1、题型组合练(五).阅读理解AWhile most 4yearolds are making mud pies or selling lemonade，Austin Perine of Birmingham，Alabama decided to go one step further.With his red cape(披肩) covering his shoulders，Austin Perine feeds the hungry and homeless population throughout the city in an effort to “show love” to those w
2、ho need “food and smiles”“Show love”，according to Austin，has become his superhero motto.His superhero name？President Austin，of course.Austins father，TJ Perine，told CNN that Austin has always been compassionate(有同情心的)，as he acts like a “little dad” for his brother，Taylor.However，it wasnt until Austin
3、 learned that people are experiencing homelessness that he decided to share what he has with the rest of his community.TJ noted that Austins first knowledge about homelessness came after watching a nature documentary about a baby panda on television.“Austin and I were watching an animal show and the
4、re was a mother panda that was leaving her baby，” TJ said.“Austin began to get concerned，and I told him that the baby panda would be homeless.”To better teach his son about homelessness，TJ took the young boy to the city shelter，at which point Austin asked，“Can we feed them？” In response，TJ took Aust
5、in to Burger King where he enthusiastically volunteered to pay for the chicken sandwiches using his weekly pocket money，thereby giving up new toys that week.Austin and his father have plans to expand their community outreach efforts so they can also fight homelessness at its roots.They have also sta
6、rted a GoFundMe as part of their Show Love Foundation.“Weve gotten a lot of support from the country，and what we want to do is expand and do from more than just giving out sandwiches，” TJ told CNN，saying that，finally，he and Austin hope to build a service center that deals with the many causes and sy
7、mptoms of homelessness.“Mental illness，drug abuse，addiction，and things like that，” he said.“Austin and I want to build a service center and get some specialists in there that can actually help these people get back into the workforce.”语篇解读本文是记叙文。文章讲述了一个来自美国阿拉巴马州，自称是“奥斯汀总统”的四岁小男孩奥斯汀的爱心故事。1What can we
8、 know about Austin from the first paragraph?AHe has sympathy for the homeless.BHe likes watching superhero movies.CHe used to enjoy making mud pies best.DHe frequently makes lemonade for the poor.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“With his red cape(披肩) covering his shoulders，Austin Perine feeds the hungry and homel
9、ess population throughout the city in an effort to show love to those who needfood and smiles”可知，奥斯汀同情无家可归的人。2What did Austin do in Burger King?AHe bought new toys for his brother.BHe ate chicken sandwiches with TJ.CHe visited the homeless baby panda.DHe used up his pocket money for charity.答案D解析推理判
10、断题。根据倒数第三段中的“Austin asked，Can we feed them？.he enthusiastically volunteered to pay for the chicken sandwiches using his weekly pocket money，thereby giving up new toys that week.”可推知，奥斯汀把他那周本来买玩具的零花钱全部拿出来买了三明治，送给了那些无家可归的人们。3What do TJ and Austin intend to do?ASet up another GoFundMe.BWin support from
11、 the government.CHelp the homeless become employed.DGive out more sandwiches to the poor.答案C解析细节理解题。根据最后一段TJ所说的话可知，奥斯汀和他的父亲打算成立一个机构，请专家帮助无家可归的人重回职场。BThe high social cognitive(认知的) skills of horses towards humans might partially explain why humans and horses have a collaborative(合作的) relationship tod
12、ay.However，the scientific evidence for this ability is still scarce(不足的)In this study，scientists focused on horses social cognitive skills with humans in a problemsolving situation where food was hidden in a place accessible only to humans.For the first experiment，an assistant experimenter hid carro
13、ts in a container which the horse could not reach.The researchers observed whether and how the horse sent signals to the caretaker when the caretaker(unaware of the situation) arrived.The horse stayed near the caretaker and looked at，touched and pushed the caretaker.These behaviors occurred over a s
14、ignificantly longer period compared to cases in which they carried out the experiment without hiding the food.The results showed that when horses cannot handle problems by themselves，they send signals to humans both visually and physically.Building on these results，for the second experiment they tes
15、ted whether the horses behavior changed in other situations and the findings were as follows：The horses gave more signals if the caretaker hadnt watched the food being hidden than if the caretaker had，suggesting that horses can change their behavior in response to the knowledge levels of humans.Thes
16、e two experiments showed some behaviors are used by horses to communicate demands to humans.They also suggested that horses possess high cognitive skills that enable them to flexibly alter their behavior towards humans according to humans knowledge state.This high social cognitive ability may have b
17、een acquired during the domestication process.In order to identify the characteristic that enables horses to form close bonds with humans，in future research the team aims to compare communication between horses，as well as looking more closely at the social cognitive ability of horses in their commun
18、ication with humans.语篇解读本文是说明文。作为最早被人类驯化的动物之一，马是人类的重要伙伴和好朋友，在人类的发展史上发挥了重要作用。在被人类驯化的过程中，马逐渐形成了自己与人类共处的高度的社会认知能力，研究人员也通过实验证明了这一点。4How is the second paragraph mainly developed?ABy inferring something from facts.BBy describing details.CBy analyzing causes.DBy examining differences.答案B解析写作手法题。根据第二段对实验过程的
19、描述可知，该段主要对实验的细节进行了描写。故选B。5Which of the following affected the horses behavior in the study?AThe number of carrots.BThe color and size of the container.CThe physical appearance of the caretaker.DThe caretakers knowledge of the hidden food.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，饲养员是否看见食物被藏起来，对马的行为产生了影响。故选D。6What does t
20、he underlined word “alter” in Paragraph 4 mean?AChange. BControl.CDevelop. DFollow.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据该词所在句的语境可知，此处表示“这两个实验还表明马有很高的认知技能，能够让它们根据人们的认知状态灵活改变它们对人类的行为”。第三段中的“whether the horses behavior changed in other situations”中的changed也是提示。alter意为“改变”。CAsk a man in the street what education is for，and an
21、immediate response might be “for equipping young people with the skills to get a job”Well，yes，but is education not about a lot more than that?Indeed，I would argue that it is because our British education holds a higher ideal(理想)equipping young people with selfconfidence and an understanding of the w
22、orld around themthat it is booming internationally.Yet I believe that what makes our education great is being threatened by the ever increasing focus on teaching to the test.The focus has arisen because only by testing children can we know what progress they have made.Its a paradox(自相矛盾)，since the c
23、urriculum changes that are taking effect were designed to widen young peoples knowledge of the world around them.But please do not misunderstand me.I am not suggesting that tests should be withdrawn.I am saying that schools need to have the confidence to aim much higher and wider than teaching to th
24、e test.They should put a rich learning experience for students first；the test should be used to validate(证实) learning，not an end in itself.Teachers count.A good many subject teachers know their departments have been shortchanging their students，but they lack the selfconfidence and support to move aw
25、ay from teaching to the test.So，what is the secret to getting back on track？What good schools have known all along is that a staffroom full of teachers with a good knowledge of what they are teaching，together with a passion and skill for communicating it，lies at the heart of the best education.Teach
26、ersinsistence on putting their love of subjects first will produce more engaged(参与) students.And with more engaged students often come better examination results，greater selfconfidence and so on.Schools should also find the selfconfidence to put a focus on inspiring teachers who are keen to broaden
27、what they teach.In this way，I believe educational achievement will improve.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。文章通过对教育目的的探讨告诉我们，学校应拓宽其教学内容并设定更高更广泛的教育目标。7Which belongs to the purpose of education according to the author?AHelping young people to have a job.BPreparing students for all kinds of tests.CMaking young people behav
28、e confidently.DEnabling young people to succeed in life.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“our British education holds a higher ideal(理想)equipping young people with selfconfidence and an understanding of the world around them”可知，在作者看来，教育的目的在于让年轻人拥有自信并了解周围的世界。故选C。8What does the author think of tests at present?AForm
29、al and competitive.BNecessary but imperfect.CStandard but worthless.DImportant and functional.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Yet I believe that.what progress they have made.”可知，应试教育的现状令作者担忧，而考试又是有必要的，因为考试能反映学生的进步情况；根据第四段中的“I am not suggesting that tests should be withdrawn.”和“schools need to have the confidence
30、 to.not an end in itself”可知，作者并没有建议取消考试，而是说学校应勇于追求比考试更广泛的教育目标，考试本身不是教育的目的，而应被作为验证学习成果的方式。由此可推知，在作者看来，当下的考试必不可少但有一定的缺陷。故选B。9What should teachers do to face the challenge according to the author?AArrange interesting classes to students taste.BTrain students according to new teaching standards.CEncoura
31、ge students to express their love for subjects.DFeel confident to care about more than examinations.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第五段中的内容可知，虽然很多教师自己也知道学生被“亏待”了，但他们缺乏自信和支持来摆脱应试教育；而作者认为教师将自己对学科的热爱放在首位能让学生的参与度更高，从而促成好的结果，比如更好的考试成绩、学生更自信等。由此可推知，作者认为教师的关注不应仅限于考试。故选D。10What is a suitable title for the text?AWhat Is the Fu
32、ture of British Education?BWhat Is the True Purpose of British Education?CSchools Must Aim Higher than Teaching to the TestDSchools Should Withdraw Tests for the Sake of Students答案C解析标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，本文由“教育的目的是什么”开篇，进而论述了学校应拓宽其教学内容并设定更高更广泛的教育目的，而不仅仅注重考试。故C项作本文标题最佳。.七选五Its very common these days for peop
33、le to take some sort of regular exercise each week.But if youve never done it before，whats the best way to go about it？ 11 He or she will create a personalized plan for you based on your aims.However，each hourly session can be steep considering you have to pay both the personal trainer and membershi
34、p of the gym，too.So whats left？Well，if you have the courage to do it，you can make your own plan.Its relatively easy to do if you have the knowhow. 12 First，keep your fitness goal in mind.Are you looking to slim down or increase your abilities？Whatever it is，make sure the things you choose to do are
35、achieving that goal.Next，do your research. 13 Watch as many of these as possible，but make sure to be a little critical of themeveryone has a different physique and what works for one may not work for another.Finally，keep your feet on the ground. 14 It takes at least three months to see any realistic
36、 body changes.And dont be overzealous(过度热衷的)never work in paina good workout is difficult and challenging，but never painful.Pain means you are damaging yourself.If nothing else，focus on calisthenics(健身操) 15 Do as many of one exercise as you can without stopping，and then try and repeat that number tw
37、ice moremake sure you sweat，and dont forget to rest for a minute in between each activity!ABe patient with yourself and set realistic goals.BBut before you do，here are some basic pointers.CWell，many people make use of a personal trainer.DThey just dont want to design their own workout plan.EThese da
38、ys，social media is full of fitness videos and advice.FFind a way to make each exercise more difficult as you get in shape.GThese are the basic body movements which everyone can do anywhere.语篇解读本文是说明文。如果你想设计一套适合自己的锻炼计划，却没有足够的资金雇用私人教练，该怎么办呢？本文将教给大家几个自主健身的小贴士。11答案C解析结合上文中的“whats the best way to go abou
39、t it”和下文中的“He or she will create a personalized plan for you based on your aims.”可知，C项“许多人会请私人教练”符合语境，在文中起承上启下的作用。12答案B解析结合上文中的“Its relatively easy to do if you have the knowhow.”和下文的几点小贴士可知，B项“但是在你做之前，这里有一些基本的建议”符合语境，在文中起承上启下的作用。13答案E解析根据下文中的“Watch as many of these as possible”可知，E项“现在的社交网站上有很多健身的视频和建议”符合语境。14答案A解析结合上文中的“keep your feet on the ground”和下文中的“It takes at least three months to see any realistic body changes.”可知，A项“对自己要有耐心，同时要制定切实可行的目标”符合语境。15答案G解析根据上文中的calisthenics可知，G项“这些是任何人在任何地方都可以做的基本的肢体动作”符合语境，是对calisthenics的解释和说明。
