1、专题三非谓语动词非谓语动词的考查要点1动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题(1)不定式作表语与“beto do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质；“beto do sth.”则表示按计划要做的事。My job is to teach English.(说明内容)He is to go abroad.(按计划要做的事)(2)后接不定式作宾语的词语。下列词语常接不定式作宾语：afford，promise，refuse，expect，hope，learn，offer，wish，want，fail，plan，agree，forget，like，prefer，decide，manage，t
2、ry，arrange，determine，desire等。下列词语后可接“疑问词不定式”：teach，decide，wonder，show，learn，forget，ask，find out，advise，discuss等。(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。动词(短语)see，watch，notice，hear，listen to，observe，feel，taste，smell，make，let，have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to，此时的不定式就是主语补足语。常用不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语ask/require/tell/order/force/get/want/likesb.t
3、o do sth.主语think/judge/suppose/believe/consider/imagine/feelsb.to be/to have done主语call on/upon/depend on/wait for/ask forsb.to do sth.(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance，wish，right，courage，need，promise，time，opportunity，way，the first，the second，the last，the only等。不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no o
4、ne to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。She is now looking for a room to live in.(5)不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，在句中主要表示目的、结果、原因等。only to do表示出人意料的结果。We hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order(not)to，so as(not)to用来引导目的状语；enough.to，so.as to do，such名词.as to do作结果状语。The girl was so kind as to he
5、lp the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.(6)不定式的完成式的用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发生的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.seem，appear，be said，be supposed，be believed，be thought，be known，be reported等动词常用于上面句型。glad、happy、sat
6、isfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成式，但要注意与一般式的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不起，请稍等。(说话时还未等)Im sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)(7)不定式的省略。同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and go home.Im really puzzled what to think or say.特例：To be or not to be，this i
7、s a question.It is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but，except，besides，such as等后面的to可省略。即“前有do，后省to”。Dont do anything silly，such as marry him.主句含有不定式，后面有rather than，rather than后省略to。Why not，had better，would rather，cant but等词后省略to
8、。Youd better take it seriously.多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语、主补或宾补的不定式再次出现时，to后的内容常承前省略(只保留to即可)。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动词have或be的任何形式，to后还应该保留原形have或be。Susan is not what she used to be.You came late last night.You ought to have finished your homework.I know I ought to have.常见的有：Id like/love/be happy to.【即时训练1】用
9、所给动词的适当形式填空1Its important for the figures to be updated(update) regularly.2Today we have chat rooms，text messaging，emailing.but we seem to be losing(lose)the art of communicating facetoface.3If they win the final tonight，the team are going to tour around the city to be cheered(cheer)by their enthusi
10、astic supporters.4The difference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable to hold(hold)5Simon made a big bamboo box to keep(keep)the little sick bird till it could fly.6Passengers are permitted to carry(carry)only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.7Mo
11、re TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced to raise(raise)peoples concern over food safety.8The ability to express(express)an idea is as important as the idea itself.2动名词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest，finish，avoid，cant help，mind，enjoy，require，practise，miss，escape，pardon，adv
12、ise，consider，imagine，keep，appreciate，permit。(2)下列动词短语后接动名词：leave off，put off，give up，look forward to，feel like，have trouble/difficulty(in)，devote to，be/get used to，pay attention to，be fond of，be worth。(3)介词后要接动名词；what about，how about，be fond of，be good at等的介词后接动名词。注意on/upon doing sth.as soon as引导的从句
13、，作此意讲时on/upon后也可以接名词。On his arrival at the station，he found the train had just started.(4)动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin，start，continue，like，love，dislike，hate，prefer，cant stand例句解析1.It began to rain./It began raining.2It was beginning to snow.3I love lying(to lie)on my back.4I like listening to music，but
14、today I dont like to.5I dont prefer to swim in the river now.1.意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember，forget，regret，try例句解析1.I remember to meet her at the station. I remember seeing her once somewhere.2I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it
15、.Now here it is.1.remember to do sth. 记住要做的事 remember doing sth. 回顾过去发生的事2forget to do sth.忘记要做的事forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3I regret not having worked hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death.4Try knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5That will mean flooding some land.I ha
16、d meant to go on Monday.3regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4try to do sth.设法，试图做某事try doing sth.试试看，试一试5mean to do sth.打算做，想要做mean doing sth.意味着want，require，need例句解析1.These desks need repairing/to be repaired.2The patient required examining/to be examined.表达意思一样，但用不定式时要用被动形式，用动名词时用主动
17、形式(表被动意义)。【即时训练2】用所给动词的适当形式填空1Its no use complaining(complain)without taking action.2Lydia doesnt feel like studying(study)abroad.Her parents are old.3Being exposed(expose)to the sun will do harm to your skin.4She is afraid of being taken(take)to the public.5Marys coming(come)late made her mother an
18、gry.3现在分词复习中应注意的几个问题(1)现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语(分词前面可加when，while等)Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.原因状语Not having finished her work in time，the boss fired her.Seeing nobody at home，he decided to leave them a note.伴随状语The girls came in，following their parents.结果状语The poor old man
19、died，leaving nothing to his children.注意：现在分词作状语的几个特性：时间。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般式；如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having done。语态。与句子主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循“主动进行，被动完成”的规则。人称一致。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。(2)现在分词作表语。主语bev.ing表示主动，主语是物。4过去分词复习中应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，可转换为相应的状语从句或并列分句，用来说明原因、时间、条件、伴随等。(1)作原因状语Tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Becau
20、se he was tired by the trip，he soon fell asleep.Lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.As he was lost in thought，he almost ran into a car.(2)作时间状语Seen from the hill，the city looks like a garden.When the city is seen from the hill，it looks like a garden.(3)作条件状语Given more time，I would have worked o
21、ut the problem.If I have been given more time，I would have worked out the problem.(4)作伴随状语The teacher came in，followed by some students.The teacher came in and(he)was followed by some students.分词短语作状语时，通常其逻辑主语就是句子的主语；但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。Her grandfather being ill，She had to stay at home
22、looking after him.【即时训练3】用所给动词的适当形式填空1The island，joined(join)to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.2Sit down，Emma.You will only make yourself more tired，keeping(keep) on your feet.3The next thing he saw was smoke rising(rise)from behind the house.4Look over theretheres a very long，winding pat
23、h leading(lead)up to the house.5Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost(lose)for words.6Offered(offer)an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.7Gathering(gather)around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.8More highways have been built in China，m
24、aking(make)it much easier for people to travel from one place to another.9The players selected(select)from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer game.10Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amused(amuse)with her stories.语法与写作根据提示翻译下面的句子1(2013山东高考写
25、作)我盼望收到你的来信。(用动名词作宾语)【导学号：36742159】I am looking forward to hearing from you.2(2013广东高考读写任务)不容怀疑，和社会上其他工作相比较，清洁工的工作更艰难些。(用compared with作状语)There is no doubt that what a cleaner does is harder compared with any other jobs in the society.3(2013湖南高考书面表达)又一次我们在同一地方进行爬山比赛。(用climbing作定语)Once again we had a
26、 climbing match at the same place.4(2013江西高考书面表达)沐浴在阳光下，我们高兴地跳跃欢呼。(用bathed作状语)Bathed in the sunshine，we jumped and cheered with joy.感悟高考1(2016江苏高考)In art criticism，you must assume the artist has a secret message within the work.Ato hideBhiddenChidingDbeing hidden【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：进行艺术评论时，你得假设艺术家在作品中藏了一
27、个隐秘信息。四个选项都是hide的非谓语动词形式，关键看a secret message和hide是什么关系。它们是被动关系，故选B项hidden作后置定语。D项being hidden虽然也表被动，但还表进行，与语境不符。【答案】B2(2016浙江高考)I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.AworkingBworkCto workDworked【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：航海的乐趣与我现在和学生一起上课的乐趣一样多。题干中的do指代前面的have fun，have fun doing sth.做某事很开心
28、，是固定搭配，故选A。【答案】A3(2016浙江高考)To return to the problem of water pollution，Id like you to look at a study in Australia in 2012.Ahaving conductedBto be conductedCconductingDconducted【解析】考查过去分词(短语)作定语。句意：为了再讨论一下水污染的问题，我想让大家看一项2012年在澳大利亚进行的研究。a study与conduct之间是被动关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。本题中return to是正式用语，表示“再讨论，重新
29、处理(某个主题)”之意。【答案】D4(2015北京高考) the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.ACatchingBCaughtCTo catchDCatch【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赶上早班飞机，我们提前订了出租车，而且起床很早。此处表目的，应用动词不定式，所以答案为C。【答案】C5(2015重庆高考) in the poorest area of Glasgow，he had a long，hard road to becoming a football star.ABeing
30、raisedBRaisingCRaisedDTo raise【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：因为他是在格拉斯哥最贫穷的地区被抚养大的，所以他走了一段很长很艰辛的路才成为一位足球明星。句子的主语he和raise是被动关系，因此排除B、D两项。A项Being raised意为“正在被抚养”，显然也不合逻辑。因此只能选择C项Raised，此处用过去分词表被动，过去分词短语在句中作原因状语。【答案】C6(2014湖南高考) ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thought and inner quiet
31、ness.AHaving freedBFreedCTo freeDFreeing【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让我们从身体和精神的紧张中解脱出来，我们每一个人都需要深思和内心的平静。we each need deep thought and inner quietness的目的是 ourselves from.，所以用动词不定式短语(to free.)表示目的，将其置于句首是为了突出目的。【答案】C7(2014山东高考)Theres a note pinned to the door when the shop will open again.AsayingBsaysCsaidDhav
32、ing said 【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：在门上钉着的那个便条的内容是这家商店何时再开张。首先分析句子结构可知There be句型中已经有了谓语动词is，故首先排除B项says。然后根据语意可知所填词要作后置定语修饰note。A项saying表主动；C项said表被动；D项having said 表示动作先于is的动作发生。从逻辑关系上看，note与say之间是主动关系，所以选A项，在此用现在分词结构作后置定语。另外，题干中的过去分词短语pinned to the door也作note的后置定语。【答案】A8(2014重庆高考)Group activities will be org
33、anized after class children develop team spirit.AhelpingBhaving helpedChelpedDto help【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：将在课后组织一些小组活动来帮助孩子们培养团队精神。根据语境可知，group activities will be organized after class的目的是“帮助孩子们培养团队精神”，设空处在句中作目的状语。故选D项动词不定式结构to help。A项helping为现在分词形式，B项having helped为现在分词的完成式，C项helped为过去分词，均不能作目的状语。【答案】D9
34、(2014四川高考)I hope to take the computer course.Good idea. more about it, visit this website.ATo find outBFinding outCTo be finding outDHaving found out【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：“我希望能参加电脑课的学习。”“好主意。要想了解更多，就浏览这个网站吧。”A项为动词不定式，动词不定式放于句首，作目的状语，符合语境。B项为现在分词，现在分词放于句首，可作主语，但是不能作目的状语。C项为动词不定式的进行时态。D项为现在分词的完成式，表示动作发生在谓语
35、动词所表示的动作之前，均不符合语境。【答案】A10(2014江西高考) nearly all our money, we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel.AHaving spentBTo spendCSpentDTo have spent【解析】本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：我们几乎已经花完了所有的钱，没钱住旅馆了。可用排除法排除作目的状语的不定式。we与spend之间为主动关系，spend这一动作发生在afford之前，故应该用非谓语动词的完成式。【答案】A11(2013重庆高考)The engine just wont start.Something
36、seems wrong with it.Ato goBto have goneCgoingDhaving gone【解析】句意：这个引擎发动不了了，好像出毛病了。seem后接to do形式，可首先排除C、D两项。由于go wrong动作发生在seem之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式(to have done)表示动作已经发生。所以答案为B。【答案】B12(2013北京高考)When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.AblockBto blockCblockingDblocked【解析】句意：当看到道路被雪堵住的时候，我们决定在家里度假。分析结构可知，此处是“see宾语宾语补足语”结构；宾补是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的整个过程”；宾补是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾补与宾语之间为动宾关系，则要用过去分词作宾补。分析结构可知，此处block与宾语the road之间为动宾关系，应用blocked作宾补，故正确答案为D项。解此类试题，分析宾语与宾补的逻辑关系是解题关键。【答案】D
