1、高考阅读理解要求考生在规定的时间内完成3篇不同体裁、题材的阅读理解题。考生不仅要能正确理解文章的表层意思，还要能通过表层意思合理地推断出文章的隐含意义。近几年阅读理解的命题已从对传统知识的掌握情况的考查转向对能力的考查，命题者更关注考生用英语获取信息的能力和处理相关信息的能力。为了帮助考生清楚地了解英语阅读理解题的情况，下面将具体分析近三年浙江卷英语阅读理解题的命题特点： 年份内容2019.62018.112018.62017.11语篇ABCABCABCABC文体记叙文说明文说明文说明文说明文记叙文记叙文说明文说明文记叙文说明文说明文难度易中难易中难易中难易中中细节理解题211/2/122/1
2、2推理判断题1113122/1311主旨大意题/2/1/1/1/词义猜测题/1/1/1/1/由以上统计可看出，浙江卷对阅读理解的考查文体上以记叙文、说明文、议论文为主，题型以细节理解题、推理判断题为主，词义猜测题、主旨大意题较难，所占比例较少，命题很好地体现了“注重基础，体现层次，有利于选拔人才”的高考命题思想。一、解题四步法第一步：扫描题干，划关键定位词，区分题型和预测文章主要内容。第二步：通读全文，抓住中心。1通读全文，抓两个重点：(1)段中心句、核心概念常在第一段，常在首段出题。(2)其他各段的段首和段尾句。其他部分略读，有重点地读。2抓住中心，用一分半时间思考3个问题：(1)文章叙述的
3、主要内容是什么？ (2)文章中有无提到核心概念？(3)作者的大致态度是什么？第三步：仔细审题，返回原文。仔细看题干，把每道题和原文的某处建立联系，挂起钩。定位原则：(1)通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。(关键词：大写字母、地名、时间、数字等)(2)自然段定位原则。出题的顺序与行文的顺序是基本一致的，一般每段对应一题。要树立定位意识，每一题、每一选项都要回到原文中某一处定位。第四步：重叠选项，选出答案。1通过题干返回原文：判断四个选项，抓住选项中的关键词，把选项定位到原文的某处比较重叠选项，选出答案。2做题练习要求：要有选一个答案的理由和其余三个不选的理由。二、研读答案特征1正确答案的
4、特征：(1)正确答案经常与中心思想有关。(2)正确答案的位置，最常见的三个位置是：段首段尾处、转折处、因果处。(3)正确答案经常运用的原则是：同义替换、正话反说和反话正说。(4)从语气角度来看，正确答案中经常含有不肯定的语气词和委婉表达的用词。如：can，may，might，possible，not necessarily，some。(5)正确答案经常具有概括性、深刻性，不能只见树木不见森林。2.错误答案的特征：第一大层次：(1)无中生有。原文中未提及的概念；(2)正反混淆。选项的意思跟原文的意思正好相反；(3)答非所问。虽然选项的说法没有问题，符合原文，但和题干搭不上边。第二大层次：(1)过
5、分绝对；(2)扩大范围(注意隐蔽型的扩大范围mostly); (3)因果倒置；(4)常识判断；(5)推得过远；(6)偏离中心。 三、四大题型及对策(一)细节理解题细节理解题一般包括直接理解题(在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问)、语义转化题(需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理后方能得出结论)、数字计算题、排列顺序题等。细节题的正确选项通常有以下特征：1再现原文；2对原文进行改写；3对原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化；4正话反说、无中生有(适用于三正一误的是非题)。细节题的干扰项特点：1文不
6、对题。这类题最不容易辨别，选项中的描述与原文完全一致，确属原文中的一个细节，这时要回到题干，看该选项是否能回答题干所提的问题；2偷换概念。符合常识，但不是文章的内容；3无中生有。即选项内容是根据主观想象或推测得出的结论，而文中并未涉及；4.正误并存。信息部分正确，部分错误。(二)推理判断题题干中常含有以下词语：infer/imply/suggest/indicate/conclude/learn from。此类试题难度较大，但请记住一句做题基本原则“推理主题和细节”。意思是说推理题不是根据文章主题推理就是根据文章细节推理。一般来说，在一篇文章后的3或4道试题中，若该推理题出现在第一道和第四道，
7、应该联系文章主题进行推理，也就是说要找到文章的主题句然后进行同义改写即可得到正确答案；若是该推理题出现在四道题的中间部分则是根据文章细节进行推理，按照细节题基本的细节定位原则也可以较快地解决问题。(三)主旨大意题 题干中常含有以下词语：main idea/mainly/mainly discuss/mainly concerned/central/primary。主旨大意题最关键的就是把握主题句和主题词。主题词通常在文章中出现频率较高，往往会在第一段出现，且带有概括性。有的类型的文章没有明显的主题句，但可以通过找主题词的方法解决此类试题，主题词就是文中出现频率最高的一个单词，一般情况下为名词，
8、记住一句话：主旨大意题的正确选项一定包含主题词！这样一来就很快可以排除若干干扰选项而一眼看出正确选项了。也可以运用逆向思维法、快速作文法：在两个选项看上去都十分正确无法选择时，试着从选项出发，想象一下如果自己以此选项来写文章会有哪些内容，然后把它与文章的内容比较，接近的即为正确选项。归纳主题容易出现以下三种错误：1以偏概全。即只抓住了主题的一个侧面就误以为是主题； 2过于笼统。即归纳的主题太泛，与细节脱节或是没有对细节加以充分论证； 3把观点强加给作者。读者往往根据自己的常识对文章进行判断而忽视了作者的见解。(四)词义猜测题词义猜测题的难度深浅不一，但究其根源，无非两种基本解题方法：联系上下文
9、和构词法。联系上下文就是看相邻的两句话或者是一句话内部主句和从句之间的关系，是同义延伸还是反义驳斥，找到句子之间的关系后再找相应位置单词(或句子)的同义词或反义词就易如反掌了。构词法则是根据一个较难单词的词根、前后缀或是词组的后接介、副词分析出该单词或词组的大概含义，然后对照四个选项找出最接近的一个答案。(以上四种题型将在第二节分类突破中有详细讲解和具体练习。)第一节细节理解题一、事实细节题(20196月浙江，A)Zachariah Fike has an unusual hobby.He finds old military(军队的) medals for sale in antique s
10、tores and on the Internet.But unlike most collectors，Zac tracks down the medals rightful owners，and returns them.His effort to reunite families with lost medals began with a Christmas gift from his mother，a Purple Heart with the name Corrado AG.Piccoli，found in an antique shop.Zac knows the meaning
11、of a Purple Hearthe earned one himself in a war as a soldier.So when his mother gave him the medal，he knew right away what he had to do.Through the Internet，Zac tracked down Corrados sister Adeline Rockko.But when he finally reached her，the woman flooded him with questions：“Who are you？What antique
12、shop？” However，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had handled the call.So she called Zac back and apologized.Soon she drove to meet Zac in Watertown，N.Y.“At that point，I knew she meant business，” Zac says.“To drive eight hours to come to see me.”The Piccolis grew up the children of Italian i
13、mmigrants in Watertown.Corrado，a translator for the Army during WW，was killed in action in Europe.Before hearing from Zac，Adeline hadnt realized the medal was missing.Like many military medals，the one Zacs mother had found was a family treasure.“This medal was very precious to my parents.Only on spe
14、cial occasions(场合) would they take it out and let us hold it in our hands，” Adeline says.As a child，Adeline couldnt understand why the medal was so significant.“But as I grew older，” Adeline says，“and missed my brother more and more，I realized that was the only thing we had left.” Corrado Piccolis P
15、urple Heart medal now hangs at the Italian American Civic Association in Watertown.Zac recently returned another lost medal to a family in Alabama.Since he first reunited Corrados medal，Zac says his record is now 5 for 5.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了Zac的一个不同寻常的业余爱好：当在古董店或者网上找到旧的军队勋章时，他会设法找到其合法的主人并且归还。21Where did
16、 Zac get a Purple Heart medal for himself?AIn the army.BIn an antique shop.CFrom his mother.DFrom Adeline Rockko.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“he earned one himself in a war as a soldier”可知，Zac曾经在战场上获得过紫心勋章，故选A项。22What did Zac realize when Adeline drove to meet him?AShe was very impolite.BShe was serious about
17、 the medal.CShe suspected his honesty.DShe came from a wealthy family.答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“At that point，I knew she meant business， Zac says.To drive eight hours to come to see me.”可推知，Adeline很在意这枚勋章，mean business(非正式)当真，认真。故选B项。23What made Adeline treasure the Purple Heart?AHer parents advice.BHer kn
18、owledge of antiques.CHer childhood dream.DHer memory of her brother.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“Adeline couldnt understand.missed my brother more and more.the only thing we had left”可知，这枚紫心勋章代表着Adeline对在战场上牺牲的兄弟的深切怀念和记忆，故选D项。一、题型解读事实细节题常以应用文的形式出现在考题中，涉及的话题有：广告类、活动安排类、书籍电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以5W1H(what，who，whe
19、n，where，why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。二、解题技巧题干定位，寻找信息“题干定位法”是做事实细节题最基本的也是最常用的方法。事实细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子，然后进行比较和分析，便可以确定最佳答案。“题干定位法”分为三步：第一步：先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等，即问题的核心信息。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第21题，题干中的定位词为a Purple Heart medal；第二步：在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词，找出相关的句子。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第21题，由定位词a Purple Heart
20、medal我们可以迅速浏览到第二段中的关键信息he earned one himself in a war as a soldier；第三步：分析这些句子和选项，得出正确答案。例如上面【真题感悟】中的第21题，分析句子和选项可知A项正确。A(2019河北衡水中学一联)Old Falls MoviesJune 28thBeauty & the BeastDisneys classic takes on a new form，with a widened fairy tale and an allstar cast.A young prince,1imprisoned in the form of
21、 a beast，can be freed only by true love.What may be his only opportunity arrives when he meets Belle，the only human girl to ever visit the castle since his being turned into a beast.July 12thThe Emoji(表情) MovieThe Emoji Movie 2unlocks a secret world inside your smartphone.11Hidden within the messagi
22、ng app is Textopolis，a city where all your favorite emojis live with only one facial expression except Gene who has multiple expressions.Determined to become “normal” like the other emojis，Gene asks Hi5 and Jailbreak to help through the apps on the phone to find the Code that will fix him.July 19thJ
23、umanji：Welcome to the JungleIn a new Jumanji adventure，four kids discover an old video game and are 7drawn into the games jungle setting，becoming the adult avatars(化身)To beat the game and return to the real world alive，theyll have to find a map and change the way they think about themselvesor theyll
24、 be 6stuck in the game forever.August 9thPeter RabbitPeter Rabbit，his three sisters and their cousin Benjamin enjoy troubling Mr McGregor in his vegetable garden until he dies.When one of Mr McGregors relatives moves in，he finds much more than he 3bargained for.What follows is a battle of 9wills bet
25、ween the new Mr McGregor and the rabbits.However，something happens and his feelings towards them begin to change.1When can the audience see a film about true love?AOn July 19th.BOn June 28th.COn August 9th.DOn July 12th.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句“A young prince，imprisoned in the form of a beast，can be fre
26、ed only by true love.”可知，美女和野兽是一部关于真爱的电影，上映日期是6月28日，故B项正确。2How is Gene special?AHe lives in a secret world alone.BHe can help others through an app.CHe is the favorite emoji of the world.DHe has more than one facial expression.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Hidden within the messaging app is Textopolis，a city
27、 where all your favorite emojis live with only one facial expression except Gene who has multiple expressions.”可知，吉恩的特别之处在于他有多种面部表情，故D项正确。3What should adventurers do to win in the game?ADress up as adults.BDiscover an old video game.CDraw a map about the jungle.DThink about themselves differently.答案
28、D解析细节理解题。根据第三段的第二句“To beat the game and return to the real world alive，theyll have to find a map and change the way they think about themselvesor theyll be stuck in the game forever.”可知，要想游戏通关，活着回到现实世界，冒险者们必须要改变对自己的看法，故D项正确。B(2019山东青岛模拟)The Great Wall，ChinaStretching over 21,000 kilometers，the Great
29、 Wall was built to prevent invasions and has a history of more than 2,000 years.UNESCO in February 2019 calls it an absolute masterpiece，not only because of the ambitious character of the undertaking but also the perfection of its construction.But perfection isnt protection.51.2 percent of the Great
30、 Wall either has had already disappeared or is at a 8significant risk of disappearing.Besides for wind and rain erosion，the main reasons for the 4destruction of the Great Wall are human factors such as tourism，construction，human contact and so on.Pamukkale，TurkeyPamukkale，which means “cotton castle”
31、 in Turkish，is famous for its shining white calcite terraces(方解石阶地) with warm and mineralrich waters flowing.Before 5being listed as a World Heritage Site in 1988，Pamukkale had been severely damaged by human activities.People used hot spring water to fill swimming pools，some visitors stood on the ro
32、cks and some even bathed in the hot springs with soap and shampoo.To protect the terraces，the Turkish government has decided to pull down the hotels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.Great Barrier Reef，AustraliaHome to 400 types of coral and 1,500 species of fish，the Great Barrier
33、 Reef draws visitors to Australia from all over the world.12However，the Great Barrier Reef is expected to suffer from increasingly frequent bleaching events,10cases in which corals turn white and may die，according to a UNESCO report.The heat waves caused by global warming have killed half of the cor
34、al here in the two years，according to a CNN report.Pollution from industry developments and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.The Dead Sea，JordanAt 423 meters below sea level，the Dead Sea is 10 times saltier than the ocean，meaning that the water is so dense，even tourists who cant swim
35、will be able to float.But the seaside resorts built in the 1980s now sit kilometers away from the waters edge，which has lost half of its surface area in the past 40 years.The damage is irreversible due to the nature of the mineral industry and the type of agricultural use that has drained the water.
36、语篇解读这是一篇应用文， 介绍了中国的长城、土耳其的棉花城堡、澳大利亚的大堡礁以及约旦的死海这四个著名旅游景点遭到破坏的情况。4Which are you required to visit without shoes?AThe Great Wall，China.BPamukkale，Turkey.CGreat Barrier Reef，Australia.DThe Dead Sea，Jordan.答案B解析细节理解题。由第四段的最后一句“To protect the terraces，the Turkish government has decided to pull down the ho
37、tels and require all tourists to visit this site barefoot.”中的barefoot(赤脚的)可知，B项符合题意。5Which of the following statements is true?AMain reasons for the destruction of the Great Wall come from wind and rain erosion.BPamukkale was damaged by human activities after 1988.CPollution and the heat waves cause
38、d by global warming kill much coral in the Great Barrier Reef.DHalf of the Dead Sea surface area has disappeared in the past two decades.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第六段最后两句“The heat waves caused by global warming have killed half of the coral here in the two years，according to a CNN report.Pollution from industry
39、developments and harmful fishing practices are also big concerns.”可知C项正确。6What do the above spots have in common?AThey are all famous endangered natural spots.BTheyre damaged only by human activities.CThey all draw the attention of the governments.DTheyre all seriously damaged.答案D解析推理判断题。综观全文，四个景点中并
40、非全部是natural spot(自然景点)，如长城，故可排除A项；这些景点遭到破坏并非全都是因为人类活动，还有自然原因，故排除B项；文中只提及了棉花城堡的破坏引起了政府关注，故排除C项。.障碍词汇突破(一)阅读下列句子，并根据句意猜测画线部分的意思1Because of the robbery he conducted，he was imprisoned.v.监禁2In the new type of house，there is a smart lock that can unlock the front door when the homeowner is near by the mob
41、ile phone.v.解锁3. He bargained with his wife，“You take care of the children and Ill cook.” v商讨条件4. Many people are very concerned about the destruction of the rainforests，whose disappearance is partly caused by human activities.n.毁坏，破坏5Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987.
42、被列为(二)同义词语替换6During the earthquake，people may get stuck inside for more than an hour before being rescued. trapped7Her beautiful voice in her online video，which amazes everyone，has drawn millions of fans.attracted8After days of hard work，your project has shown a significant improvement.great/noticea
43、ble(三)一词多义9will(助动词)将来；(情态动词)(表示愿意)愿，要，会 n意志；决心；遗嘱(1)Where there is a will，there is a way.n.意志，决心(2)Honestly speaking，I will spare no effort to support you whatever the situation.(情态动词)会(3)Attached to his will was a letter he had written to his wife just days before his death.n.遗嘱(4)As time goes by，
44、he will be devoting more time to writing，broadcasting and lecturing.(助动词)将来10case n情况；事实； 案例；病例；伤员；盒子(1)There is a misbelief that popcorn is caloriefree，but that is not the case.n.事实(2)These ideas can be true in certain cases，but very wrong in others.n.情况(3)To attract more visitors，the museum displa
45、yed the exhibitions in glass cases.n.盒子(4)Judging from the whole process，it was a typical case of bad management.n.案例(5) Fortunately，the most serious cases were treated at the scene of the accident.n.伤员.长难句理解11Hidden within the messaging app is Textopolis，a city where all your favorite emojis live w
46、ith only one facial expression except Gene who has multiple expressions.句式分析本句是一个主从复合句。主句为Hidden within the messaging app is Textopolis，是一个完全倒装句。主语是 Textopolis，a city作其同位语，后面的where引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 a city。 后面的who引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词 Gene。精美译文隐藏在短消息应用程序中的是文字大都市。在这个城市中，你喜欢的表情包们都只有一个表情表情丰富的吉恩除外。12However，the Gr
47、eat Barrier Reef is expected to suffer from increasingly frequent bleaching events，cases in which corals turn white and may die，according to a UNESCO report.句式分析本句是一个主从复合句。 主句为the Great Barrier Reef is expected to suffer from increasingly frequent bleaching events。其中expect意为“预计”，而不是“期望”。cases 是 blea
48、ching events 的同位语，后面的in which引导的是定语从句，等于关系副词where。精美译文 然而，根据联合国教科文组织的一份报告，大堡礁预计将遭受越来越频繁的白化现象，即珊瑚虫变白并可能死亡。强化练(九) .阅读理解A(2018山东潍坊期末)Wonderful holiday cottages across England，Wales and Northern Ireland are available.When you choose your next holiday cottage，the following may strike your eyes.Large holi
49、day cottages for special occasionsWe have over 30 cottages for eight or more people.These are great for celebrations with friends and family.You could head to Devon and stay in one of the countys most important houses，Shute Barton，where we can even provide details of the local cook that can come to
50、the cottage and cook a delicious meal to make your stay even more special.One of our newest cottages is Thorington Hall in Suffolk，and its the largest in our collection.If you fancy something a little bit different，you can visit the Lighthouse Keepers Cottage.Dog friendly cottages in CornwallCornwal
51、l is a great place for dog walking with miles of coastline and beaches waiting to be explored and our dog friendly holiday cottages are on the doorstep on some of these places.We share just a selection of our dog friendly cottages across Cornwall.Click here to see the full range of dog friendly cott
52、ages in Cornwall.Easter bank holiday cottageWe have cottages perfect for a gathering with family or friends if youre looking for some peaceful time away.You could spend the Easter bank holiday weekend in a holiday cottage on the beautiful coast around Cornwall or Pembrokeshire.Songbird HideawayThis
53、cosy heartwarming cottage is the perfect romantic retreat，situated near the hamlet of Penrhos and close to the town of Pwllheli，featuring appealing views towards Cardigan Bay.Couples can escape the busyness of their everyday lifestyle and enjoy the delights of this compact yet beautifully presented
54、accommodation.1Where can you enjoy the doortodoor service by a local cook?AShute Barton.BThorington Hall in Suffolk.CLighthouse Keepers Cottage.DEaster bank holiday cottage.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段的第三句中的“.Shute Barton，where we can even provide details of the local cook that can come to the cottage and cook
55、a delicious meal to make your stay even more special.”可知，在Shute Barton 可以享受当地厨师的上门服务。2How can you learn more information for the holidays with your pet dogs?ABy fax. BBy phone.CBy post. DBy Internet.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句“Click here to see the full range of dog friendly cottages in Cornwall.”可知，人们可以通
56、过上网获取更多信息。3Which place is convenient for a romantic holiday?ASongbird Hideaway.BPembrokeshire holiday cottage.CDog friendly cottage in Cornwall.DLarge holiday cottages for special occasions.答案A解析细节理解题。根据最后一段的首句“This cosy heartwarming cottage is the perfect romantic retreat，situated near the hamlet o
57、f Penrhos and close to the town of Pwllheli，featuring appealing views towards Cardigan Bay.”可知，在Songbird Hideaway可以享受浪漫的假期。BLets look at the movies we cant wait to watch in 2019.Dumbo (March 29)Dumbo is a 1941 American film produced by Walt Disney Productions.The main character is an elephant who is
58、 nicknamed “Dumbo”Dumbo is always laughed at for his big ears，and he is rejected by the other elephants.With no parent to care for him，he is alone.But in fact，he is capable of flying by using his ears as wings.A liveaction adaptation of the film directed by Tim Burton is scheduled to be released on
59、March 29,2019.Shazam! (April 5)Shazam is an upcoming American superhero film based on the DC Comics character of the same name.Directed by David FSandberg，the film is set to star Asher Angel as Billy Batson，a teenage boy who can transform via the magic word “Shazam” into an adult superhero played by
60、 Zachary Levi.It will be the first film version of the character since the 1941 series Adventures of Captain Marvel (the characters original name)Aladdin (May 24)Aladdin is a fictional character and the role of the film Aladdin(1992) based on “Aladdin”，a folk tale of Middle Eastern origin.He is voic
61、ed by Scott Weinger，while his singing voice is provided by Brad Kane.Aladdin never received a formal education，and has only learned by living on the streets of Agrabah.He has to steal food in the local market in order to survive.Mena Massoud is set to play a liveaction version of the character in a
62、liveaction adaptation of the 1992 film.Godzilla，King of the Monsters (May 31)Godzilla，King of the Monsters is a 1956 JapaneseAmerican science fiction film，codirected by Terry OMorse and Ishiro Honda.It is a heavily reedited American adaptation.For this new version of Godzilla，some of the original Ja
63、panese dialogue was translated into English，and some of the political，social and antinuclear themes were removed completely.4Which one will be shown to the audience as a form of film for the first time?ADumbo.BShazam!CAladdin.DGodzilla，King of the Monsters.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，Shazam！(沙赞！)将第一次以电影的
64、形式呈现给观众们。故选B。5Who is the actor of the newest version of Aladdin?AScott Weinger. BBrad Kane.CTerry OMorse. DMena Massoud.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知，梅纳马苏德将在最新版的电影阿拉丁中饰阿拉丁。故选D。6On which day can you watch a film about a pitiful animal according to the text?AMarch 29. BApril 5.CMay 24. DMay 31.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第
65、一部电影的介绍可知，小象丹波因为长着一对非常大的耳朵，经常受到其他大象的嘲笑，且他还得不到父母的照顾。由此可推岀丹波是令人同情的。这部电影的上映日期是3月29日，故选A。CMetalorganic frameworks(MOFs) are compounds that are set to solve some tough challenges：producing water in the desert，removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely.The Arizona deser
66、t is really dry.Anyone stuck in it without water would die from dehydration within three days，unless he had one of Omar Yaghis nextgeneration water harvesters，who is a chemist at the University of California，Berkeley.Although daytime humidity(湿度) is only about 10 percent，this rises to 40 percent at
67、night，which means theres enough water in the atmosphere to support lifeif it can be transformed into liquid form.Thats exactly what Yaghis invention does.Its about the size of a small microwave oven，designed to suck the water from the air at night and turn it into drinking water the next day using o
68、nly the heat of the sun as its power source.What makes it work is a special material called a MOF，which at normal temperatures attracts water molecules(分子) onto the surface of its internal small holes.Warm it up and get the water，each harvest producing onethird of a cup of pure drinking water.“A dev
69、ice，the size of a washing machine，could produce enough water for the basic needs of a household，” says Yaghi.These crystalline(结晶的) groups of metals linked by organic molecules can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability，attracting specific molecules to their surfaces.In thi
70、s way，MOFs cling to a variety of liquids and gases.MOFs work thanks to their distinctive structure.In fact，one MOF，the size of a sugar cube，has so many small holes that they would cover an area as large as six football fields.MOFs are also extremely stable，light and have many different uses：their mo
71、lecular structure can be varied to attract specific molecules.Adding a small amount of heat or pressure causes the MOF to give what its holding.More than 70,000 different MOFs have been produced to date for various applications.语篇解读本文是一篇科普说明文。文章主要介绍了一种新型材料金属有机框架，它仅以空气中的水分为来源，利用太阳能即可源源不断地生产出大量淡水，即使在空
72、气中水分子稀薄的沙漠也毫不费力。7Why is the Arizona desert mentioned in the second paragraph?ATo introduce water harvesters.BTo stress the importance of water.CTo express the urgent need for water there.DTo show the severity of its condition.答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段的“The Arizona desert.unless he had one of Omar Yaghis next
73、generation water harvesters”可知，作者提及亚利桑那州的沙漠是为了引出Omar Yaghi的下一代吸水设备以及下文对其的介绍。故选A。8What plays a vital role in water harvesters?ASolar energy.BWater molecules.CMOFs internal small holes.DMetalorganic frameworks.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第三段中的“What makes it work is a special material called a MOF”可知，使吸水设备工作的是一种叫做金属有
74、机框架的特殊材料，故金属有机框架在该设备中起了关键作用。9Which can explain the phrase “cling to” underlined in Paragraph 4?AGive off.BBreak down.CHold onto.DTurn into.答案C解析词义猜测题。根据画线短语前的“These crystalline(结晶的) groups of metals.can be made into materials with an extremely high absorption ability，attracting specific molecules to
75、 their surfaces.”可知，这些由有机分子连接在一起的金属结晶群可被制成吸收能力极高的材料，以吸引特定分子到它们的表面，即金属有机框架可以吸附各种液体和气体，故hold onto “抓紧”和画线短语cling to的意思最为接近。10What will probably be covered in the following paragraphs?AThe future of the MOF technology.BOther uses of the MOF technology.CThe improvement to the MOF technology.DPossible li
76、mitations of the MOF technology.答案B解析推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了金属有机框架可以帮助解决沙漠地区的缺水问题，再结合第一段中的“solve some tough challenges：producing water in the desert，removing greenhouse gases from the air and storing dangerous gases more safely”可推知，接下来可能会介绍金属有机框架在清除温室气体、安全储存危险气体方面的用途。故选B。.七选五(2019河北“五个一名校联盟”高三一模)How to
77、 Rent Your HouseBefore handing the keys to your house over to a complete stranger for care，there are decisions you need to make.In fact，the decisions you make now，before searching for a tenant (房 客)，will make the biggest impact on the success of your rental. 11 What Condition Do You Want Your House
78、in?There is no end to the amount of improving you can do to your house before renting it out. 12 When is good enough，good enough?A house should be clean，empty (unless you are offering it “furnished”，which is uncommon) and free from any major repairs at the time the tenant moves in.Remember，the home
79、does not need to be as fancy as you would want it to be. 13 Tenants will generally never take as good care of your house as you doso dont spend too much time or money making unnecessary upgrades that will only be ignored or broken.Should You Use a Property Manager? 14 If you have the time，abilities，
80、and energy to manage yourselfyou can save a good deal of money by doing so.However，if you try to manage without the abilityit could end up costing you much more than what a property manager might charge.How Much Can You Rent Your House for?Luckily，discovering what the monthly rent will bear for your
81、 house is not difficult. 15 In business，market research means to get out there and find out what others in your industry are charging；learning how much to charge for rent is no different.Your house will generally rent for about the same amount as other properties that are of similar location，size an
82、d condition.AThe problem becomes learning when to stop.BNo one wants to be a landlord with those problems.CThe following are some questions to answer before you rent out your house.DHave a professional carpet cleaner clean the carpets before showing the property.ELook around at other rentals in your
83、 area and try to see what the typical quality is.FThe best way to determine how much your house will rent for is to simply do market research.GThe decision about whether to manage yourself or hire a property manager cannot be made by anyone other than you.11答案C 解析根据文章标题“How to Rent Your House”可知，本文讲
84、述怎样出租自己的房屋。再根据文章的三个问句的小标题可知，本空是引出本文的三个小标题，出租房屋之前，应该考虑以下问题，故选C。12答案A 解析根据后文“A house should be clean，empty (unless you are offering it furnished，which is uncommon) and free from any major repairs at the time the tenant moves in.”可知，房屋出租之前，房屋应该要干净，不要堆太多东西，并且把坏的东西修理好，以及前一句“There is no end to the amount
85、of improving you can do to your house before renting it out.”可知，房屋的改善无止尽，因此可知，必须清楚房屋出租之前应该属于什么状况，学会适可而止，故选A。13答案E 解析根据前一句“Remember，the home does not need to be as fancy as you would want it to be.”以及后一句“Tenants will generally never take as good care of your house as you do.”可知，E项(看一下你周围其他租赁的房屋情况，尽量了解一下出租房屋的典型条件是什么样的)符合上下文语境。14答案G解析根据本段小标题“Should You Use a Property Manager？”可知，本段讲述是否需要房产经纪人，根据本段后文的阐述，如果有时间、有能力，自己管理能够节约很多钱，但是能力不济，则会多花钱，由此可知这个决定完全取决于自己，由此故选G。15答案F解析根据后一句中“market research”以及本段小标题“How Much Can You Rent Your House for？”可知，想要了解房屋出租价格，做市场调研很有用，故选F。
