setting sail _ it began to rain.能力提升完成句子They _ (正在海上看风景，突然) the ship began to sink.He _ (刚吃完晚饭正要出去，这时) one of his best friends dropped in.I _ (正要看电视，突然) the power was out.5as if引导方式状语从句I remember the whole thing as if it h
74、appened yesterday.我记得整件事，就好像发生在昨天一样。The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.那个孩子跟我们讲话就像个大人一样。归纳拓展(1)as if引导方式状语从句时的语气：as if从句可用陈述语气，但更常用的是as if引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符。as if从句用虚拟语气时，谓语构成如下：与现在事实不符过去式(be用were)与过去事实不符had done与将来事实不符would/could/might/shoulddo(2)look/seem/feelas if引导的表语从句as if引导的
75、表语从句根据具体情况用陈述语气或虚拟语气。The black clouds are gathering. It looks as if it is going to rain.乌云正在聚集。看起来好像要下雨了。(陈述语气)She looks as if she got back to her childhood again.她看上去似乎又回到了她的童年时代。(虚拟语气)基础练习单句语法填空Liu Ming speaks English so well as if he _ (be) an American.They looked as if they _ (not care).He opene
76、d his mouth as if _ (say) something.They completely ignore these facts as if they never _ (exist).After the rain the corn shot up as if _ magic.It looks as if he _ (not see) food for a week.【跟踪演练】.短语汉译英1火山喷发 _2对发表评论 _3数以百万计的 _4对置之不理，对撒手不管 _5逃离 _6在边缘；某事快要发生(尤指不好的事) _7损坏，损害 _8吸气 _9用完；耗尽 _10停止运转，出故障 _1
77、1挤满；充满 _12对感到震惊 _13训斥；告诫 _14朝挥手 _15全心全意地 _.单句语法填空1The hurricane did great damage _ the crops. Whats worse, millions of people were affected.2The doctors were conducting an _ (operate) on the man rescued from the traffic accident.3In no way can we measure the _ (suffer) people went through in the nat
78、ural disaster.4It is our duty to take effective measures to raise peoples awareness of wildlife _ (protect).5The gas is harmless if you breathe _ just a little of it.6We should make full _ (prepare) before the horrible hurricane comes.7Seeing the wounded dolphin being carried away by the wave, the g
79、irl began to cry _ (anxious).8He worked hard overseas, attempting to achieve his _ (ambitious) of becoming a millionaire.9The explorer didnt survive the _ (explode), for his food supply finally ran out.10The children were all _ (cheer) when they saw the kangaroos jumping here and there at the wildli
80、fe base.11He didnt make comments _ the lecture about ecology.12The lecture hall is _ (crowd) with people who attempt to know more about ecology.13We were _ (shock) to learn that his brother was lost in the volcanic eruption.14It is a pity that the kangaroo didnt escape _ the hunters shot.15Walking a
81、lone in the jungle with the horrible sounds around her, the girl was _ (frighten).单句写作1这个男孩对生态学的一切都很好奇，在这门学科上无人能及。(be curious about, ecology, have no equal)_2这名妇女在吸入过量浓烟之前被从着火的房子里救了出来。(breathe in, rescue.from.)_3尽管他们做了充分的准备，印刷机在印刷的过程中还是坏了。(make full preparations, break down, in the process of)_4他不愿对
82、那起可怕的事故作任何评论。(make comments on, horrible)_5上周末我们去滑雪时，滑雪场挤满了十几岁的孩子。(go skiing, be crowded with)_6被困在笼子里的老虎试图逃跑。(be trapped in, make an attempt to do sth., escape from)_7这个国家数百万居民受到了火山爆发的影响。(millions of, volcanic eruption)_8当她看到那只猫站在高楼边缘时，她被眼前的情景吓坏了。(be frightened at, observe, on the edge of)_9我们保护野生动
83、物的资金已经用完了。我们不知道下一步该做什么。(wildlife protection, run out, at a loss)_10我们将采取措施减少飓风对这个城市造成的损失。(take measures, do damage to)_UNIT 5HUMANS AND NATURE基础回顾自主排查区核心词汇1comment2.disaster3.lecture4.damage5.measure6shock7.attempt8.interrupt9.rescue10.escape阅读词汇1旱灾，干旱2.飓风3.滑坡；塌方4.漩涡5.袋鼠6档案，卷宗7.鲸8.海豚9.鲨(鱼)10.野草；海藻11
84、.鹿拓展词汇1anxiousanxiously2.conductor3.lose4.curiosity5harmfulharmless6.survivalsurvivor7.ambitious8equallyequality9.procession10.frightenfrightened高频短语1turn ones back (on sb./sth.)2.on the edge of3breathe in4.run out典型句式1how difficult2.The morethe happier3.maketo do4.to work out核心考点互动探究区第一版块|重点单词1with
85、inFloodsinfloodedwith2on/aboutwithouton/uponcomments3incrowdedon/uponto crowdwithinto4lectureslecturerin/onbeing lectured5fromtobeing hurtandoinga6fromonwas survivedsurvivorsurvival7aboutcuriouslythatwithto findcuriosity8toequallyinwithoutpulling9inawas trappedinto10inatto findto controlat11tois dam
86、ageddamageddestroyruindamaged12tobeyondto improvemeasuresmeasurementmeasured13theintohave been processedinto process14withwas interruptedto interruptinterruption15himselfbe conductedaroundconducted16protectorunderprotectionprotectiveTheagainst/from17the nearby police stationat the nearby supermarket
87、opens up nearby18to beambitionambitious19cheerfulnessacheerfulforon20proofto bewas provedhimselftothat21sinceritysincerelyininsincerity第二版块|重点短语1outofrun outrun out of2weighedworkdoto writehad me post the letterhad his hand burnthave a lot of work to dohave the children arriving late3updownawaythrou
88、ghoff出故障消除，打破(精神)垮掉(计划)失败拆分4onbacktoupout5as soon as possibleas fast as you canas soon as I canYoud better be well prepared for the voluntary job as soon as you can/as soon as possible.6be protectedbeing hunteddyingfrom/againstfrom7itupforis madebestout第三版块|典型句式1It is a common saying thatIt is a gre
89、at pity thatIt is a common saying thatIt is a great pity that2wanderingcompletedleftbreathedif necessaryIf anything if everIf not3highertheandnervous4whenwas walkingwhenwhenwere enjoying the scenery at sea whenhad just finished supper and was about to go out whenwas on the point of watching TV when/
90、was about to watch TV when5weredidnt careto sayexistedbyhadnt seen跟踪演练强化提升区.1volcanic eruption2.make a comment on3.millions of4.turn ones back (on sb./sth.)5.escape from6.on the edge of7.do damage to8.breathe in9.run out10.break down11.be crowded with12.be shocked at13.lecture on14wave at15.heart an
91、d soul.1to2.operation3.suffering4.protection5.in6preparations7.anxiously8.ambition9.explosion10cheerful11.on12.crowded13.shocked14.from15.frightened.1The boy is curious about everything about ecology and has no equal in this subject.2The woman was rescued from the burning house before she breathed i
92、n too much heavy smoke.3Though they had made full preparations, the printing machine broke down in the process of printing.4He was unwilling to make any comments on the horrible accident.5The ski resort was crowded with teenagers when we went skiing last weekend.6The tiger which was trapped in the c
93、age made an attempt to escape from it.7Millions of residents in this country were affected by the volcanic eruption.8She was frightened at the scene when she observed the cat standing on the edge of the high building.9Our fund for wildlife protection has run out and we are at a loss what to do next.10Well take measures to reduce the damage the hurricane will do to the city.
